【2019-2020】高考英語一輪基礎(chǔ)練Unit7TheSea(含解析)北師大版必修3

1、1 / 11 【2019-2020】高考英語一輪基礎(chǔ)練 Unit7TheSea （含解析）北師大 版必修3 李仕才 I閱讀理解 A Vinegar makes salad, fries and dumplings taste better, and you can even use it to clean your windows. And now, according to scientists, it may even the planet s populatio n survive climate cha nge. Researchers from the RIKENCe nter fo

2、r Susta in able Resource Science （CSRS） in Japa n found that grow ing pla nts in vin egar makes them more resista nt to droughts. This could mean that in the future, worries about climate cha nge affect ing the worl d s supply of food will be much lower. The discovery was made after the researchers

3、studied the Arabidopsis, a pla nt known for its ability to survive in dry weather. It was found that whe n the pla nt was placed in drought-like con diti on s, it produced a chemical called acetate （醋酸鹽） It s hoped that this simple method of survival could soon be used to help farmers in dry countri

4、es keep their crops alive. In the experiment, we targeted the staple foods of the world rice, wheat and maize and the basic pla nt of breedi ng species, rapeseed （油菜籽），” Jong Myong Kim, co-author of the study, told Popular Science magaz ine. 1. What is the article mainly about? A. The world s food s

5、upply will be in creased. B. Pla nts better survive droughts. C. The Arabidopsis is resista nt to droughts. D. Vin egar could be used to fight droughts. 2.It was discovered that acetate can _ A. be used by farmers to replace soil B. only be produced by the Arabidopsis2 / 11 C. help pla nts survive d

6、ry con diti ons D. be used to improve poor soil 3. What are the target pla nts of the experime nt? A. all breed ing species. B. wheat and Arabidopisis. C. rice and maize. D. rapeseed and Arabidopisis. 4. Jong Myong Kim s experiment of trying out the method A. can make people s trips pl easant B. tur

7、 ned out a worldwide success C. is as simple as pouri ng vin egar over the pla nts 【文章大意】 本文屬于科普類文章。醋不僅使食物味道更好，還可以用它來清潔你的窗 戶。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)醋中生長的植物，使它們更耐干旱。 1. D 【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知本文主要講述了醋能讓植物在干旱的環(huán)境中生存， 即能抗擊干旱，故選 Db 工c 解析推理判斷題根擔第二段最才強噸血 腮靄專a違龍應(yīng)m田1嗣）ftriB咖期 to sunive in dy 吧瓷 athen 1 was fbund that when the plant

8、 priced in drought-! ike conditions, i produced a chemical called acetate （酉昔酸鹽） 一 the main component 廿 f vintgar *及第三段 Py adding acerate to the sojl of other plants：had survtv V分析可知研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn) Arabidopiis 中的主要成分 Anbkkp 金肓 gU植物在干旱的條件卩生存，故選 3. C 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的In the experime nt, we targeted the staple

9、foods of the world rice, wheat and maize and the basic pla nt of breedi ng species, rapeseed, ”可知在實驗中，主要針對大米，小麥和玉米等。故選 C。 4. D 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的第一句分析本句可知 Kim 已與對此感興趣的花 卉種植公司聯(lián)系，也就是吸引這些公司。故選 Do 眨眼)less ofte n whe n 3 / 11 He says ano ther part of the problem is that people bli nk( A pers on who uses

10、an electro nic device bli nks about one third as much as we normally do in everyday life.And that can result in the front part of the eye drying and not stay ing protected like no rmal. ” Eye doctors offer suggestions like the following which is known as the 20/20/20 rule.That meansevery twenty minu

11、tes look away twenty feet or more for at least twenty seconds from whatever device you re using. Other suggestions include putting more distanee between you and the device and using good light in g.Of course, ano ther way is to spe nd less time look ing at scree ns.Ma ny experts say childre n should

12、 spe nd no more tha n two hours a day using digital devices with no scree n time for childre n un der two. But not all eye doctors have no ticed an in crease in problems in childre n.Dr.David Hun ter, from Bost on Childre n s Hospital, has not see n an in crease in his prac tice. “ While it is possi

13、ble to develop fatigue look ing at scree ns for a long period of time, there s certainly no proof that it actually causes any damage to the eyes ，” he says. 【解題導(dǎo)語】 本文講述了孩子們每天花幾個小時看電腦和其他數(shù)碼設(shè)備， 一些眼科醫(yī) 生說這樣會增加“電腦視覺綜合癥”患者的數(shù)量。 1. Which of the following is true according to the passage? B. People keep their

