高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)17 名詞-

1、語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)十七:名詞(一考綱要求名詞應(yīng)掌握以下內(nèi)容:分清名詞的可數(shù)性與不可數(shù)性;可數(shù)名詞有單復(fù)數(shù),有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù);物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞不可數(shù)但可以具體量化使用;名詞所有格和of格的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象;名詞直接作定語(yǔ);國(guó)家名詞的正確使用;名詞詞義的區(qū)分和搭配;單位名詞的搭配;名詞前的修飾語(yǔ)so, as, quite等;time及常考點(diǎn)。(二命題導(dǎo)向名詞的“可數(shù)”與“不可數(shù)”是高考命題的熱點(diǎn)之一。不可數(shù)名詞前不能與不定冠詞連用,之后不能加-s。有些抽象名詞卻有復(fù)數(shù)形式,但意義與原來(lái)詞不同。有些可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)有兩個(gè)意思,一個(gè)與單數(shù)意義相同,另一個(gè)和單數(shù)含義不同,高考中這些含義很可能成為考查的內(nèi)容。詞語(yǔ)的固定搭配及

2、名詞作定語(yǔ)也是高考命題的注意點(diǎn)。(三知識(shí)概要英語(yǔ)的名詞分為專有名詞和普通名詞兩大類。專有名詞是指?jìng)€(gè)人、團(tuán)體、地方、機(jī)構(gòu)或事物等所專有的名稱,它的第一個(gè)字母必須大寫。如:Einstain, Beijing, Asia等。普通名詞是指一類人、一類事物、某種物質(zhì)抽象概念的名稱,可分為:個(gè)體名詞(可數(shù),如:worker, father, book, tree, school等;集體名詞(可數(shù),如:people, family, class, team等;物質(zhì)名詞(不可數(shù),如:iron, paper, snow, water, chalk, gold等;抽象名詞(不可數(shù),如:life, thought,

3、 idea, strength等。注意:可數(shù)、不可數(shù)是英文名詞和中文名詞的一個(gè)重要差異即學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)。而很多英語(yǔ)名詞具有雙重性。即,名詞的類別不是固定不變的,它們會(huì)根據(jù)詞義的變化和場(chǎng)合的不同而相互轉(zhuǎn)換,其名詞類別的轉(zhuǎn)換可歸納如下:1、個(gè)體名詞轉(zhuǎn)抽象名詞或抽象名詞轉(zhuǎn)個(gè)體名詞e.g. Our school is not far from my home.(個(gè)體我們學(xué)校離我家不遠(yuǎn)。School is over at six.(抽象六點(diǎn)鐘放學(xué)。2、物質(zhì)名詞轉(zhuǎn)個(gè)體名詞或個(gè)體名詞轉(zhuǎn)物質(zhì)名詞e.g. He broke a piece of glass.(物質(zhì)他打破了一塊玻璃。He broke a glass.

4、(個(gè)體他打破了一個(gè)杯子。3、個(gè)體名詞轉(zhuǎn)專有名詞e.g. His father is a teacher.(個(gè)體他父親是個(gè)教師?！癢hat are you doing there?” Father asked.(專有“你在那兒干什么?”父親問(wèn)道。(四名詞的數(shù)名詞分為可數(shù)(有單、復(fù)數(shù)形式和不可數(shù)名詞(只有單數(shù)形式。1、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù):一般加s :lesson lessons, pen pens以s, x, ss, ch, sh, o結(jié)尾的加es :buses, boxes, classes, watches, brushes, hero heroes但有些以o結(jié)尾的名詞,是加s構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù):kil

5、o kilos, piano pianos, radio radios, photo photos, zoo zoos以輔音字母 + y 結(jié)尾的改y為i,再加es :city cities, story stories以f 或fe結(jié)尾的,一般將f或fe改為v,再加es :knife knives, leaf leaves但有些以f 結(jié)尾的名詞,是在f后加s,構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)形式:belief beliefs, roof roofs, safe(保險(xiǎn)箱 safes, proof(證據(jù) proofs, chief chiefs, handkerchief handkerchiefs2、有些名詞,不按上述規(guī)

