閱讀技巧訓(xùn)練2概括主題

1、閱讀技巧訓(xùn)練（二）歸納概括主題 ( Title and Main Idea ) 歸納概括中心主旨的題目是高考必考題目，考查考生通過閱讀理解, 總結(jié)歸納，找出文章中心意思的能力。 要做好這類題考生必須區(qū)分主要信息和次要信息；既看到樹木,更看到森林；要跳出一詞一句，而俯瞰全文；要通讀全文，通篇理解。 找出主題句(topic sentence) 是一個有用的方法。 中心意思(main idea)通常是一個完整的句子，它應(yīng)能全面準(zhǔn)確地概括文章的中心主旨；最佳題目(the best title)可以是一個短語詞組，它除能概括文章的中心主旨外，還有吸引讀者，引發(fā)閱讀興趣的任務(wù)。 除常見的提問以外，這種題型

2、的提問方式還有： The main point of the passage is . The passage deals mainly with . The passage is about . What does the passage mainly discuss? What is the authors main purpose ? Paragraph 1 Wouldnt it be terrible if, we didnt have grass? We would have to walk on bare soil. Can you guess what our playgroun

3、ds would look like? On a rainy day we would get all muddy. On a dry day we would breathe clouds of dust.1. The story mainly tells _.A. why we need rain B. how grass is kept greenC. how grass helps us D. without grass we would have to walk on bare soilParagraph 2 Rats are still almost as big a danger

4、 to people as they were long ago. They still spread disease and eat crops. Much of the hunger we have today is caused by rats. They eat half of the grain harvested in the world.2. From the passage we know _.A. why rats are an enemy of people B. how rats destroy our foodC. why rats cause disease D. w

5、hy rats were dangerous to people long ago Paragraph 3 Some supermarkets have a special way of getting people to come to the bakery counters. Sometimes they spray a cake smell into the air. At other times they spray the fresh smell of baking bread. These smells are enough to make people s mouths wate

6、r. The customers then race madly to the counter to buy cake, bread, rolls , and other baked goods!3. The main idea of the paragraph is _.A. what cake smells like B. why bakeries make moneyC. how people are attracted to bakery counters D. what bakery counters in supermarkets sell Paragraph 4 The Manh

7、attan (New York City) telephone book is one of the largest of its kind in the nation. About 1,500, 000 copies of this book are printed each -year. To make the paper of the books, 43, 000 trees are cut down. There are twenty-six columns of Smiths and twenty-three of Browns. If all the copies of this

8、book were stacked on top of each other, they would make a pile forty miles high. 4. The subject of the paragraph is _.A. what the Manhattan phone book is like B. where the Manhattan book is printedC. how many telephones are there in New York D. who printed the first phone book Paragraph 5 The word W

9、aterloo has become a synonym for defeat-total defeat and complete disaster. Waterloo, a town in Belgium, was the scene of a battle in 1851 that brought overwhelming defeat to Napoleon Bonaparte s French Army. At stake were the whole continent of Europe and Napoleon s dream of an empire. In a few day

10、s over forty thousand French soldiers died. With their deaths a new word for disaster was born Waterloo. 5. The subject of the paragraph is _.A. where Waterloo is B. who named WaterlooC. why Napoleon and the French Army were defeated at WaterlooD. how the word Waterloo came to mean defeat Paragraph

11、6 What are the tallest plants in the world? Many people would say that giant redwood trees of California. Actually, the tallest plants are in the oceans. These are seaweeds that grow almost seven hundred feet tall. Compared to this height, the giant redwoods are pygmies of only four hundred feet. To

12、 get some idea of these heights, consider the Statue of Liberty. This huge figure rises only three hundred feet. 6. The passage can be entitled _.A. Redwoods in California B. The Statue of LibertyC. Seaweed D. The Tallest PlantsParagraph 7 We think of a flood or an earthquake as a natural disaster.

13、To many of nature s animals, however, the greatest disaster is the coming of large numbers of humans. When settlers came from the East to America s great western plains, they killed millions of bison, poisoned the prairie dogs, and shot the coyotes. All this upset the areas balance of nature. For th

14、e animals, it was worse than a flood or earthquake.7. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Nature Balance Itself B. Floods and EarthquakesC. American Settlers D. Humans-a Disaster to Nature Paragraph 8 At this time the state of South Carolina was having hard times. Year after

15、year the soil had been planted to the same crop. It was farmed by uneducated and careless slaves, and the planters knew little about soil conservation. Because the soil was beginning to wear out, crops were smaller. The younger people were not satisfied to raise cotton on the poor soil of the old So