14、 eyes protected against drying by blinking normally. C. Children under two can watch TV for less than two hours a day. D. Dr.David Hun ter says headaches cause an in crease in eye problems. B 解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“ A person who uses an electro nic dev ice blinks about one third as much as we normally do

15、in everyday life.And that can result in the front part of the eye drying and not stay ing protected like no rmal ” 可知， 一個使用電腦或者其他數(shù)碼產(chǎn)品的人眨眼的次數(shù)是我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪姓ＵＱ鄞螖?shù)的三分之 一，眨眼能夠防止眼睛干燥，保護眼睛。故選 Bo 2. The syndrome in children is more likely serious than in adults because A. adults are cleverer than children B. adu

16、lts ignore taking care of children C. children always overlook early warning sig ns D. children always forget their p arents words they use digital devices.He says, 4 / 11 C 解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“ Dr.Bo nilla-W arford says part of the problem is that children may be more likely to pay no attention to ear

17、ly warning signs than adults. ”可知，驗光師 Bonilla-Warford 說兒童比成年人的電腦視力綜合癥情 況嚴重是因為兒童往往比成年人更容易忽略其早期的癥狀。故選 C。 3 What does the und erlined word “ fatigue ” mean in the last parag raph? A Interest. BAbility. C Tiredness. D Difficulty. C 解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后面的“ looking at screens for a long period of time ”可知，長時間盯

18、著屏幕看會造成視覺疲勞，但是沒有證據(jù)表明它會對眼睛造成損傷。 fatigue 意為“疲勞”。故選 C。 4 What can be the best title for the passage? A Looking at Screens: Two Hours or More B How Can Children Use Their Eyes Properly C Using Digital Devices: Advantages and Disadvantages D How Much Screen Time Is Proper for Children D 解析： 標題歸納題。 本文講述了孩

19、子們每天花幾個小時看電腦和其他數(shù)碼設(shè)備， 一 些眼科醫(yī)生說這樣會增加“電腦視覺綜合癥”患者的數(shù)量。 眼科醫(yī)生推薦了 20/20/20 規(guī)則： 每隔 20 分鐘看 20 英尺外或更遠的地方至少 20 秒鐘。故選 D 項作標題最恰當。 C （效率） ,less reliance on fossil （化石 ） fuels, and a reduction in air and water pollution. Most scientists agree that such changes are necessary to protect our environment from further h

20、arm. The construction industry consumes a large quantity of energy and resources and creates a huge amount of pollution. In the United States, building and development account for 39%of the country s total energy use, 12%of total water consumption,68% of total electricity consumption and 38%of carbo

21、n dioxide emissions （二氧化碳排放） , according to the Environment Protection Agency. Green buildings use less energy, water, create less waste, and are healthier to live, work, and go to school in than standard buildings. Builders of green buildings use techniques that use resources more efficiently durin

22、g the entire building cycle construction, restoration, operation, maintenance （維護） and demolition （拆 毀） than those who construct more regular buildings. The environmental benefits of building green include the protection of ecosystems （生態(tài)系統(tǒng)） and biodiversity, improved air and water quality, less was

23、te flowing into 5 / 11 streams, and the protection of natural resources. Green buildings can also result in lower operating costs because they typically use less energy and fewer materials and improve indoor air quality, improving the health of people who live in such buildings. The process of build

24、ing green includes technical and artistic planning with nature protection in mind. Building designs often reflect the surrounding environment and natural resources and use renewable building materials such as bamboo and straw. In addition, recycled resources found locally are used for green building

25、s, reducing the cost and air pollution associated with transporting materials over long distances. Careful site selection is important to minimize （最小化） human impact on the surrounding environment. For example, placing a structure in an area that allows it to take adva ntage of cool breezes （微風(fēng)）and

26、sun light can reduce en ergy use and expe nses. More energy and expense are needed for larger buildings as well, so it is important to build small. Other features of green buildings often include energy and water conservation, recycling, and waste reduction. In addition, renewable energy sources suc

27、h as solar power, hydropower （水能）and wind power are used for heat and electricity, which greatly reduces costs and decreases the impact on the environment. 1. What is the text mainly about? A. The necessity of promoting energy efficiency. B. The process of building green buildings. C. The benefits a

28、nd features of green buildings. D. Green buildings effects on the environment. 2. According to the text, green buildings refer to the buildings that _. A. produce no waste B. only use clean energy C. are made of recycled materials D. use energy and resources more efficiently 3. Which of the followin

29、g statements is TRUE about green buildings? A. They rely on fossil fuels and solar power for heat and electricity. B. Small build ings are less efficie nt in en ergy use tha n larger on es. C. The ecosystem has to be con sidered whe n buildi ng a gree n buildi ng. 6 / 11 D. They are difficult to mai