6、則構(gòu)成其復(fù)數(shù)形式,有以下幾種情況:單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同:Chinese, Japanese, deer, sheep不規(guī)則變化:man men, woman women, goose geese, foot feet, tooth teeth, child children, mouse mice, ox oxen。但是,German Germans復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式:editor-in-chief editors-in-chief, daughter-in-law daughters-in-law, grown-up grown-ups, woman teacher women teachers,

7、 man driver men drivers3、注意以下幾個(gè)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)問(wèn)題物質(zhì)名詞一般不用復(fù)數(shù)形式,但有些物質(zhì)名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式來(lái)表示不同的類別,如: fishes各種魚,fruits各種水果,steels各種鋼材。物質(zhì)名詞表示數(shù)量時(shí),一般用表示數(shù)量的短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示。如:a cup of tea, three bags of apples, four pieces of bread。有些抽象名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示不同的含義。如:work(工作works(著作,arm(手臂 arms(軍火,glass(玻璃 glasses(眼鏡,cloth(布 clothes(衣服。定冠詞加上姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示全家人

8、或夫婦二人;姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式前不加冠詞,則表示若干個(gè)姓的人。如:the Wangs王家,three Wangs三個(gè)姓王的。只用作單數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞。如:physics, mathematics, news, the United States有些名詞形似單數(shù),但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如:police, people, cattle有些名詞如被看作整體時(shí)就作單數(shù)用,如被看作組成該集體的各個(gè)成員時(shí)就作復(fù)數(shù)用。如:class, family, couple, audience, government, public有些抽象名詞在具體化時(shí),可以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。表示特指時(shí),可和定冠詞連用;表示“某種”或“一次”意義時(shí)

9、,可和不定冠詞連用。如:How did you smooth away the difficulties? (指各種具體困難;It is a great pleasure to talk with you.;What a surprise!(五名詞的所有格名詞的所有格在句中表示所有關(guān)系,作定語(yǔ)用。1、有生命名詞的所有格一般在詞尾加上“”或“s”。如:Toms bike, Engless (Engles works, a worksschool, Womens Day, the editor-in-chiefs office2、如果一個(gè)事物為兩個(gè)人所有,只在后一個(gè)名詞的詞尾加“s”,如果不是共有

10、,就要在兩個(gè)名詞的詞尾都加上“s”。如:Tom and Mikes room.(共有,Toms and Mikes books. (不共有。3、表示時(shí)間、距離、國(guó)家、城市的無(wú)生命名詞,可以在詞尾加“s”或“”表示所有格,如:todays papers, ten minutes walk4、表示店鋪或某人的家時(shí),常在名詞所有格之后省去shop, house, home。如:the tailors5、無(wú)生命名詞的所在格通常用of短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示。如:the window of the room6、表示有生命的名詞有時(shí)也可用of短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系,而且當(dāng)該名詞帶有較長(zhǎng)的定語(yǔ)時(shí)。如:the teachers

11、 of the No. 1 Middle School.7、雙重所有格結(jié)構(gòu)前的被修飾名詞通常指整體中的部分或一個(gè),雙重所有格只能用于有生命的名詞,這個(gè)名詞是確定的。被修飾名詞前有不定冠詞、指示代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、不定代詞或數(shù)詞等限定詞時(shí),一般只能用雙重所有格。如:an old friend of my uncles, a daughter of Mrs Greens, the house of one of my friends(六名詞的普通格作定語(yǔ)表材料、地點(diǎn)、用途、性質(zhì)、泛指時(shí)間、整體等普通名詞可以作定語(yǔ),一般用單數(shù)形式。e.g. stone figures(石像;paper money(紙幣

