宜立特大學英語1 Unit1-2 Text A

1、Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社 1. In what way can music influence our life?1. Music can relax our body;2. Music can open our mind, and also be beneficial to our heart ;3. Music can help us fall asleep, enhance our memory and attention;4. Music ca

2、n soothe the babys breathing and heartbeat, calm down a crying baby, and promote the development of thinking ability of the babys brain , thus making him or her more intelligent.Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社2. Do you agree with the idea that listening to classical music can help promote

3、 the development of intelligence in children?It is one of those ideas that sound plausible. Mozart was undoubtedly a genius himself, his music is complex, and there is a hope that if we listen to enough of it, a little of that intelligence might rub off on us.Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出

4、版社The text is made up of three parts. Try to give each part a heading. The first has been given.ParagraphsHeadingsPart 1(1-6)An introduction to the Mozart effect: the main idea, the original study, and the effect it has had on human life.Part 2( )Part 3( )7-1213A scientific explanation for the so-ca

5、lled Mozart effect based on various studies: brain arousal.Conclusion: a partial refutation of the Mozart effect.Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社 Does Listening to Mozart Really Boost Your Brainpower? (1) You have probably heard of the “Mozart effect”. Its the idea that if children or even

6、 babies listen to music composed by Mozart they will become more intelligent. A quick Internet search reveals plenty of products to assist you in the task. Whatever your age there are CDs and books to help you to harness the power of Mozarts music, but when it comes to scientific evidence that it ca

7、n make you more clever, the picture is more mixed. By Claudia HammondUnit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社 (2) The phrase “Mozart effect” was coined in 1991, but it was a study described two years later in the journal Nature that sparked real media and public interest about the idea that listen

8、ing to classical music somehow improves the brain. It is one of those ideas that sound plausible. Mozart was undoubtedly a genius himself, his music is complex, and there is a hope that if we listen to enough of it, a little of that intelligence might rub off on us. Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社

9、華東師范大學出版社 (3) The idea took off, with thousands of parents playing Mozart to their children, and in 1998 Zell Miller, the Governor of the state of Georgia in the U.S., even asked for money to be set aside in the state budget so that every newborn baby could be sent a CD of classical music. Its not j

10、ust babies and children who were deliberately exposed to Mozarts melodies. When Sergio Della Sala, the psychologist and author of the book Mind Myths, visited a mozzarella farm in Italy, the farmer proudly explained that the buffalos were played Mozart three times a day to help them to produce bette

11、r milk.Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社 (4) Ill leave the debate on the impact on milk yield to farmers, but what about the evidence that listening to Mozart makes people more intelligent? Exactly what was it was that the authors of the initial study discovered that took public imagination

12、 by storm?Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社 (5) When you look back at the original paper, the first surprise is that the authors from the University of California, Irvine are modest in their claims and dont even use the “Mozart effect” phrase in the paper. The second surprise is that it was

13、nt conducted on children at all: it was in fact conducted with those stalwarts of psychological studiesyoung adult students. Only 36 students take part. On three occasions they were given a series of mental tasks to complete, and before each task, they listened either to ten minutes of silence, ten

14、minutes of a tape of relaxation instructions, or ten minutes of Mozarts Sonata for Two Pianos in D major (K. 448).Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社 (6) The students who listened to Mozart did better at tasks where they had to create shapes in their minds. For a short time the students were

15、better at spatial tasks where they had to look at folded up pieces of paper with cuts in them and to predict how they would appear when unfolded. But unfortunately, as the authors make clear at the time, this effect lasts for about fifteen minutes. So its hardly going to bring you a lifetime of enha

16、nced intelligence.Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社 (7) Nevertheless, people began to theorize about why it was that Mozarts music in particular could have this effect. Did the complexity of music cause patterns of cortical firing in the brain similar to those associated with solving spatia

17、l puzzles? (8) More research followed, and a meta-analysis of sixteen different studies confirmed that listening to music does lead to a temporary improvement in the ability to manipulate shapes mentally, but the benefits are short-lived and it doesnt make us more intelligent.Unit one DiscoveryText

18、A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社 (9) Then it began to emerge that perhaps Mozart wasnt so special after all. In 2010 a larger meta-analysis of a greater number of studies again found a positive effect, but that other kinds of music worked just as well. One study found that listening to Schubert was just as good,

