英語詩歌鑒賞--Appreciation of English Poems

1、Appreciation of English PoemsAppreciation of English Poems 詩是最古老最基本最具有文學(xué)特質(zhì)的文學(xué)形式。英國最早有文字記載的詩是Beowulf。它作為口頭文學(xué)形式產(chǎn)生于公元6世紀(jì)，書面記載完成于公元7世紀(jì)到8世紀(jì)之間。What is poetry?What is poetry? 偉大的希臘哲學(xué)家Aristotle曾經(jīng)說過“詩歌高于歷史，因?yàn)樗怯篮愕??！彼v述的是在時(shí)間上永恒，在空間上放之四海而皆準(zhǔn)的真理。它所表達(dá)的愛與恨、忠與奸、創(chuàng)造與毀滅、戰(zhàn)爭與和平等無不是人類自古以來關(guān)注的主題，人類對(duì)于愛與和平頑強(qiáng)的追求從來也沒有改變過。詩歌除了在

2、表現(xiàn)形式上有所變化外，歌頌的正是這種不變的感情。What is poetry?What is poetry? 詩歌不僅是一種文學(xué)題材，它更是一種藝術(shù)形式。就像其他藝術(shù)形式一樣，它與美息息相關(guān)。人可能對(duì)美有不同的理解，但詩人對(duì)美的追求是創(chuàng)作的動(dòng)機(jī)。他們用獨(dú)特的、發(fā)現(xiàn)美的能力，將生活中的悲歡離合、沖突與和諧、平淡與壯舉藝術(shù)地展示給大家。詩歌也是詩和歌的組合，其中密切的關(guān)系使得詩歌必然具備了音樂的基本素質(zhì)。詩與歌的聯(lián)姻賦予它節(jié)奏、韻律等。How to Appreciate an English Poem?STOPPING BY WOODS ON A SNOWY EVENINGSTOPPING BY

3、WOODS ON A SNOWY EVENINGSTOPPING BY WOODS ON A SNOWY EVENINGWhose woods these are I think I know.His house is in the village though;He will not see me stopping hereTo watch his woods fill up with snow.My little horse must think it queerTo stop without a farm house nearBetween the woods and frozen la

4、keThe darkest evening of the year.STOPPING BY WOODS ON A SNOWY EVENINGHe gives his harness bells a shakeTo ask if there is some mistake.The only other sounds the sweepOf easy wind and downy flake.The woods are lovely, dark and deep,But I have promises to keep,And miles to go before I sleep,And miles

5、 to go before I sleep.-Robert Frost雪夜林畔小駐雪夜林畔小駐 - -余光中譯余光中譯 想來我認(rèn)識(shí)這座森林想來我認(rèn)識(shí)這座森林，林主的莊宅就在鄰村林主的莊宅就在鄰村, , 卻不會(huì)見我在此駐馬，卻不會(huì)見我在此駐馬， 看他林中積雪的美景。看他林中積雪的美景。 我的小馬一定頗驚訝：我的小馬一定頗驚訝： 四望不見有什么農(nóng)家，四望不見有什么農(nóng)家， 偏是一年最暗的黃昏，偏是一年最暗的黃昏， 寒林和冰湖之間停下。寒林和冰湖之間停下。 它搖一搖身上的串鈴，它搖一搖身上的串鈴， 問我這地方該不該停。問我這地方該不該停。 此外只有輕風(fēng)拂雪片，此外只有輕風(fēng)拂雪片， 再也聽不見其他聲音。

6、再也聽不見其他聲音。 森林又暗又深真可羨，森林又暗又深真可羨， 但我還要守一些諾言，但我還要守一些諾言， 還要趕多少路才安眠，還要趕多少路才安眠， 還要趕多少路才安眠。還要趕多少路才安眠。 THE ROAD NOT TAKENTHE ROAD NOT TAKENTwo roads diverged in a yellow wood,And sorry I could not travel bothAnd be one traveler, long I stoodAnd looked down one as far as I couldTo where it bent in the underg

7、rowth;Then took the other, as just as fair,And having perhaps the better claim,Because it was grassy and wanted wear;Though as for that the passing thereHad worn them really about the same,THE ROAD NOT TAKENTHE ROAD NOT TAKENAnd both that morning equally layIn leaves no step had trodden black.Oh, I

8、kept the first for another day!Yet knowing how way leads on to way,I doubted if I should ever come back.I shall be telling this with a sighSomewhere ages and ages hence:Two roads diverged in a wood, and I -I took the one less traveled by,And that has made all the difference.-Robert Frost未未 選選 擇擇 的的

