名詞性從句講解及練習

1、名詞性從句講解在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。它包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位 語從句。名詞性從句是中學階段的一個重要語法項目，在歷年的高考中幾乎都涉及到，并且每年的 命題各有變化。分析歷屆高考試題名詞性從句考查的焦點主要有以下六個方面1. 考查名詞性從句的語序問題2. 考查引導(dǎo)詞that與what的區(qū)別3. 考查it在名詞性從句中作形式主語或形式賓語的用法4. 考查 whether與if的區(qū)別5. 考查名詞性從句中的疑問詞+ever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句與no matter+疑問詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的區(qū)別6. 考查名詞性從句的虛擬語氣問題 語法要點剖析一、名詞性從句主語從句、表語從句

2、、賓語從句、同位語從句，在整個句子中所起的作用，相當于一個名詞。 因此，這四種從句通稱為名詞性從句。名詞性從句成分的劃分是根據(jù)句子在句中的位置劃分的。任 何一個句子一旦位于某個成分的位置上，它就成了相應(yīng)的從句。試分析下列從句屬于什么類型的名詞性從句。1 Whether he will come or not is unknown.=It is unknown whether he will come or not.2 I don ' t know whether he will come or not .3 The questi on is whether he will come o

3、r not .4 The questi on whether he will come or not is not settled. 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：連接詞：that, whether, if（不充當從句的任何成分）連接代詞： what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.（在從句中充當主語，賓語，表 語，定語）連接副詞：when, where, how, why （在從句中充當狀語）1. 主語從句作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether， if和連接代詞 what，who，which，wh

4、atever，whoever 以及連接畐U詞 how， when, where， why 等詞引導(dǎo)。that 在句中無 詞義，只起連接作用，放在句首不能省略但當主語從句位于句尾時可以省略；連接代詞和連接副詞 在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當從句的成分。主語從句中主句謂語用 單數(shù)。例如：1That anyone becomes successful without the assista nee of others is rare.=It is rare （that） anyone becomes successful without the assista nee of

5、others2 Whether it rains or shines makes no differenee to proactive people.（ 不能用 if）3 It depe nds upon hard work more tha n luck whether （ if ） you can succeed in making your dream come true.4 Whoever wants to reach a dista nt goal must take many small steps .5 Whoever n eglect lear ning in his yout

6、h loses the past and is dead for the future.年輕時忽視學業(yè)的人失去了過去，更葬送了未來。6 Whatever you love and trust in this world loves you in return.7 How a person masters his fate is more important than what his fate is .一個人如何掌握命運比他的命運本身更重要。8 Love is like wine ,friendship a flower ,and blood relationship water. Wheth

7、er we can own love and friendship is all predestined.愛情是酒，友誼是花，親情似水。酒醉酒醒，花開花落，皆因一個緣”字有時為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主語從句后的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如例1,2常用句型如下：(1)It + be +名詞 + that 從句(2)It + be + 形容詞+ that 從句(3)It + be +動詞的過去分詞+ that從句(4)It +不及物動詞+ that從句另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語氣時，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣

8、“(should) +do，”常用的句型有：It is n ecessary (importa nt, n atural, stra nge, etc.) thatIt is a pity (a shame, no won der, etc.) thatIt is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that 主語從句練習一、單項填空I. makes this shop differe nt is that it offers more pers onal services.A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. W

9、hoever2 fashi on differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differe nces from one aspect.A. What B. That C. This D. Which3 we ' ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where4 It is pretty well un derstoodcon trols the flow of carb on dioxide in and

10、 out the atmospheretoday.A. that B. whe n C. what D. how5 It worried her a bither hair was tur ning gray.A. while B. that C. if D. for6 It is none of your bus in essother people think about you. Believe yourself.A. how B. what C. which D. whe n7. It has bee n provedeati ng vegetables in childhood he

11、lps to protect you aga inst seriousill ness in later life.A. if B. because C. whe n D. that8. wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.A. Anyone B. The one C. Whoever D. Who9. is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.A. It B. What C. As D. Which10. was mo

12、st importa nt to her, she told me, was her family.A. It B. This C. What D. AsII. some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.A.Whether B.What C. That D. How12. It never occurred to me you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.A. which B. what C. that D. if13. It is