16、uth. Many of them moved westward and started cotton plantations (種植園) in Alabama and Mississippi. What was more, so much cotton had been shipped to factories in England and New England that they had as much cotton as they could use. This brought the price of cotton down. More and more slaves were ne

17、eded to work on the new and large plantations, and higher and higher prices were demanded for them. Planters found their expenses rising and their incomes from the sale of cotton reduced. Hard times had come to South Carolina.8. The subject of this passage is _.A. economic (經(jīng)濟的) difficulties of Sout

18、h CarolinaB. that the planters knew nothing about farmingC. that the soil in South Carolina was not goodD. the causes of hard times in South Carolina 9. Which of the following sentences can summarize (概括) the main idea of the passage?A. Hard times had come to South Carolina.B. Planters found their e

19、xpenses rising and their incomes from the sale of cotton reduced.C. The soil was farmed by uneducated and careless slaves.D. More and more slaves were needed to work on the new and large plantations. Paragraph 9 When a piece of paper burns, it is completely changed. The ash that is left behind does

20、not look like the original piece of paper. When dull-red rust appears on a piece of tinware (錫制品), it is quite different from the gleaming tin. The tarnish that forms on silverware is a new substance unlike the silver itself. Animal tissue (組織) is unlike the vegetable substance from which it is made

21、. A change in which the original substance is turned into a different substance is called a chemical change.10. The author writes this passage to tell us _.A. how paper burns B. that dull-red on tinware is unlike tin itselfC. that animal tissue is different from plants D. what a chemical change isPa

22、ragraph 10 One of the most important weapons used during the Second World War was not a weapon used against people, but rather a drug used against disease. The wartime use of penicillin saved thousands of lives. In the First World War, for example, pneumonia was responsible for eighteen percent of a

23、ll the deaths in the United States army. In the Second World War, the rate went down to less than one percent. In addition, penicillin was instrumental in keeping wounds from getting infected and in helping to speed the healing process of those wounds that did become infected. 11. which of the follo

24、wing would be the best title for the passage?A. A Dangerous Weapon B. Guns in the Second World WarC. A Terrible Pneumonia D. An Important DrugParagraph 11 Mr. Brown, a shopkeeper, was going to count the day s cash takings. There was more than 300 in notes. He was about to put them in a bag. He heard

25、 a sound. A door at the back of the room was opening. A voice shouted Dont shout. Dont look round. I have a gun. Mr. Brown stood still. The voice went on, Drop that bag and the notes. Go and stand in the corner beside the safe. Keep quite still. Remember, I have a gun. Mr. Brown was frightened. He o

26、beyed all the robber s orders. The robber picked up the notes and was about to go out by the door at the back of the room. It was a quarter past six. John Taylor arrived outside that very same back door. He raised his hand and was about to knock. At that very moment the robber opened the door. He wa

27、s frightened to see John there. He lost his head. He became panic-stricken. He tried to push his way past John. But John was suspicious. He blocked the robber s way. There was a fight. Mr. Brown heard the fight. He forgot his fear, turned round and rushed from his corner. He threw both his arms roun

28、d the robber. This pinned the robber s arms to his sides so he could not use his gun. At the same moment John struck the robber hard in the stomach and knocked all the breath out of his body. The robber fell to the ground in a pile. He still held the notes but his gun fell on the floor and John quic

29、kly picked it up. All was now over. Soon the police arrived.12. The main idea of this passage is _.A. a robber robbed a shop B. Mr. Brown and Mr. Taylor fought against a robberC. None but the brave can win victory D. John Taylor was a brave manParagraph 12 Sometimes people call each other scared-cat

30、, but have you ever thought about this expression? When a cat is frightened, its heart starts beating faster, its muscles get tense, and there are changes in the chemicals in its bloodstream. Although the cat doesnt realize this, its body is getting ready for action. If the danger continues, the ani

31、mal will do one of two things. It will defend itself, or it will run away as fast as it can. Something like this also happens to people. When we are excited, angry, scared, or aroused by other emotions (feelings), our bodies go through many physical changes. Our hearts beat faster, and our muscles g

32、et tense. All of these changes make us more alert and ready to react. We, too, get ready to defend ourselves or run. Human beings, however, have a problem that animals never face. If we give way to our feelings and let them take over, we can get into trouble. Have you ever said something in angeror

33、hit somebodyand regretted it later? Have you ever shouted at a teacher, told somebody you were lonely, or said you were in love, and then wished later you had kept your mouth shut? It isnt always wise to express your feelings freely. Does this mean that its smarter always to hide our feelings? No! If you keep feelings of anger, sadness, and bitterness hidden away or bottled up inside, your body stays tense. Physical illness can develop, and you can feel churned up inside. It can actually be bad for your health.