9、路路（美）弗羅斯特（美）弗羅斯特 黃色的樹林里分出兩條路，黃色的樹林里分出兩條路，可惜我不能同時(shí)去涉足，可惜我不能同時(shí)去涉足，我在那路口久久佇立，我在那路口久久佇立，我向著一條路極目望去，我向著一條路極目望去，直到它消失在叢林深處。直到它消失在叢林深處。但我卻選了另外一條路，但我卻選了另外一條路，它荒草萋萋，十分幽寂，它荒草萋萋，十分幽寂，顯得更誘人、更美麗，顯得更誘人、更美麗，雖然在這兩條小路上，雖然在這兩條小路上，都很少留下旅人的足跡，都很少留下旅人的足跡，雖然那天清晨落葉滿地，雖然那天清晨落葉滿地，兩條路都未經(jīng)腳印污染。兩條路都未經(jīng)腳印污染。呵，留下一條路等改日再見！呵，留下一條路等改日

10、再見！但我知道路徑延綿無盡頭，但我知道路徑延綿無盡頭，恐怕我難以再回返?？峙挛译y以再回返。也許多少年后在某個(gè)地方，也許多少年后在某個(gè)地方，我將輕聲嘆息把往事回顧，我將輕聲嘆息把往事回顧，一片樹林里分出兩條路，一片樹林里分出兩條路，而我選了人跡更少的一條，而我選了人跡更少的一條，從此決定了我一生的道路從此決定了我一生的道路。Exercises. VocabularyExplain the definitions of the following italic words in the context of the selected poems. Look them up in an Englis

11、h dictionary if necessary.1.Whose woods these are I think I know.an area of land covered with a thick growth of trees2.He will not see me stopping here / To watch his woods fill up with snow.become full3.My little horse must think it queer .not usual or expectedExercises4.He gives his harness bells

12、a shake / To ask if there is some mistake.a set of straps fixed together and fitted to an animal such as a horse so that it can be attached to a cart or carriage for pulling5.The only other soundss the sweep / Of easy wind and downy flake.sweep（拂去）: a long smooth movementdowny（羽絨般的；松軟的）: soft and fl

13、uffy6.The woods are lovely, dark and deep, / But I have promises to keep.assurances that something will be done or not done; undertakingsExercises7.Two roads diverged in a yellow wood .separated8. / To where it bent in the undergrowth .shrubs, small trees, or other vegetation growing beneath the tre

14、es in a forest9. / And having perhaps the better claim .basis10. It was grassy and wanted wear;grassy: covered with grasswear: walk, tread11. / In leaves no step had trodden black.p.p. of tread, stepped or walked to spread something unwanted from the feet or footwear12.I shall be telling this with a

15、 sigh .an audible exhalation of a deep breath in relief or wearinessExercises. Comprehension questions1.The speaker in poem 1 is (B).A.Robert Frost, the poetB.an imaginative traveler who is heading to his destinationC.impersonal（不具人格的東西）2.Read poem 1 once again and write down the words that describe

16、 time, place and condition.Time: the darkest evening of the yearPlace: between the woods and frozen lakeCondition: dark and snowy3.The speaker in poem 1 stopped by the woods because (B).A.he is tired of travelingB.he is attracted by the viewC.he has lost his wayExercises4.Think over and write down a

17、t least three connotations（內(nèi)涵意義）the word “snow” often acquires from its common use. What connotations does “snow” acquire in poem 1?common connotations: white, pure, cold, momentary attractionin the poem: the word “snow” has the connotation of weird or surreal attraction on the one hand and death or

18、 loss of vitality on the other.5.One of the common overtones of “snow”, “evening”, “wind” and “flake” in poem 1 is (C).A.cold weatherB.bad weatherC.deprivation of life6.The speaker in poem 2 is (A).A.a traveler who was walking in a woodB.Robert Frost, the poetC.a person who had a decision to make7.F

19、rom poem 2, we could see that the speaker (C).A.regretted being unable to travel two roads simultaneouslyB.believed that the road not taken was much easier to travelC.believed that a decision made earlier in ones life would influence his later lifeExercises8. Write down both the denotations and the

20、connotations of “wood” and “traveler”.Exercises9.The word “wood” in the two poems by Robert Frost is of (C).A.the same connotationsB.different connotationsC.both different and same connotations10.In poem 2, “two roads diverged” in the first stanza and that in the fourth stanza exist (C).A.in the sam

21、e time and spaceB.in the same time span but different spaceC.in the different time and spaceExercises. Topics for discussion1.What kind of attitudes does the speaker in poem 1 have towards the woods?Attitude is someones opinions or feelings about something, especially as shown by their behavior.The

22、speaker in the poem has mixed attitudes towards the woods. On the one hand, he feels attracted by the woods, as they are “l(fā)ovely, dark and deep” and filled up with snow. That is why he stops by the woods. On the other hand, he resists the temptation of the “l(fā)ovely, dark and deep” woods, as he has “p

