認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境與翻譯

1、認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境與翻譯認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境與翻譯認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境與翻譯CognitiveCognitive ContextContext andand TranslationTranslation【作者】 胡穎；【導(dǎo)師】 張京生；【作者基本信息】 山東師范大學(xué)， 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言文學(xué)， 2005， 碩士【摘要】 Dan Sperber 和 Deirdre Wison1986 年在其論著關(guān)聯(lián)性:交際與認(rèn)知中提出了關(guān)聯(lián)理論,被認(rèn)為是認(rèn)知語(yǔ)用學(xué)的理論基礎(chǔ)。在關(guān)聯(lián)理論對(duì)翻譯所做的闡釋中,認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境起到了重要的作用。本論文即在關(guān)聯(lián)理論的理論背景下將其中重要的概念認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境結(jié)合并運(yùn)用至翻譯這一重要的語(yǔ)言交際認(rèn)知過(guò)程的理論和實(shí)踐之中。旨在表述認(rèn)知

2、語(yǔ)境對(duì)翻譯理論研究積極的作用和影響,及其在翻譯實(shí)踐中的形態(tài)、功能,希望在一定程度上拓寬翻譯研究的視野,強(qiáng)調(diào)翻譯理論研究者及翻譯實(shí)踐者樹(shù)立認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境理念并提高認(rèn)知能力的重要性和迫切性,同時(shí)指出其對(duì)翻譯教學(xué)所起到的啟發(fā)性作用。本論文共分五個(gè)部分。引言部分綜述了 Sperber 和 Wilson 的關(guān)聯(lián)理論在交際認(rèn)知學(xué)領(lǐng)域的理論地位,及其對(duì)翻譯這一交際行為的理論闡釋;從而引出其中的關(guān)鍵性環(huán)節(jié)認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境,并簡(jiǎn)要總結(jié)該領(lǐng)域翻譯研究的成果及現(xiàn)狀, 以及本論文所采用的研究方法。第一章簡(jiǎn)要回顧了翻譯研究的發(fā)展。英語(yǔ)的翻譯研究有兩千多年的歷史,其中大多為跨學(xué)科研究。符號(hào)學(xué)、闡釋學(xué)、語(yǔ)言學(xué)、傳播學(xué)等學(xué)科均為翻譯研究提

3、供了嶄新的研究視角和可供發(fā)展的理論空間。然而,在傳播學(xué)翻譯理論的基礎(chǔ)上,Sperber 和 Wilson的關(guān)聯(lián)理論則系統(tǒng)地將翻譯定義為語(yǔ)內(nèi)、語(yǔ)際間的明示-推理的闡釋活動(dòng),突現(xiàn)了翻譯的交際性及其涉及交際者心理推理活動(dòng)認(rèn)知性的特點(diǎn),為前述翻譯理論所不及。為了交際成功或取得一定的交際效果,就要以關(guān)聯(lián)性為唯一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行合理的推理,而在此過(guò)程中,動(dòng)態(tài)的認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境成為一個(gè)重要的依據(jù)和橋梁。同時(shí),指出了本論文的意義體現(xiàn)及局限性。第二章通過(guò)與傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)境的對(duì)比,從本質(zhì)特點(diǎn)、概念涉及及其在理解話(huà)語(yǔ)過(guò)程中的工作狀態(tài)、分類(lèi)四個(gè)方面突顯出認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境不同于傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)境的重要特點(diǎn)。一、認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境,究其本質(zhì),是一個(gè)心理結(jié)構(gòu)體。二、它不僅

4、包括傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)境研究所涉及的具體的物理情景因素,還包括交際雙方認(rèn)知環(huán)境中互相顯映的一切事實(shí)或假設(shè)。三、在理解話(huà)語(yǔ)的過(guò)程中,其工作狀態(tài)完全不同于靜態(tài)的傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)境在交際行為進(jìn)行前是確定的、已知的等特征;認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境是動(dòng)態(tài)的,具有即時(shí)性和選擇性的特點(diǎn)。四、認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境的分類(lèi)也不同于以往傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)境繁雜的分類(lèi),根據(jù)它在交際過(guò)程中不同的作用分為宏觀和微觀認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境兩類(lèi)。第三章將認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境結(jié)合至翻譯實(shí)踐的過(guò)程當(dāng)中,通過(guò)具體譯例,分析研究其對(duì)翻譯各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的干預(yù)作用及其在翻譯實(shí)踐中的功能體現(xiàn)。在翻譯從源語(yǔ)作者到譯者再到目的語(yǔ)讀者的整個(gè)過(guò)程中,認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境有三個(gè)方面的干預(yù)作用:一、源語(yǔ)讀者的認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境對(duì)原作者的干預(yù)作用;二、源語(yǔ)文本的編碼