30、ntain and thus need more operating costs. 4. Why are gree n roofs used ? A. They fit the surrounding environment well B. They are cheaper tha n other kinds of roofs C. They can keep n atural water for use in everyday life D. They can help to control the temperature in the building well 【文章大意】在本文中作者主

31、要分析了 gree n buildi ng 的諸多好處和對環(huán)境的巨大的保 護作用，呼吁人們多建設(shè)這樣的綠色的建筑。 1.C 【解析】主旨大意題。本文第三段中 Green buildings use less energy, water, create less waste, and are healthier to live, work, or go to school in tha n sta ndard buildi ngs. Gree n build ings use resources more properly duri ng the en tire buildi ng cycle

32、tha n traditi onal buildi ng. 禾口倒數(shù)第二段第一句 Green roofs are ano ther feature of green houses that reduce energy use and cost. 倒數(shù)第一段第 一句 Other features of green buildings often include energy and water con servati on, recycli ng, and waste reduction. 可知本文主要講述的是 Green buildi ngs 的很多的好處和特征。故 C 正確。 2D 【解析】

33、細節(jié)理解題 根摒第二段中珈 of geen buildngs use tEclmiques that use resource more efficiently dufing the entire building cycle 可張瞬色建筑指的是更有效地剎用育潮和資源的建筑物故 選D& 3. C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句 The environmental benefits of building green include the protection of ecosystems （生態(tài)系統(tǒng)） and biodiversity, improved air and water

34、 quality, less waste flow ing into streams, and the protect ion of n atural resources.由此可知，建造綠色建筑時必須考慮生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選 C。 4. D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段可知，他們可以幫助控制大樓里的溫度。故選 Dt D 7 / 11 （2017 福建高三單科質(zhì)量檢查 ）Want to help fight global warming ? Take off your tie , says the Italian health Ministry. It has urged employers to

35、 let their staff dress casually at work in the summer so that the air con diti oning can be tur ned dow n. “Taking your tie off immediately lowers the body temperature by 2 or 3 degrees centigrade ，” the ministry said in a statement. “Allowing a more sensible use of air con diti oning brings about e

36、lectricity savi ngs and protects the envir onmen t. ” It called on all public and private offices to let employees wear no tie during heat waves like the one that has brought Africa-like temperatures to many parts of Italy this week. The move echoes（ 回應(yīng)）a similar action from Italy s biggest oil grou

37、p , ENI, which told its staff earlier this mon th they n eed not wear a tie at work. The tie makers , however, were left hot_under_the_collar _ . “ Italy con firms that it is a stra nge country ，” Flavio Cima said an grily in a letter to financial daily IL Sole 24 OREunder the headline : I , tie mak

38、er , am respon sible for global warm ing. ” “We can now happily continue with our lifestyle , using cars , consuming fuel , heat ing and cooli ng our homes at leisure .On one con diti on : we should not wear a tie while we do so ，” he wrote. Italy is one of the Europea n Un io n s worst performers o

39、n the polluti on front and is among the EU countries expected to exceed（超出）their greenhouse gas emission（ 排放）targets. 【解題導(dǎo)語】 解掉領(lǐng)帶可以讓體溫下降 2 或 3 度，所以許多公司鼓勵員工不戴領(lǐng)帶上 班，以抵制全球氣候變暖；但是，這種主張遭到了領(lǐng)帶制造商的反對。 1. What s the purpose of the move of taking off ties? A. To dress casually. B. To fight global warming. C.

40、To keep the body temperature. D. To improve working conditions. B 解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的 Want to help fight global warming? Take off your tie ”可知，解掉領(lǐng)帶是為了抵制全球變暖，故 B 項正確。 2. Who first encouraged employees to take off ties? 8 / 11 A. ENI. B. Flavio Cima. C. A financial daily. D. The Italian health ministry. A

41、 解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的.ENI , which told its staff earlier this month they need not wear a tie at work ”可知，ENI公司最早鼓勵員工上班時不戴領(lǐng)帶， 故 A 項正確。 3. What does the un derli ned part “ hot under the collar ” in Paragraph 6 probably mean? A. An gry. B. Speechless. C Delighted. D. Puzzled. A 解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段和第五段可知，包括 ENI

