河北省唐山市豐潤(rùn)區(qū)2016高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解好信息匹配暑假自練（11）

1、河北省唐山市豐潤(rùn)區(qū)2016高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解好信息匹配暑假自練（11）閱讀理解?！癊xperience may possibly be the best teacher, but it is not a particularly good teacher.” You might think that Winston Churchill or perhaps Mark Twain spoke those words, but they actually come from James March, a professor at Stanford University and a pioneer i

2、n the field of organization decision making. For years March( possibly be wisest philosopher of management) has studied how humans think and act, and he continues to do so in his new book The Ambiguities of Experience. He begins by reminding us of just how firmly we have been sticking to the idea of

3、 experiential learning :“Experience is respected；experience is sought；experience is explained.” The problem is that learning from experience involves（涉及）serious complications（復(fù)雜化），ones that are part of the nature of experience itself and which March discusses in the body of this book.In one interest

4、ing part of book，for example，he turns a double eye toward the use of stories as the most effective way of experiential learning. He says “The more accurately（精確的）reality is presented，the less understandable the story，and the more understandable the story, the less realistic it is.”Besides being a br

5、oadly knowledgeable researcher. March is also a poet, and his gift shines though in the depth of views he offers and the simple language he uses. Though the book is short, it is demanding；Dont pick it up looking for quick, easy lessons. Rather, be ready to think deeply about learning from experience

6、 in work and life.( ) 1. According to the text, James March is _. A. a poet who uses experience in his writingB. a teacher who teachers story writing in universityC. a researcher who studies the way humans think and actD. a professor who helps organizations make important decisions( ) 2. According t

7、o James March, experience _. A. is overvalued B. is easy to explainC. should be actively sought D. should be inactively sought( ) 3. What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A. Experience makes stories more accurate.B. Stories made interesting fail to fully present the truth.C. The use of stories is the

8、best way of experiential learning.D. Stories are easier to understand when reality is more accurately described.( ) 4.Whats the purpose of this text? A. To introduce a book. B. To describe a researcher.C. To explain experiential learning. D. To discuss organizational decision making.【答案與解析】【要點(diǎn)綜述】文章介

9、紹了James March所著的一本名為The Ambiguities of Experience書(shū)。本書(shū)針對(duì)人們生活中過(guò)分依賴經(jīng)驗(yàn)這一現(xiàn)象作了分析實(shí)際上是告誡人們不可高估經(jīng)驗(yàn)的作用。1C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)首段“For years March( possibly be wisest philosopher of management) has studied how humans think and act,”可知。2A 推理判斷題。根據(jù)首段第一句及第2段“The problem is that learning from experience involves（涉及）serious comp

10、lications（復(fù)雜化），.”可得知March認(rèn)為人們高估了經(jīng)驗(yàn)的作用。3B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第3段“The more accurately（精確的）reality is presented，the less understandable the story，and the more understandable the story, the less realistic it is.”可判斷正確答案為B。4A 推理判斷題。此題判斷作者的寫作意圖。從首段最末一句“he continues to do so in his new book The Ambiguities of Experien

11、ce.”及末段“Though the book is short, it is demanding；Dont pick it up looking for quick, easy lessons.”可推斷出本文是介紹March所著的這本書(shū)。 閱讀理解。If a diver surfaces too quickly，he may suffer the bends.Nitrogen(氮)dissolved(溶解)in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure.The consequence，if the bubbles

12、(氣泡)accumulate in a joint，is sharp pain and a bent bodythus the name.If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain，the consequence can be death.Other airbreathing animals also suffer this decompression (減壓) sickness if they surface too fast：whales, for example.And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs.That

13、 these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones.If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply.This kills the cells in the bone，and consequently weakens it，sometimes to the point of collapse.Fossil(化石) bones that have caved in on themselves are th

14、us a sign that the animal once had the bends.Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past.What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompre

15、ssion over the 150 million years.To this end, he and his colleagues traveled the worlds naturalhistory museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younge

16、r fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression.Instead，he was astonished to discover the opposite.More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died，but not a single Triassic specimen(標(biāo)本)showed evidence of that sort of

17、injury.If ichthyosaurs did evolve an antidecompression means, they clearly did so quicklyand, most strangely, they lost it afterwards.But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened.He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.Whales that suffer the bends often do so becau

18、se they have surfaced to escape a predator (捕食動(dòng)物)such as a large shark.One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles，both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches.Triassic oceans，by contrast，were mercifully shark and crocodilefree.In the Triassic, then, icht

19、hyosaurs were top of the food chain.In the Jurassic and Cretaceous，they were prey(獵物)as well as predatorand often had to make a speedy exit as a result.61Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?AA twisted body.BA gradual decrease in blood supply.CA sudden release of nitrogen in bloo