13、 un certa in side effect the medici ne will bring about, although about two thousa ndpatie nts have take n it.A. that B. what C. how D. whether14. It is obvious to the students they should get well prepared for their future.A. as B. which C. whether D. that二、選擇所給的詞填空1 (what, that) you don't like

14、 him is none of my bus in ess.2 After Yang Liwei succeeded in circli ng the earth,(what, that) our astr on auts desire to do iswalk in space.3. (whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever) leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.4. The Foreig n Mini ster said,“(This is, There is, It is) our ho

15、pe that the two sides towards peace.5. (whether, if) he will join us won't make too much differe nee.6. (whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever) of you comes in will receive a prize.7. (it, that) makes no differe nee whether he will atte nd the meet ing or not.8. (how, why) this happe ned is not

16、 clear to anyone.9. (wherever, whe never) you are is my home - my only home.10. It is certa in(that/ whether) she will do well in her exam.1. 1-5ABBCB 6-10BDCBC 11-14BCBD11. 1. That 2. what 3. Whoever 4. It is 5. Whether 6. Whichever 7. It8. How 9. Wherever 10. that2. 賓語從句名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與

17、引導(dǎo)主語從句表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。1) .由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，that在句中不擔任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省 去，但如從句是并列句時，第二個分句前的that不可省。例如：Most people say that their main fault is a lack of self-discipli ne.We must n ever thi nk (that) we are good in everyth ing while others are good in nothing.我們決不能認

18、為自己什么都好，別人什么都不好。注意： 在 dema nd、order、suggest decide、in sist, desire, dema nd, request, comma nd 等表示要求、命 令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后，賓語從句常用“(should)+動詞原形”。例如：I in sist that she (should) do her work alo ne.我堅持要她自己工作。The comma nder ordered that troops (should) set off at once.司令員命令部隊馬上出發(fā)。2) .用 who, whom, which, whos

19、e, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever 等關(guān) 聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句相當于特殊疑問句，應(yīng)注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如： You can choose to be excelle nt in whatever you do .When ever I am struck dow n, I will always inquire of myself how I can turn that adversity into good .每當我被擊敗時，我總是問我自己如何可以變逆境為順境。I want to know what

20、he has told you.我想知道他告訴了你什么。When you are in trouble, you will find out who your real friends are .She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要幫助的人，她都會給予熱情的支持。3) .用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語序Attitude determ ines whether (if) people are successful and able to enjoy life.此外，whethe

21、r與if在作 是否"的意思講時在下列情況下一般只能用whether，不用if:a.引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首時；b.引導(dǎo)表語從句時；c .引導(dǎo)從句作介詞賓語時；d.從句后有“ or not ” 時；e.后接動詞不定式時。例如： Whether there is life on the moon is an in terest ing questi on.月球上有沒有生命是個有趣的問題。Everyth ing depe nds on whether we have eno ugh mon ey. 一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。4) .注意賓語從句中的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)，當主句動詞是現(xiàn)在時，從句根據(jù)自身的

22、句子情況，而使用例如： I know he studies En glish every day.(從句用一般現(xiàn)在時)I know he studied En glish last term.(從句用一般過去時)I know (that) he will study En glish next year.(從句用一般將來時)I know he has studied En glish si nee 1998.(從句用現(xiàn)在完成時)當主句動詞是過去時態(tài)“could, would除外)，從句則要用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)，如一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時等；當從句表示的是客觀真理，科學原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從

23、句仍用現(xiàn)在時 態(tài)。例如： The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America .5.) think, believe, imagine, suppose等等動詞引起的否定性賓語從句中，要把上述主句中的動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如?We don' t thi nk you are here.我們認為你不在這。I don ' t believe hell do so.我相信他不會這樣做。1、We cannot figure outquite a nu mber of in sects, birds, a

24、nd ani mals are dying out. A. that B.as C. why D. whe n2、I think Father would like to knowI' ve been up to so far, so I decide tocendteim a qA. which B. whyC. whatD. how3、A modern city has been set up inwas a wasteland ten years ago.A. what B. whichC. that D. where4、 The road is covered with sno