5、方式對(duì)譯者認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境的干預(yù)作用;三、目的語(yǔ)讀者的認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境對(duì)譯者的干預(yù)作用。因此,譯者應(yīng)充分認(rèn)識(shí)到這一系列的干預(yù)作用,并采取相應(yīng)的翻譯策略。而在具體翻譯實(shí)踐的過(guò)程中,對(duì)于譯者而言,認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境起著不可忽視的重要作用,具體表現(xiàn)在以下三個(gè)方面:一、譯者通過(guò)認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境在源語(yǔ)讀者和目的語(yǔ)讀者不同的文化形態(tài)和認(rèn)知方式中間架起一座溝通的橋梁,以揭示文化內(nèi)涵;二、譯者能夠利用認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境分析和梳理源語(yǔ)在翻譯過(guò)程中可能會(huì)造成邏輯關(guān)系混亂的話(huà)語(yǔ),從而構(gòu)建邏輯清晰的目的語(yǔ)文本;三、譯者依據(jù)其認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境,首先在源語(yǔ)受話(huà)人的立場(chǎng)上接受話(huà)語(yǔ)的明示行為,在此基礎(chǔ)上尋求語(yǔ)義關(guān)聯(lián)、進(jìn)行語(yǔ)用推理,從而得出話(huà)語(yǔ)的暗含意義。為了使認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境更好地服

6、務(wù)于翻譯實(shí)踐,譯者需要首先建立認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境的理念,同時(shí)豐富和完善自我認(rèn)知圖示和認(rèn)知能力。尤其是精湛而熟練地掌握源語(yǔ)和目的語(yǔ)及它們所根植的文化。其次,由于認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境的動(dòng)態(tài)特征,譯者更應(yīng)注重以不同語(yǔ)言為取向的不同認(rèn)知模式。而針對(duì)目前我國(guó)的翻譯教學(xué),認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境起到了一定的啟發(fā)性作用:一、牢固的知識(shí)基礎(chǔ)、合理的知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)框架是學(xué)生首先具備的條件,更多還原【Abstract】 Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson have proposed relevancetheory in 1986, which is viewed as the theoretical foundation ofco

7、gnitive pragmatics. In its accounting for translation, thecognitive context is of great significance. This thesis applies thecognitive context to translation theory and practice against thetheoretical background of relevance theory, aiming at revealing theintervening effects and functions of the cog

8、nitive context intranslation process, and expatiating the significance of the conceptin translation theory within the framework of relevance theory. It ishoped that the present study will provide a keen insight into thetranslation research and that it can be revelatory to the translationresearchers

9、and practitioners as well as the translation teaching.There are five parts in this thesis. The first part is theintroduction to the thesis, including a review of Sperber andWilsons relevance theory and its theoretical position in cognitivepragmatics. It also covers a brief introduction of the signif

10、icanceof the cognitive context as relevance theory accounts for translation,a survey of the current studies in this field, and the methodology ofthe present study as well. Chapter one briefly reviews theinterdisciplinary development of translation studies from theperspective of semiology, hermeneuti

11、cs, linguistics and communication.The focus of this chapter is the translation study from theperspective of relevance theory. In particular, Sperber and Wilsonsrelevance theory mainly concerning communication and cognition viewstranslation as an ostensive-inferential process, which, besides thecodes

12、 transference, also contains the dynamic inference by thecognitive context. Also, the significance and limitations of thisthesis are mentioned in this chapter. Chapter two discusses thecognitive context from the comparative point of view, in order topresent a clear idea about it. By comparison, the

13、cognitive contextis different with the traditional context in four aspects. First, thecognitive context is essentially a psychological construct ratherthan the physical environment in the context in the previous studies,which is viewed as the traditional context. Second, the range of thecognitive co

14、ntext is not smaller than the traditional context. It isthe combination of traditional context with the psychologicalassumptions, which are projected and formed by the objectivesurroundings. Third, in the operating state of communication, thecognitive context is characterized with its instantaneousn