19、 and so was hearing a passage read out aloud from a Stephen King novel. But only if you enjoyed it. So, perhaps enjoyment and engagement are key, rather than the exact notes you hear.Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社 (10) Although we tend to associate the Mozart effect with babies and small

20、 children, most of these studies were conducted on adults, whose brains are of course at a very different stage of development. But in 2006 a large study was conducted in Britain involving eight thousand children. They listened either to ten minutes of Mozarts String Quintet in D Major, a discussion

21、 about the experiment, to a sequence of three pop songs: Blurs “Country House”, “Return of the Mack” by Mark Morrison and PJ & Duncans “Stepping Stone”. Once again music improved the ability to predict paper shapes, but this time it wasnt a Mozart effect, but a Blur effect. The children who list

22、ened to Mozart did well, but with pop music they did even better, so prior preference could come into it.Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社 (11) Whatever your musical choice, it seems that all you need to do a bit better at predictive origami is some cognitive arousal. Your mind needs to get

23、 a little more active, it needs something to get it going, and thats going to be whichever kind of music appeals to you. In fact, it doesnt have to be music. Anything that makes you more alert should work just as welldoing a few star jumps5 or drinking some coffee, for instance.Unit one DiscoveryTex

24、t A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社 (12) There is a way in which music can make a difference to your IQ, though. Unfortunately it requires a bit more effort than putting on a CD. Learning to play a musical instrument can have a beneficial effect on your brain. Jessica Grahn, a cognitive scientist at Western Unive

25、rsity in London, Ontario, says that a year of piano lessons combined with regular practice can increase IQ by as much as three points.Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社 (13) So listening to Mozart wont do you or your children any harm and could be the start of a life-long love of classical m

26、usic. But unless you and your family have some urgent imaginary origami to do, the chances are that sticking on a sonata is not going to make you better at anything.Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社compose vt.Vivaldi composed a large number of very fine concertos.1. write (music, opera, etc

27、.) 寫作，創(chuàng)作（樂曲、歌劇等）He started at once to compose a reply to Anna.他馬上開始給安娜寫回信。他馬上開始給安娜寫回信。維瓦爾第創(chuàng)作了很多美妙的協(xié)奏曲。維瓦爾第創(chuàng)作了很多美妙的協(xié)奏曲。3. combine together to form a whole 構(gòu)成（整體）；組成More than 17 million firms compose the business sector of our economy.我們經(jīng)濟中的商業(yè)部門由我們經(jīng)濟中的商業(yè)部門由1,7001,700萬家公司構(gòu)成。萬家公司構(gòu)成。2. write (a poem, spe

28、ech, etc.) 寫（詩、講稿等）Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社reveal vt. The survey revealed that the house was not suitable for living.1. make (facts, etc.) known 使（事實等）顯露出來The curtain opened to reveal the grand prize.大幕拉開，大獎?wù)宫F(xiàn)在眼前。大幕拉開，大獎?wù)宫F(xiàn)在眼前。那所房子經(jīng)調(diào)查表明不適合居住。那所房子經(jīng)調(diào)查表明不適合居住。2. cause or allow (sth.) t

29、o be seen 展現(xiàn)或顯示（某物）Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社harness vt.Turkey plans to harness the waters of the Tigris river for big hydro-electric power projects. control and use the natural force or power of something 控制及利用（自然界的力量）He paid ten dollars for the new harness. 他花十美元買了這件馬具。他花十美元買了這件馬具。

30、土耳其計劃利用底格里斯河的河水建設(shè)大型水利發(fā)電設(shè)施。土耳其計劃利用底格里斯河的河水建設(shè)大型水利發(fā)電設(shè)施。n.equipment consisting of leather straps and saddle and metal fittings by which a horse is controlled and fastened to the cart, plough, etc. that it pulls 馬具（包括皮帶和馬鞍以及金屬器具）Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社Its the idea that if children or e

31、ven babies listen to music composed by Mozart they will become more intelligent. 1. What is the “Mozart effect”?children, listen to music , clever Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社 聽莫扎特的音樂真的有助于智力提高嗎？聽莫扎特的音樂真的有助于智力提高嗎？ (1)你可能聽說過“莫扎特效應(yīng)”。這個觀點認為孩子，甚至是嬰兒如果聽莫扎特譜寫的音樂會變得更加聰明。在網(wǎng)上查一下可以發(fā)現(xiàn)許多能幫你完成這一任務(wù)的東