23、romises to keep”.Exercises2.In poem 1, does the word “promise” in stanza 4 have any special meanings in the poem? Give your reasons.The denotation of the word “promise” is a statement in which you say that something will definitely happen, or you will definitely do something.The word “promises” in s

24、tanza 4 is in its plural form, and no modifier is used before it. In other words, the word “promises” in the poem does not refer to a particular promise. It refers to promises in general.Reading between the lines, especially by putting together the connotations of “woods”, “snow”, “darkest evening”

25、and “sleep”, we can see that the word promises in stanza 4 has special connotations. If we interpret “sleep” as the final rest, i.e. death, we may understand the word promises as life commitments or obligations.It is important to remind ourselves, however, that words used in poetry are often defiant

26、 of a precise and singular interpretation, and that there is a multiplicity of interpretations of the same words in a poem.Exercises3.Does the repetition of the last two lines in poem 1 have any special function?Repetition is an important literary device in English poetry, which we will cover in som

27、e detail in section 4.The repetition of the last two lines in the poem foregrounds the speakers determination to carry on his journey and to fulfill his “promises”, or rather, his life commitments and obligations before he sleeps.The repetition also functions as a refrain in the last stanza.詩歌鑒賞詩歌鑒賞

28、 Auld Lang Syne Auld Lang SyneShould auld acquaintance be forgot,and never brought to mind?Should auld acquaintance be forgot,and auld lang syne?CHORUS:For auld lang syne, my jo,for auld lang syne,well tak a cup o kindness yet,for auld lang syne.And surely yell be your pint-stowp!and surely Ill be m

29、ine!And well tak a cup o kindness yet,for auld lang syne.CHORUSWe twa hae run about the braes,and pud the gowans fine;But weve wanderd mony a weary fit,sin auld lang syne.CHORUSWe twa hae paidld i the burn,frae morning sun till dine;But seas between us braid hae roardsin auld lang syne.CHORUSAnd the

30、res a hand, my trusty fiere!and gies a hand o thine!And well tak a right gude-willy waught,for auld lang syne.CHORUSEnglish Translation of Auld Lang SyneEnglish Translation of Auld Lang SyneShouldoldacquaintance (相識(shí)之人) be forgot,and never brought to mind?Shouldoldacquaintance be forgot,andoldlang sy

31、ne?CHORUS:For auld lang syne, mydear,for auld lang syne,well take a cup of kindness (和藹，親切) yet,for auld lang syne.And surely youllbuyyour pint (品脫，計(jì)量單位) cup!and surely Illbuymine!And well take a cup o kindness yet,for auld lang syne.CHORUSWetwo haverun about theslopes (山谷的斜坡),andpickedthedaisies(雛菊

32、) fine;But weve wandered(漫步) manya weary foot,sinceauld lang syne.English Translation of Auld Lang SyneEnglish Translation of Auld Lang SyneCHORUSWetwo have paddled(劃槳) in thestream,frommorning sun till dine;But seas between usbroad have roaredsinceauld lang syne.CHORUSAnd theres a hand my trusty fr

33、iend!Andgive mea hand o thine(你的)!And welltakea rightgood-will draught (飲，吸),for auld lang syne.CHORUS往昔的時(shí)光老朋友哪能相忘， 哪能不放在心上？老朋友哪能遺忘， 還有往昔的時(shí)光？為了往昔的時(shí)光，老朋友， 為了往昔的時(shí)光，再干一杯友情的酒， 為了往昔的時(shí)光。你來痛飲一大杯， 我也買酒來相配。干一杯友情的酒又何妨？為了往昔的時(shí)光。我們?cè)塾紊綅彛?到處將野花拜訪。但以后走上疲憊的旅程， 逝去了往昔的時(shí)光！我們?cè)嗄_蹚過河流， 水聲笑語里將時(shí)間忘。如今大海的怒濤把我們隔開， 逝去了往昔的時(shí)光！忠實(shí)

34、的老友，伸出你的手， 讓我們握手聚一堂。再來痛飲一杯歡樂酒， 為了往昔的時(shí)光！ Auld Lang Syne is a Scots poem written by Robert Burns in 1788 and set to the tune (曲調(diào)) of a traditional folk song. The poet was born in Scotland. His father was a poor peasant. The peasant origin and environment especially aided him in mastering the happy sim

35、plicity, humor, directness and optimism, which are characteristics of old Scottish songs. Many of his poems have a musical quality. Auld Lang Syne is right an example. It is well known in many English-speaking countries and is often sung to celebrate the start of the New Year at the stroke of midnig