15、ess andselectiveness, instead of being a preceding, given and static concept.Fourth, the cognitive context can be classified into the macro-andmicro-cognitive context, simplifying the fussy classification in thetraditional studies. Chapter three is the part applying the cognitivecontext theory to tr

16、anslation practice. The intervening effects andfunctions of the cognitive context are discussed and demonstrated bygroups of examples. The cognitive context has three interveningeffects to translation in the entireprocess. First, the SL textreaderscognitive context intervenes the SL text writer. Sec

17、ond, theSL text writersencoding way intervenes the translatorscognitivecontext. Third, the TL text readerscognitive context intervenes thetranslator. As for these effects intervening the translation process,the translator should attach enough importance to them and employcorresponding strategies. Fu

18、rthermore, the cognitive context, fromthe angle of the translator, has three functions. First, thetranslator can reveal the cultural connotations by means of enrichingthe cognitive context. Second, the translator can analyze the logicalrelations among sentences and reconstruct the logical text in ta

19、rgetlanguage by means of the cognitive context. Third, the translator canfirst receive the ostensive act of communication and seek therelevance, and then make the pragmatic eduction to attain theimplicated meaning by means of the cognitive context. Thus, for atranslator, to construct the cognitive c

20、ontext is necessary. Thisrequires the translator firstly to enrich his/her knowledge schematain the cognitive context, especially to exquisitely master the sourcelanguage and the target language, as well as the cultures. Due to thedynamic features of the cognitive context, the translator shouldsecon

21、dly make more efforts to research on the differences of thecognitive models subordinated to the languages. Furthermore, somerevelatory suggestions are concluded for translation teaching. (1)Students should ground solid foundation and construct the rationalframework of knowledge, which are primarily

22、required for translation.In other words, a translation student should first of all be 更多還原【關(guān)鍵詞】 關(guān)聯(lián)理論； 認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境； 明示-推理； 傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)境； 干預(yù)作用；【Key words】 relevance theory； cognitive context； ostensive-inferential； traditional context； intervening effect；參考文獻(xiàn)：歷史文化語(yǔ)境與翻譯以近代以來(lái)中國(guó)文學(xué)翻譯選材和翻譯策略為例翻譯受到譯者所處歷史文化語(yǔ)境的影響;譯者所處的歷史文化語(yǔ)

23、境對(duì)翻譯的影響貫穿翻譯的全過(guò)程。首先,翻譯選材同樣受譯者所處歷史文化語(yǔ)境的制約。其次,譯者對(duì)翻譯策略的取舍同樣受譯者所處歷史文化.收錄數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)：中文科技期刊數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 來(lái)源：吉首大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)：社會(huì)科學(xué)版2011 年 第 5 期 作者：彭勁松 李海軍 機(jī)構(gòu)：廣西師范大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院 廣西桂林 541004 湖南文理學(xué)院外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院 湖南常德 415000文化語(yǔ)境與翻譯語(yǔ)言是文化的組成部分,也是文化的載體。中、日兩國(guó)的語(yǔ)言,翻譯時(shí)必須把握文化差異。跨文化意識(shí)的強(qiáng)弱,文化語(yǔ)境理解的程度將直接影響翻譯的質(zhì)量。收錄數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)：中文科技期刊數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 來(lái)源：天津職業(yè)院校聯(lián)合學(xué)報(bào)2011 年 第 7 期 作者：顧紅 宋昭 機(jī)構(gòu)：

24、天津中德職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院 天津市300350 天津電子信息職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院 天津市 300350認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境與翻譯認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境與翻譯CognitiveCognitive ContextContext andand TranslationTranslation【作者】 胡穎；【導(dǎo)師】 張京生；【作者基本信息】 山東師范大學(xué)， 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言文學(xué)， 2005， 碩士【摘要】 Dan Sperber 和 Deirdre Wison1986 年在其論著關(guān)聯(lián)性:交際與認(rèn)知中提出了關(guān)聯(lián)理論,被認(rèn)為是認(rèn)知語(yǔ)用學(xué)的理論基礎(chǔ)。在關(guān)聯(lián)理論對(duì)翻譯所做的闡釋中,認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境起到了重要的作用。本論文即在關(guān)聯(lián)理論的理論背景下將其中重要的概念認(rèn)知語(yǔ)