32、西。無論年齡大小，總有CD和書籍能夠幫助你領(lǐng)會莫扎特音樂的魔力，但是當真的談到莫扎特音樂能夠使你變聰明的科學證據(jù)，情況就變得復雜起來。 克勞迪婭克勞迪婭哈蒙德哈蒙德Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社somehow ad.Somehow we must get to Glasgow.1. in some way; by some means 以某種方式；通過某種途徑Somehow, I dont feel we can trust him. 不知道為什么，我覺得我們不能信任他。不知道為什么，我覺得我們不能信任他。我們得設(shè)法到格拉斯哥去。我們得設(shè)法

33、到格拉斯哥去。2. for a reason that you do not know or understand 由于未知的原因Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社undoubtedly ad.The next few days will be undoubtedly crucial. used for saying that something is certainly true or is accepted by everyone 無疑；必定接下來的幾天無疑是至關(guān)重要的。接下來的幾天無疑是至關(guān)重要的。Unit one DiscoveryTe

34、xt A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社Mozart was undoubtedly a genius himself, his music is complex, and there is a hope that if we listen to enough of it, a little of that intelligence might rub off on us. 2. Why does the Mozart effect seem plausible? Mozart was a genius in music. Its because he is so clever that

35、he could compose such wonderful music. plausible, 似合理的Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社 (2) “莫扎特效應(yīng)”這一術(shù)語創(chuàng)造于1991年，但真正激起媒體和公眾對這一話題興趣的是兩年后自然雜志中的一個相關(guān)研究。該研究認為，聽古典音樂會從某種程度上提高智商。這一觀點聽起來似乎有些道理。莫扎特本人無疑是一個天才，他的音樂變化多端，因此如果聽他的音樂聽得足夠多的話，在智力方面受到一點小的影響倒是不無可能。 Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社budge

36、t n. A new car will not be part of our budget this year.the money that is available to a person or an organization and a plan of how it will be spent over a period of time 預算買一輛新車不在我們今年的預算之內(nèi)。買一輛新車不在我們今年的預算之內(nèi)。Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社Yes, some people believe in it. Thousands of paren

37、ts play Mozart to their children. In 1998 Zell Miller, the Governor of the state of Georgia in the U.S., even asked for money to be set aside in the state budget so that every newborn baby could be sent a CD of classical music. Besides, an Italian mozzarella farmer believed that buffalos would produ

38、ce better milk through listening to Mozart. 3. Do people believe in the Mozart effect? Why? Think about the CDs your parents bought for you, and also any examples of its magic effect.Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社 (3)這個觀點很快傳播開來，成千上萬的父母給他們的孩子放莫扎特的音樂聽。1998年，美國佐治亞州州長澤爾米勒甚至請求設(shè)置專門的財政預算來為每一位新生

39、兒發(fā)放一份古典音樂CD?？桃馊ヂ犇匾魳返牟恢故菋雰汉秃⒆印Ｐ闹堑拿运家粫淖髡?，心理學家瑟吉歐戴拉薩拉曾經(jīng)參觀過一個意大利農(nóng)場，農(nóng)場主驕傲地解釋說他們每天三次給水牛們播放莫扎特的音樂，以便幫助它們產(chǎn)出更好的牛奶。Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社impact n.Tougher environmental laws could have negative impacts on economic growth. 1. an effect (usually powerful) or influence影響；效果Well test the tre

40、mendous impact of the shot.我們將對子彈的巨大沖擊力進行測試。我們將對子彈的巨大沖擊力進行測試。更苛刻的環(huán)境法律會給經(jīng)濟增長造成負面印象。更苛刻的環(huán)境法律會給經(jīng)濟增長造成負面印象。2. the act of one object hitting another; the force with which this happens 撞擊（力）；沖擊（力）Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社initial a.The two countries have taken the initial step toward recon

41、ciliation. of or at the beginning 開始的；最初的兩國已經(jīng)邁出了走向和解的第一步。兩國已經(jīng)邁出了走向和解的第一步。Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社imagination n.His story is beyond the reach of my imagination.the ability to create pictures in ones mind 想象力他的故事超出了我的想象。他的故事超出了我的想象。Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社 (4)暫且不論農(nóng)場