42、 在內(nèi)的許多公司，都鼓勵 員工不戴領(lǐng)帶上班；根據(jù)常識可以判斷， 此舉勢必造成領(lǐng)帶制造商的商品滯銷； 結(jié)合第七段 的Flavio Cima said an grily in a letter ”可以判斷，畫線部分意為“憤怒的”，故 A 項正確。B 項意為“（因憤怒等）說不出話的”，C 項意為“高興的”，D 項意為“困惑的”， 都與語境不符。 4. Which of the following is TRUE about Flavio Cima? A. He stands by the oil group. B. He agrees with the ministry. C. He admits

43、his responsibility. D. He argues against taking off ties. D 解析：推理判 斷題。根據(jù)第六段“ The tie makers , however , were left hot un der the collar ” 以 及第七 段中的 “ Italy con firms that it is a stra nge country， Flavio Cima said angrily in a letter ”可知，對于鼓勵員工不戴領(lǐng)帶上班 一事，作為領(lǐng)帶制造商的 Flavio Cima 非常生氣；據(jù)此可以判斷，他對不戴領(lǐng)帶工作的觀點 有

44、異議，故 D 項正確。 n七選五 （2017 煙臺高考適應(yīng)性練習(xí) ）People who seem to have all the luck are not usually blessed by a large amount of good fortune.They simply have a healthy attitude, which enables them to make the most of situations.Here are some tips for creating your own luck. Be Grateful for What You Have Some pe

45、ople are already lucky, and they just don t know it.1. _ For example, you have a happy family, some wonderful friends, a roof over your head and food on the table.By ack no wledg ing these things regularly, you can in sta ntly feel luckier. See the Good in the Past 9 / 11 Be Gen erous If you want pe

46、ople to give you opportunities, you have to consider what you can do for others.3. Be generous with your time and attention, and you ll be surprised how many lucky opportunities people may offer you. Be Open to New Things Take Action 5 _ Take steps towards your goals and dreams and greet every chall

47、enge with a positive mindset.You will find you create more luck in everyday life. A You cannot expect to receive if you never give. B So be grateful for the good that came from your past. CMany people spend time thinking about what they don t have. E Trying something new is a great way of getting mo

48、re opportunities. G Look at how lucky you already are instead of focusing on what s lacking. 【解題導(dǎo)語】 本文是一篇說明文， 主要是給那些想在生活中獲得好運的人提出幾點建 議。 1 G 解析：根據(jù)空格前的“ Some people are already lucky, and they just don t know it. ”可知，有些人的運氣已經(jīng)很好了，但他們只是不知道。而空格后是對空格前提出 的觀點的舉例說明。G 項“你應(yīng)該看到你已經(jīng)擁有的好運，而不是關(guān)注自己缺少的東西”能 夠與上下文緊密聯(lián)系，

49、符合語境。故選 G。 2B 解析：空格處所在段的小標題是 See the Good in the Past ，意為“看到過去 的美好”。 由此可知，本段內(nèi)容和過去的美好有關(guān)，且根據(jù)空格前的內(nèi)容可知，經(jīng)歷苦難可 以發(fā)展優(yōu)勢和品質(zhì)，如果你沒有經(jīng)歷那些苦難，你就不會有這些。 B 項“因此要感謝過去的 經(jīng)歷給你帶來的美好”能夠與上下文銜接緊密，緊扣本段小標題。故選 B。 3. A 解析：空格處所在段的小標題是 Be Generous，意為“要慷慨大方”。 由此可知， 本段主要內(nèi)容是待人要大方慷慨。 根據(jù)空格前內(nèi)容可知， 如果你想要人們給你機會， 你就要 思考一下你能為別人做些什么。 A 項“如果你從來

50、沒有奉獻過，你也不可能期望獲得”與上 文銜接緊密，緊扣本段小標題。故選 A。 4. E 解析：空格處所在段的小標題是 Be Open to New Things ，意為“要敞開胸懷接 受新的事物”。E 項“嘗試新的事物是獲得更多機會的好方法”能夠與上下文緊密聯(lián)系，緊10 / 11 扣本段小標題。故選 E。 5. D 解析：空格處所在段的小標題是 Take Action，意為“采取行動”。根據(jù)空格后 的內(nèi)容可知，對你的目標和夢想采取行動，以積極的心態(tài)迎接每一次挑戰(zhàn)。 在那里等待好運到來，那么你永遠不會有好運”能夠與下文緊密聯(lián)系, 川、七選五 Which is much more signific

51、ant to you when you are finding a job ? Working experienee or an advaneed degree ? Well ,1 believe diverse people have different answers. 1 Here are some reas ons Above all , most of jobs dont require such a high degree , which means just some work, such as theoretical physics , archaeology , or literature , needs high academic qualification. 2 For example , when you are offering a department manager post , and there is a man who has