12、;country music(鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè);table cloth (桌布;river bank(河岸;school gate(校門口;book stores(書店;traffic lights (交通燈;summer holidays(暑假;evening dress(晚禮服。但在個(gè)別情況下,也有需用復(fù)數(shù)的。e.g. sports meet(運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì);the United States government(美國(guó)政府;students reading-room(學(xué)生閱覽室;goods train(貨車;two men doctors(兩個(gè)男醫(yī)生。練習(xí)、名詞1. The _ of the room

13、were covered with _.A. roofs, leafsB. roofs, leavesC. rooves, leafsD. rooves, leaves2. There are three _ in our factory.A. woman doctorsB. women doctorsC. woman doctorD. women doctor3. Which do you prefer _ or _?A. potatos, tomatosB. potatos, tomatoesC. potatoes, tomatosD. potatoes, tomatoes4. They

14、are _ of different presses(出版社. Now they are having a meeting in one of the _ office.A. editor-in-chiefs, editors-in-chiefsB. editors-in-chief, editor-in-chiefsC. editors-in-chiefs, editors-in-chiefsD. editors-in-chief, editors-in-chiefs5. The ant has two _. A. stomaches B. stomacks C. stomachD. sto

15、machs6. He doesnt like _ for supper. A. chick B. chicken C. chickens D. chicks7. It was _ hot weather that many of us went swimming.A. soB. suchC. so asD. such a8. _ wonderful space they saw on the room!A. HowB. How aC. WhatD. What a9. We know _ travels not so fast as light.A. soundB. soundsC. the s

16、oundsD. a sound10. My family raise a lot of _, including two _.A. cattle, cowsB. cows, cattleC. cattles, cowsD. cow, cattles11. A number of soldiers _ at he camp gate(軍營(yíng)門口.A. have gatheredB. has gatheredC. isD. was12. The Browns have spent a large _ of money on their new car.A. dealB. amountC. numbe

17、rD. size13. _ work has been done to improve the peoples living standard.A. ManyB. A great manyC. A great deal ofD. A number of14. Mr Li shook _ warmly with a friend.A. handB. a handC. handsD. the hands15. Two _, please. A. coffee B. coffees C. cup of coffee D. cups coffee16. I cant pay as _ as he as

18、ked for.A. high price aB. high priceC. a high priceD. higha price17. _ knowledge of space develops rapidly. A. Mans B. Mens C. Mens D. Persons18.I stayed at _. A. Xiao Wangs B. Wangs home C. the Wangs D. home of Wang19. Sister Carrie works in a _ factory. A. shoes B. shoses C. shoe D. shoes20. Have

19、you ever read _?A. today newspaperB. newspaper todayC. newspaper of todayD. todays newspaper21. Two _ walk didnt made me tired. A. hour B. hours C. hoursD. hours22. The mother over there is _ mother.A. Julia and MaryB. Julia and MarysC. Julias and MarysD. Julias and Mary23. Li Mings handwriting is b

20、etter tha n _ in the class.A. anyonesB. anyone elseC. anyones elsesD. anyone elses24. The children are playing _ on the _.A. sand, sandB. sands, sandsC. sand, sandsD. sands,102sand25. If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller _. A. set B. one C. copyD. pair26. Tom usually takes a _ in bus on rain

21、y days. A. walk B. ride C. trip D. travel27. We have no _ about where she has gone.A. informationB. newsC. messageD. flash28. Food and _ are daily necessities(需要for the people.A. clothB. clotheC. clothesD. clothing29. My _ of hearing is not so good as it used to be. A. strength B. sense C. power D.

22、skill30. The _ caused by carelessness _ yesterday. Many workers were killed.A. incident, was happenedB. matter, happenedC. event, was taken placeD. accident, took place31. The room was so quiet that she could hear the _ of her heart.A. beatingB. waysC. knockingD. striking32. _ has been told not to t

23、hrow waste things anywhere.A. The publicB. PeopleC. WomenD. Man33. He was an _ in the government _.A. office, officialB. official, officeC. officer, officeD. official, officer34. There are several _ in this novel who are different in _.A. character, characterB. characters, charactersC. character, ch

24、aractersD. characters, character35. We visited him _ when he was in hospital.103A. every other daysB. each other dayC. every other dayD. every two day36. My friend will return in _.A. one day or twoB. a day or twoC. one day or twoD. a or two days37. _ is always difficult for me.A. TranslationB. Tran

25、slateC. The translationD. A translation38. _ of this novel is excellent, quite to my surprise.A. TranslationB. TranslateC. The translationD. A translation39. The police _ looking into the matter now. A. be B. is C. areD. are going to40. The Chinese are _ brave and hard working people. A. the B. a C.