20、d.DA drop in blood pressure.62The purpose of Rothschilds study is to see _Ahow often ichthyosaurs caught the bendsBhow ichthyosaurs adapted to decompressionCwhy ichthyosaurs bent their bodiesDwhen ichthyosaurs broke their bones63Rothschilds finding stated in Paragraph 4 _Aconfirmed his assumption Bs

21、peeded up his research processCdisagreed with his assumption Dchanged his research objectives64Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs _.Afailed to evolve an antidecompression meansBgradually developed measures against the bendsCdied out because of large sharks and crocodilesDevolved an an

22、tidecompression means but soon lost it【要點(diǎn)綜述】 本篇為科普說(shuō)明文，講述魚(yú)龍患減壓病的原因和后果。Dr Rothschild通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)推翻了關(guān)于魚(yú)龍進(jìn)化的一些猜測(cè)。61A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)the bends可定位到首段。由“The consequenceis sharp pain and a bent bodythus the name.”可知答案，a bent body和a twisted body是同義轉(zhuǎn)換。由第二句的“Nitrogen dissolved in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reducti

23、on of pressure.”可知，這是說(shuō)the bends的形成原因，故C、D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)，而B(niǎo)項(xiàng)文章沒(méi)有提及。62B推理判斷題。題干中的關(guān)鍵詞是Rothschilds study，由此可定位到第三段的前兩句。根據(jù)“to find out how widespread the problem was in the pastto investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression”可知答案為B。63C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“he assumed that signs of the bends would b

24、e rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression.Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite.”可知，Rothschild的假設(shè)結(jié)論與在研究過(guò)程中得出的結(jié)果是相反的，故選C項(xiàng)。64A推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段可知，Rothschild認(rèn)為魚(yú)龍?jiān)谶M(jìn)化過(guò)程中反減壓方式進(jìn)化失敗，故選A項(xiàng)。 【重慶市南開(kāi)中學(xué)2014高考英語(yǔ)二診考試】 請(qǐng)閱讀下列短文，從每篇短文后所給各題的A，B，C，D四個(gè)

25、選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。In December of l 992I was a happy husband and father of two young childrenA month later，I was diagnosed with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia(急性白血病)After two years of chemo(化療)that helped control the disease，my body was weak and lifelessI felt as if I were a puppet who needed help to lift his

26、 arms or hold up his headI began to runAfter six months my strength had come backOn one of my runs，one where I felt I could run forever，I decided I was going to try to run a marathonAfter telling my Dad about my plan，he told me of a program that trains people to run a marathon，while raising funds fo

27、r Leukemia research at the same timeSo that summer，through the Leukemia Societys Team in Training program，I started to train for the Marine Corps MarathonDuring mile after mile of uncertainty，the day finally came to run the marathonOn October 27，1996，at 8 AM，along with l9,000 other brave souls I sta

28、rted on a 26.2-mile journey that I will never forgetI first saw my wife Patty at the six-mile mark . She seemed happy that I was still looking as if I knew what I was doing，and having a good time doing itAt Mile l7，my mind was going back to those two horrible years that tried to bring my family and

29、me downI saw her againThe concern in her face told me she knew I was starting to struggleI felt as if we were thinking the same，nine more miles and these last few years will be behind usThat thought alone pulled me forwardMile 22，23，slowing but going，24，25，then there it wasThe Iwo Jima War MemorialI

30、 have seen nothing so grand and inspiring in my lifeThree hours and forty-one minutes after I started，I crossed what I think has to be the most fitting finish line in all of road racing!That night the Leukemia Society gave me a pin at a post-race party that simply says，“Leukemia 26.2”If God wills，my

31、 cancer may once again take away my hair and my strength，maybe even my lifeBut it can never take away my pin，or the fact that I am a marathoner .36The writer decided to run a marathon because _ . Ahe wanted to raise money for Leukemia research Bhe believed he was able to take the challenge Che hoped

32、 to recover his strength through training Dhis dad knew about the race and made the suggestion37Which statement is RIGHT about the writer? AHe has always been dreaming of becoming a marathoner BThe training he took that summer well prepared him for the race CThose running in the race were mostly Leu

33、kemia patients like him . DHis wife was with him during the marathon to give him support38Why does the writer think the finish line is the most fitting?ABecause running a marathon is the most suitable sport for himBBecause the memorial is the most powerful construction he has seenCBecause he conside

34、rs it a victory over his disease to finish the raceDBecause 26.2 miles is the most reasonable distance for road racing39Which of the following can best describe the writer? AOptimistic and outspokenBStrong-willed and determined CGenerous and easy-goingDBrave and warm-hearted【參考答案】3639、BDCB 閱讀理解In to