42、主所說的音樂和牛奶產(chǎn)量的理論，但是到底有什么證據(jù)能夠證明聽莫扎特的音樂可以使人變得更加聰明呢？最初做這個研究的作者究竟發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么，引得了公眾后來如此的想象？Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社occasion n.Her dress was too showy for such a formal occasion. a particular time when sth. happens（事情發(fā)生的）時刻，時候，場合在如此正式的場合，她的服裝過分華麗了。在如此正式的場合，她的服裝過分華麗了。Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大

43、學出版社華東師范大學出版社relaxation n.ways of resting and enjoying yourself; time spent resting and enjoying yourself 消遣；松弛；放松Some people take up yoga to aid relaxation.有些人通過練瑜伽來幫助放松。有些人通過練瑜伽來幫助放松。Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社The first surprise is that the authors of the original study from the Uni

44、versity of California, Irvine are modest in their claims and dont even use the “Mozart effect” phrase in the paper. The second surprise is that the experiment wasnt conducted on children at all: it was in fact conducted on young adult students. (Thirdly, the authors made clear at the time, this effe

45、ct lasted for a short period of time.)4.What are the differences between the original study and the public understanding of the so-called Mozart effect? The definiton of Mozart effect: 1. on children; 2. more clever. Was the original study well conducted?Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社 (5

46、)當你回頭審視原來的那篇論文時，第一個讓你吃驚的事實就是美國加州大學埃爾文分校的這幾位作者在陳述自己的觀點時持謹慎的態(tài)度，甚至在論文中他們并沒有使用”莫扎特效應(yīng)”這一提法。第二個令你吃驚的事實是，這個實驗根本不是在兒童身上做的，而是在一些成年學生身上做的這些人是心理研究最常使用的被試者。只有36個學生參加了這個實驗。在3種情況下，他們被要求完成一系列的智力任務(wù)。在每項任務(wù)之前，他們或者是聽一段10分鐘的留白，或者是聽一段10分鐘的放松引導錄音，或者是聽10分鐘的莫扎特D大調(diào)雙鋼琴奏鳴曲（K. 448號作品）。Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社e

47、nhance vt.increase (the good qualities of sb./sth.); make (sb./sth.) look better 增強（某人/某事物的優(yōu)點）；使（某人/某事物）看起來更好；提高；美化 Humor can enhance physical as well as mental well-being. 幽默感能夠增強身心健康。幽默感能夠增強身心健康。Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社 (6)聽了莫扎特音樂的學生更好地完成了那些需要空間想象力的任務(wù)。在短時間內(nèi)，這些學生們更好地完成了對一個被剪過且折疊起來

48、的紙張展開之后的形狀進行預測的任務(wù)。但不幸的是，正如作者當時就指明的，這種效果僅僅持續(xù)了15分鐘左右。因此，想藉此獲得終身的智力提高幾乎是不可能的。Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社nevertheless ad.in spite of sth. that you have just mentioned雖然如此；然而The old system had its flaws, but nevertheless it was preferable to the new one. 舊系統(tǒng)雖然有缺點，但是它仍然比新系統(tǒng)要好一些。舊系統(tǒng)雖然有缺點，但是它

49、仍然比新系統(tǒng)要好一些。Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社confirm vide evidence for the truth or correctness of (a report, an opinion, etc.); establish the truth of 證實；證明；確認I wrote a memorandum to confirm our verbal agreement.我寫了份備忘錄以確認我們的口頭協(xié)議。我寫了份備忘錄以確認我們的口頭協(xié)議。Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范

50、大學出版社temporary a.lasting or intended to last only for a short time; not permanent 暫時的；臨時的He found temporary lodging in Paris. 他在巴黎找到了一個臨時住所。他在巴黎找到了一個臨時住所。Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社 (7)然而，人們開始就為什么是莫扎特的音樂尤其具有這種效果進行理論研究。復雜的旋律是否能夠使大腦皮質(zhì)產(chǎn)生與解決空間難題相關(guān)的類似的效應(yīng)呢？ (8)越來越多的研究接踵而至，一項關(guān)于此話題的16個不同研究的薈萃