25、境結(jié)合并運(yùn)用至翻譯這一重要的語(yǔ)言交際認(rèn)知過(guò)程的理論和實(shí)踐之中。旨在表述認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境對(duì)翻譯理論研究積極的作用和影響,及其在翻譯實(shí)踐中的形態(tài)、功能,希望在一定程度上拓寬翻譯研究的視野,強(qiáng)調(diào)翻譯理論研究者及翻譯實(shí)踐者樹(shù)立認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境理念并提高認(rèn)知能力的重要性和迫切性,同時(shí)指出其對(duì)翻譯教學(xué)所起到的啟發(fā)性作用。本論文共分五個(gè)部分。引言部分綜述了 Sperber 和 Wilson 的關(guān)聯(lián)理論在交際認(rèn)知學(xué)領(lǐng)域的理論地位,及其對(duì)翻譯這一交際行為的理論闡釋;從而引出其中的關(guān)鍵性環(huán)節(jié)認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境,并簡(jiǎn)要總結(jié)該領(lǐng)域翻譯研究的成果及現(xiàn)狀, 以及本論文所采用的研究方法。第一章簡(jiǎn)要回顧了翻譯研究的發(fā)展。英語(yǔ)的翻譯研究有兩千多年的歷史

26、,其中大多為跨學(xué)科研究。符號(hào)學(xué)、闡釋學(xué)、語(yǔ)言學(xué)、傳播學(xué)等學(xué)科均為翻譯研究提供了嶄新的研究視角和可供發(fā)展的理論空間。然而,在傳播學(xué)翻譯理論的基礎(chǔ)上,Sperber 和 Wilson的關(guān)聯(lián)理論則系統(tǒng)地將翻譯定義為語(yǔ)內(nèi)、語(yǔ)際間的明示-推理的闡釋活動(dòng),突現(xiàn)了翻譯的交際性及其涉及交際者心理推理活動(dòng)認(rèn)知性的特點(diǎn),為前述翻譯理論所不及。為了交際成功或取得一定的交際效果,就要以關(guān)聯(lián)性為唯一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行合理的推理,而在此過(guò)程中,動(dòng)態(tài)的認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境成為一個(gè)重要的依據(jù)和橋梁。同時(shí),指出了本論文的意義體現(xiàn)及局限性。第二章通過(guò)與傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)境的對(duì)比,從本質(zhì)特點(diǎn)、概念涉及及其在理解話(huà)語(yǔ)過(guò)程中的工作狀態(tài)、分類(lèi)四個(gè)方面突顯出認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境不同

27、于傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)境的重要特點(diǎn)。一、認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境,究其本質(zhì),是一個(gè)心理結(jié)構(gòu)體。二、它不僅包括傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)境研究所涉及的具體的物理情景因素,還包括交際雙方認(rèn)知環(huán)境中互相顯映的一切事實(shí)或假設(shè)。三、在理解話(huà)語(yǔ)的過(guò)程中,其工作狀態(tài)完全不同于靜態(tài)的傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)境在交際行為進(jìn)行前是確定的、已知的等特征;認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境是動(dòng)態(tài)的,具有即時(shí)性和選擇性的特點(diǎn)。四、認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境的分類(lèi)也不同于以往傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)境繁雜的分類(lèi),根據(jù)它在交際過(guò)程中不同的作用分為宏觀和微觀認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境兩類(lèi)。第三章將認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境結(jié)合至翻譯實(shí)踐的過(guò)程當(dāng)中,通過(guò)具體譯例,分析研究其對(duì)翻譯各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的干預(yù)作用及其在翻譯實(shí)踐中的功能體現(xiàn)。在翻譯從源語(yǔ)作者到譯者再到目的語(yǔ)讀者的整個(gè)過(guò)程中,認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境有三個(gè)方

28、面的干預(yù)作用:一、源語(yǔ)讀者的認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境對(duì)原作者的干預(yù)作用;二、源語(yǔ)文本的編碼方式對(duì)譯者認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境的干預(yù)作用;三、目的語(yǔ)讀者的認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境對(duì)譯者的干預(yù)作用。因此,譯者應(yīng)充分認(rèn)識(shí)到這一系列的干預(yù)作用,并采取相應(yīng)的翻譯策略。而在具體翻譯實(shí)踐的過(guò)程中,對(duì)于譯者而言,認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境起著不可忽視的重要作用,具體表現(xiàn)在以下三個(gè)方面:一、譯者通過(guò)認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境在源語(yǔ)讀者和目的語(yǔ)讀者不同的文化形態(tài)和認(rèn)知方式中間架起一座溝通的橋梁,以揭示文化內(nèi)涵;二、譯者能夠利用認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境分析和梳理源語(yǔ)在翻譯過(guò)程中可能會(huì)造成邏輯關(guān)系混亂的話(huà)語(yǔ),從而構(gòu)建邏輯清晰的目的語(yǔ)文本;三、譯者依據(jù)其認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境,首先在源語(yǔ)受話(huà)人的立場(chǎng)上接受話(huà)語(yǔ)的明示行為,在此基礎(chǔ)上