35、days throwaway society，dealing with the citys growing mountain of waste is an increasing challenge for the city council(市議會(huì))Recently, Edinburgh is faced with the problem of disposing of(處理)about 250,000 million tons of waste a year. Despite different ways to dispose of much of it in a green mannerla

36、rgely through encouraging recyclingits aging facilities such as the Powderhall landfill do not have the ability to deal with it.The European Union(EU) has issued a new policy，regulating how such mountains of waste are to be disposed of.The five councils (Edinburgh，East Lothian, West Lothian，Midlothi

37、an and Borders) face fines around 18 million a year from 2013 if they dont increase recycling levels and rely less on landfill.With this in mind，the councils got together with the idea of building a large incinerator plant (垃圾焚燒廠)to burn half of the waste produced in their districts.But this plan fe

38、ll apart after the change of target levels by a new UK government waste policy which required that no more than 25% of the citys waste should be disposed of in this way by 2025.After the plan was abandoned，a private company which already transported millions of tons of the citys waste by train to a

39、landfill site near Dunbar，offered an alternative solution when it suggested opening a huge waste site near Portobello.Since Powderhall is supposed to close in 2015，it seemed necessary for the members of the Edinburgh Council to accept the suggestion.But soon they turned it downafter 700 local object

40、ions reached thembecause it would have meant hundreds of lorries a day making loud noise through heavily populated areas.That still leaves the council with a problem.By 2013，only 50% of 1995 levels of waste will be allowed to be sent to landfill.Even if recycling targets are met，there will still be

41、a large amount of rubbish to be burnt up.Due to this，Edinburgh and Midlothian councils have now decided to work together to build an incinerator plant as time to find a solution is fast running out.回收利用曾是最綠色的垃圾處理方式。 但是，這種處理方法卻不能短時(shí)間內(nèi)滿足歐盟對(duì)于及時(shí)解決廢物的政策需求，因此，在回收利用的同時(shí)，他們還是得重建一所大型的垃圾焚燒廠。1The main way of han

42、dling waste in a green manner in Edinburgh is _.Arecycling BrestoringCburying Dburning答案：A。細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。第二段中的信息詞“l(fā)argely through encouraging recycling”可以斷定選項(xiàng)A的說(shuō)法是與原文保持一致的。2The five councils worked out a plan to build an incinerator plant to _.Areduce the cost of burying waste Bmeet the EU requirements Cspe

43、ed up waste recyclingDreplace landfill sites答案：B。細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。在第三個(gè)段落的開(kāi)頭提到了“The EU has issued a new policy.”便可以斷定他們制定這個(gè)處理垃圾的計(jì)劃也正是這個(gè)政策的出臺(tái)，所以與選項(xiàng)B的說(shuō)法是相符合的。3The city council of Edinburgh rejected the suggestion to open a huge landfill site near Portobello because _.Ait came from a private company Bthe council w

44、as not interested in it Cit was not supported by EUDthe local people were against it答案：D。細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“.700 local objections reached them.”，可以斷定市民是反對(duì)的。4What is the final decision of Edinburgh and Midlothian councils? ATo open a new landfill nearby.BTo close the Powderhall landfill in 2015.CTo se

45、t up a plant for burning waste.DTo persuade people to reduce their waste.答案：C。細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句話中的“set up an incenerator plant”，即：建一個(gè)垃圾焚燒廠，就可以斷定，選項(xiàng)C與本信息句是相吻合的?！?014黑龍江哈爾濱第六中學(xué)四?！浚ü?小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。I live in Japan, where electronic items are a way of life, so it is

46、 no surprise that many students carry these little electronic dictionaries. E-dictionaries may be lighter and compacter(簡(jiǎn)潔的) than any paper dictionary. 71 However, to me, these are pretty much the limits to their advantages. I think e-dictionaries should be limited in their use in classrooms. 72 E-d

47、ictionaries are much more expensive. In Japan, they cost as little as 10,000 yen (US $100) or as much as 40,000 yen, depending on how many functions you want and depending on how fashionable you are. My trusty Random House paper dictionaries is copyrighted in 1995, cost me a mere US $12.95 plus tax.

48、E-dictionaries are more fragile. Drop your paper dictionary. Go ahead. Hold it above your 【參考答案】7175、BGDCA【2014界黑龍江省哈三中高三上第三次驗(yàn)收考試】(共5小題;每小題2分,滿分10分) 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 As we get older, most of us worry about grey hair, wrinkles and maintaining a youthful body. 71 Here, Mr. Rubin, a voice expert, reveals how to keep your voice youthful. Drink more fluid and avoid spicy food You need water for the vocal cords(聲帶) to vibrate well. The body must keep absorbing en