51、分析證實，聽音樂確實能夠使空間想象力獲得暫時性的提高，但是這種效果持續(xù)時間不長，也不能使我們變得更加聰明。Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社emerge vi.1. (of facts, ideas, etc.) become known（指事實、意見等）暴露，被知悉Later it emerged that the company had employed illegal immigrants.后來，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)該公司雇傭了非法移民。后來，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)該公司雇傭了非法移民。The rabbit will not emerge from its hol

52、e while you are there.你在那兒，兔子是不會出洞的。你在那兒，兔子是不會出洞的。2. appear or come out from somewhere 出現(xiàn)；露出Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社engagement n.being involved with sb./sth. in an attempt to understand them/it 專注To his delight, his engagement in online learning has brought him great benefits. 使他感到

53、高興的是，他專注于在線學習一事令他收獲頗豐。使他感到高興的是，他專注于在線學習一事令他收獲頗豐。Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社note n.1. a single sound of a particular length and pitch (how high or low a sound is), made by the voice or a musical instrument; the written or printed sign for a musical note（樂器、嗓子等發(fā)出的）單音，鳴聲，音調(diào)，調(diào)；音符My brothe

54、r cant sing a note. 我的兄弟一點也不會唱。我的兄弟一點也不會唱。I made a note of her new address and phone number. 我記下了她的新地址和電話號碼。我記下了她的新地址和電話號碼。2. a short piece of writing to help you remember sth. 筆記Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社One study found that listening to Schubert was just as good, and so was hearing

55、 a passage read out aloud from a Stephen King novel. Another study also showed that children who listened to pop music did even better in predicting paper shapes than those who listened to Mozart.5.Which study proves that Mozart isnt so special in inspiring human beings intelligence?1. Can we listen

56、 to any other musician?2. Can we listen to other type of music or simply some recordings if we want to perform well?Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社 (9)接著，又有觀點猜測可能莫扎特的音樂并無特殊之處。2010年，一項針對多項相關(guān)研究的更大型的薈萃分析再次肯定了某種正面效應(yīng)的存在，但是該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，其它類型的音樂同樣能夠起作用。一項研究表明，聽舒伯特的音樂效果也不錯，甚至聽一段大聲朗誦的斯蒂芬金的小說也一樣有效果。但是，只有你樂

57、在其中才行。因此，最關(guān)鍵的不是你所聽到的確切的音符，而是你在聽音樂的過程中的享受與投入。Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社conduct anize and/or do a particular activity 指揮（某事物）；控制；操縱In order to verify the theorem, we decided to conduct an experiment. 為了驗證這條定理，我們決定做一個試驗。為了驗證這條定理，我們決定做一個試驗。The lawyer was dismissed from his post for

58、 unprofessional conduct.這名律師因其行為違反職業(yè)道德而被解職。這名律師因其行為違反職業(yè)道德而被解職。n.the way someone behaves, especially in public, in their job, etc.（人的）行為；品行Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社 (10)盡管我們總是傾向于把“莫扎特效應(yīng)”與嬰幼兒聯(lián)系在一起，但大多數(shù)此類研究的實驗都是在成年人身上進行的，而后者與前者處于截然不同的智力發(fā)展階段。但是，2006年有一項大型研究是以8000名學生作為被試者的。這些學生或者是傾聽10分鐘的

59、莫扎特D大調(diào)弦樂四重奏，或者是傾聽一段10分鐘的關(guān)于這項實驗的討論，或者是連續(xù)傾聽3首流行歌曲：污跡樂隊的望族之星、馬克莫里森的麥克回來了和PJ&鄧肯的踏腳石。音樂再次增強了被試者對紙張形狀的預測能力，但是這次并不是“莫扎特效應(yīng)”，而是“污跡效應(yīng)”。聽莫扎特音樂的那組兒童任務(wù)完成得不錯，但是聽流行音樂的那組做得更好，因此后者更應(yīng)該獲得優(yōu)先命名權(quán)。Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社predictive a.relating to the ability to show what is going to happen in the futu

60、re 預言性的；預測性的More research is needed to improve the predictive value of the tests. 為了改進這些試驗的預測價值，還需要做更多的研究。為了改進這些試驗的預測價值，還需要做更多的研究。Unit one DiscoveryText A華東師范大學出版社華東師范大學出版社arousal n.a state in which you feel excited or very alert, for example as a result of fear, stress, or anger 激勵；鼓勵；喚醒；激發(fā)That is an area