29、尋求語(yǔ)義關(guān)聯(lián)、進(jìn)行語(yǔ)用推理,從而得出話(huà)語(yǔ)的暗含意義。為了使認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境更好地服務(wù)于翻譯實(shí)踐,譯者需要首先建立認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境的理念,同時(shí)豐富和完善自我認(rèn)知圖示和認(rèn)知能力。尤其是精湛而熟練地掌握源語(yǔ)和目的語(yǔ)及它們所根植的文化。其次,由于認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境的動(dòng)態(tài)特征,譯者更應(yīng)注重以不同語(yǔ)言為取向的不同認(rèn)知模式。而針對(duì)目前我國(guó)的翻譯教學(xué),認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境起到了一定的啟發(fā)性作用:一、牢固的知識(shí)基礎(chǔ)、合理的知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)框架是學(xué)生首先具備的條件,更多還原【Abstract】 Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson have proposed relevancetheory in 1986, which is view

30、ed as the theoretical foundation ofcognitive pragmatics. In its accounting for translation, thecognitive context is of great significance. This thesis applies thecognitive context to translation theory and practice against thetheoretical background of relevance theory, aiming at revealing theinterve

31、ning effects and functions of the cognitive context intranslation process, and expatiating the significance of the conceptin translation theory within the framework of relevance theory. It ishoped that the present study will provide a keen insight into thetranslation research and that it can be reve

32、latory to the translationresearchers and practitioners as well as the translation teaching.There are five parts in this thesis. The first part is theintroduction to the thesis, including a review of Sperber andWilsons relevance theory and its theoretical position in cognitivepragmatics. It also cove

33、rs a brief introduction of the significanceof the cognitive context as relevance theory accounts for translation,a survey of the current studies in this field, and the methodology ofthe present study as well. Chapter one briefly reviews theinterdisciplinary development of translation studies from th

34、eperspective of semiology, hermeneutics, linguistics and communication.The focus of this chapter is the translation study from theperspective of relevance theory. In particular, Sperber and Wilsonsrelevance theory mainly concerning communication and cognition viewstranslation as an ostensive-inferen

35、tial process, which, besides thecodes transference, also contains the dynamic inference by thecognitive context. Also, the significance and limitations of thisthesis are mentioned in this chapter. Chapter two discusses thecognitive context from the comparative point of view, in order topresent a cle

36、ar idea about it. By comparison, the cognitive contextis different with the traditional context in four aspects. First, thecognitive context is essentially a psychological construct ratherthan the physical environment in the context in the previous studies,which is viewed as the traditional context.

37、 Second, the range of thecognitive context is not smaller than the traditional context. It isthe combination of traditional context with the psychologicalassumptions, which are projected and formed by the objectivesurroundings. Third, in the operating state of communication, thecognitive context is

38、characterized with its instantaneousness andselectiveness, instead of being a preceding, given and static concept.Fourth, the cognitive context can be classified into the macro-andmicro-cognitive context, simplifying the fussy classification in thetraditional studies. Chapter three is the part apply

39、ing the cognitivecontext theory to translation practice. The intervening effects andfunctions of the cognitive context are discussed and demonstrated bygroups of examples. The cognitive context has three interveningeffects to translation in the entireprocess. First, the SL textreaderscognitive conte

40、xt intervenes the SL text writer. Second, theSL text writersencoding way intervenes the translatorscognitivecontext. Third, the TL text readerscognitive context intervenes thetranslator. As for these effects intervening the translation process,the translator should attach enough importance to them a

41、nd employcorresponding strategies. Furthermore, the cognitive context, fromthe angle of the translator, has three functions. First, thetranslator can reveal the cultural connotations by means of enrichingthe cognitive context. Second, the translator can analyze the logicalrelations among sentences and reconstruct the logical text in targetlanguage by means of the cognitive context. Third, the translator canfirst receive the ostensive act of communication and seek therelevance, and then ma