26、 / D. one41. No news _ good news. A. is B. are C. have D. has42. Maths still _ very difficult for me, though I have done my best.A. looksB. seemsC. isD. are43. “Where _ my trousers?” the boy asked. A. is B. was C. wereD. are44. How happy they are! Obviously, they are _.A. in nice spiritsB. in nice s

27、piritC. in high spiritsD. in high spirit45. I saw many _ seated in the corner reading something.A. JapaneseB. JapanesesC. of JapaneseD. of Japaneses10446. Father went to his doctor for _ about his heart trouble.A. an adviceB. adviceC. advicesD. the advices47. We are _ and they are _. A. Englishmen,

28、GermansB. Englishmen, GermanC. Englishmans, GermansD. Englishmen, Germen48. _ are made of _.A. A glass, a glassB. Glasses, glassC. The glass, the glassD. Glasses, glasses49. Ill have to buy _ trousers. A. a B. two C. a pair ofD. a couple of50. There are two _ in our class. A. Liu B. Lius C. LiusD. L

29、ius51. _ is needed in cold countries.A. A lot of clothesB. Much clothingC. Many a clothD. Lots of clothes52. They are _. A. mathematics student B. mathematic studentsC. students in mathematicsD. mathematics students53. The laboratory assistant recorded the _ reactions(反應(yīng).A. mousesB. miceC. micesD. m

30、ices54. This letter was sent by _.A. my father friendB. my father friendsC. a friend of my fathersD. a friend of my father55. Ten years had passed. I found she had _.A. a little white hairB. some white hairC. a few white hairD. a few white hairs56. I have made _ with Billy. A. friends B. friend C. a

31、 friend105D. the friend57. The population of Beijing is _ than that of Xian. A. more B. larger C. fewer D. small58. There are thirty-two _ in our school.A. woman teacherB. women teacherC. women teachersD. woman teachers59. He had tried everything but it made little_ .A. useB. goodC. differenceD. res

32、ult60. You must get there within half an hour. There should be no_ in sending the blood to the dying man.A. waitB. delayC. timeD. hurry61. Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any_ .A. excuseB. senseC. useD. value62. -How dare you play on such thin ice? -Playing on ice is

33、 not my _of spare time.A. ideaB. thoughtC. mindD.intention63. Helen said she would like to go to Atlanta by air, but I wonder if she has enough money to pay for the_ .A. travelB. tourismC. journeyD. course64. One splendid mountain_ followed another during our journey from Mieheel more to Rurunz.A. v

34、iewB. glanceC. screenD. scene65.The new law will come into _on the day it is passed. (1999上海A. effectB. useC. serviceD. existence10666. When you play' football, what _do you play? A. situation B. place C. part D. position 67. It's important for us to employ a word or a phrase according to th

35、e_in language studies. A. situation B. expression C. condition D. translation 68. I wrote him a letter to show my _of his thoughtfulness. A. achievement B. agreement C. view D. appreciation 69. One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high-rise is that you can get a good_ . A. sight B.

36、scene C. view D. look 70. Nowadays natural gas, wind and other forms of _are widely used in the country. A. energy B. force C. power D. materials 71. _with foreign countries can bring us much information about the world. A. Contrast Combination 72. We all know that_speak louder than words. A. moveme

37、nts B. performances C. operations D. actions B. Competition C. Contact D. 73.We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into _.(NMET1997 38 A. fact B. reality C. practice D. deed 74.We've missed the last bus. I'm afraid we have no _but to take a taxi.(Met 1993 ,33 A. way selection 75.He dropped