36、ht. By extension, its use has also become common at funerals, graduations, and as a farewell or ending to other occasions. 友誼地久天長是蘇格蘭詩人羅伯特彭斯在1788年創(chuàng)作的一首詩，被譜以傳統(tǒng)民謠歌的樂調(diào)。詩人生于蘇格蘭，父親是個(gè)貧苦的農(nóng)民。農(nóng)民的出生和環(huán)境使他掌握了蘇格蘭歌曲的歡快、簡約、幽默、直率和樂觀。他的很多詩都帶有明顯的音樂特征。友誼地久天長就是一個(gè)很好的例證。這首歌在很多英語國家都流傳甚廣，常在新年午夜鐘聲響起時(shí)，被高聲吟唱，來慶祝新一年的開始。而且，在葬禮、

37、畢業(yè)典禮或其它結(jié)束場合也會(huì)被當(dāng)作告別曲傳唱。 The songs Scots title may be translated into English literally as “old long since”, or more idiomatically, “l(fā)ong long ago”, “days gone by”. In any case, it is one of the best known songs in English-speaking countries-although, like many other frequently sung songs, the melody

38、is better remembered that the words, which are often sung incorrectly, and seldom in full. 這首詩的蘇格蘭語標(biāo)題直接翻譯成英語就是“昔日時(shí)光”，或者更俗語話一些，“很久很久以前”，“過去的日子”。無論怎么翻譯，它都是英語中最著名的詩歌作品之一雖然和很多其它被廣為傳唱的歌曲一樣，人們記住的往往不是詩詞而是旋律，有時(shí)，歌詞被唱錯(cuò)，或者唱不完整。 Auld Lang Syne is an extremely nostalgic and sincere expression of friendship. It i

39、s for this reason that people all over the world sing this song at social gatherings and most famously on Hogmanay (蘇格蘭除夕夜) as they reflect on times past and welcome the New Year. Several lines in the song are the same as part of the poem, for example: Should auld acquaintance be forgot, /And never

40、brought to mind? /Should auld acquaintance be forgot, /And days o auld lang syne? 友誼地久天長的懷舊特色極其濃厚，對(duì)友誼的表達(dá)也是無比真誠。恰是因?yàn)檫@一點(diǎn)，全世界的人在不同的社交場合都會(huì)唱這首歌，最有名的當(dāng)屬蘇格蘭當(dāng)?shù)爻σ?，人們回顧往昔，歡迎新一年的到來。其中的幾句，恰是詩的原文。 怎能忘記昨日朋友，/心中能不懷想？/昨日朋友豈能相忘？/友誼地久天長。 O my Luves like a red, red roseThats newly sprung in June;O my Luves like the me

41、lodie（旋律，歌曲）Thats sweetly playd in tune.As fair art（be的變體）thou（你）, my bonnie（漂亮的）lass（小姑娘）,So deep in luve am I:And I will luve thee（古英語thou的賓格，你）still, my dear,Till a (all) the seas gang dry:Till a the seas gang dry, my dear,And the rocks melt wi (with) the sun:I will luve thee still, my dear,While

42、 the sands o (of) life shall run.And fare thee well, my only LuveAnd fare thee well, a while!And I will come again, my Luve,Tho (though) it were ten thousand mile. A Red Red RoseA Red Red Rose一朵紅紅的玫瑰啊，我的愛人象朵紅紅的玫瑰， 六月里迎風(fēng)初開；啊，我的愛人象支甜甜的曲子， 奏得合拍又和諧。我的好姑娘，多么美麗的人兒！ 請(qǐng)看我，多么深摯的愛情！親愛的，我永遠(yuǎn)愛你， 縱使大海干涸水流盡?？v使大海干涸水

43、流盡， 太陽將巖石燒作灰塵，親愛的，我永遠(yuǎn)愛你， 只要我一息猶存。珍重吧，我唯一的愛人， 珍重吧，讓我們暫時(shí)別離，但我一定要回來， 哪怕千里萬里！詩歌鑒賞詩歌鑒賞How do I love thee? Let me count the ways.I love thee to the depth and breadth and heightMy soul can reach, when feeling out of sightFor the ends of Being and ideal Grace.I love thee to the level of everydaysMost quiet

44、need, by sun and candlelight.I love thee freely, as men strive for Right;I love thee purely, as they turn from Praise.I love thee with the passion put to useIn my old griefs, and with my childhoods faith.I love thee with a love I seemed to loseWith my lost saints,-I love thee with the breath,Smiles, tears, of all my life!-and, if God choose,I shall but love thee better after death.我究竟怎樣愛你？讓我細(xì)數(shù)端詳。我愛你直到我靈魂所及的深度、廣度和高度，我在視力不及之處摸索著存在的極致和美的理想。我愛你