25、w. I canand t undefeey insist on going by motorbike.A. why B. Whether C. whe n D. how5、 Do you knowyour parents are pleasedyou' ve done?A. why; for whatB. how; with whatC. that; with whichD. how; for what6、 We don' t know.A. this is whose dict ionaryB. whose dicti onary is thisC. whose dicti

26、 onary this isD. whose is this dict ionary7、 Can you tell meget to the railway stati on?A. how can IB. what I canC. how I canD. where I can8、He was n ever satisfied with or proud ofhe had achieved.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. all which9、 It is gen erally con sidered un wise to give a childhe or she wan

27、ts.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. wherever10、He wan ted to make sure.A. how we went there by bus B. where did we goC. what did we go thereD. whe n we went there11、He was lucky eno ugh to sell his car for exactly.A. where he had paid for itB. what he had paid for itC. what he was paid for itD. w

28、hich he had paid for it5. What I want to know ishe likes the gift given by us.A. that B. if C. whether D.不填6. The reason isI missed the bus.A. that B. when C. why D. what7. That iswe were late last time.A. that B. when C. why D. what8. She lookedshe were ten years younger.A. that B. like C. as D. as

29、 though12、He asked mewith me.A . what the matter isB. what the matter wasC. what ' s the matter D. what was the matter13、The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make it is .A. whatB. whichC. howD. where9. I fell sick!-I think it isyou are doing too muc

30、h.A. why B. when C. what D. because10. The reason why he hasn ' tscome.A. because his mother is ill B. because of his mother' s being illC. that his mother is ill D. for his mother is ill14、I won dered.A. what does he think of the resultB. what he thi nks of the problemC. how he dealt with t

31、he problemD. how did he like the result15、With his camera , he kept taking pictureshe did and saw.A. where B. that C. of whichD. of what1、C。2、C. 3、A。4、A。5、B 6、C 7、C 8、A 9、B 10、D 11、B 12、D 13、A 14、C 15、D 3.表語從句在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語從句位于連系動詞后，有時用 as if引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+系動詞+從句。例如：The on

32、ly certainty is that nothing is certain.The miracle is that the more we share ,the more we have .We are what we believe we are .(我們就是我們自己相信的那種人)Need and struggle are what excite and in spire us .需求和奮斗令我們幸福，并使我們受到激勵。 Yesterday is history. Tomorrow is a mystery. Today is a gift.- that is why it '

33、s called It looks as if it is going to rain.需要注意的，當主語是reason時，表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning表語從句11. He was born here.-That ishe likes the place so much.A. that B. what C. why D. how12. That isLu Xun once lived.A. what B. wh

34、ere C. that D. why that/what的區(qū)別1. your father wants to know isgetting on with your studies.A. What; how are you B. That ; how you areC. How ; that you are D. What ; how you are2. The trouble iswe are short of tools.A. what B. that C. how D. why that3. America waswas first called"India ” by Colu

35、mbusthe prese ntA. whatB. where C. the place D. there where4. China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer.A. what it used to be B. what it was used to beingC. what it used to being D. what it was used to be1. The question iswe will have our sports meet next week.A. that B. if C. when D.

36、 whether2. The reason why he failed ishe was too careless.A. because B. that C. for D. because of3. Go and get your coat. It' syou left itA. where B. there C. there where D. where there4. The problem isto take the place of TedA. who can we get B. what we can getC. who we can get D. that we can g

37、et5. he really means ishe disagrees with us.A. What that B. That whatC. What what D. That what6. The energy ismakes the cells able to do their work.A. that B. which C. what D. such高考練習1 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week .Is thatyou had a few days off ? ( NMET1999 )A. why B .what C. when D

38、. where2had neither a raincoat nor an umbrellaI got wet through. （1998 上海）A. It ' s the reason B. That ' s why C. There ' s why D. It ' s how3. See the flags on top of the building? That waswe did this morning. （06 全國）A. when B. which C. where D. what4. - Are you still thinking about

39、 yesterday' s g北京春（2003-Oh, that ' s.A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited5. What surprised me was not what he said buthe said it. （2004 湖北）A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which答案 DBACCACDDCCBthat/wh

40、at 的區(qū)別 DBAAAC高考練習ABDAA4.同位語從句同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語從句通常由that引導(dǎo)，可用于同位語從句的名詞有 advice、dema nd、doubt、fact、hope、idea、in formati on、message n ews、order、problem、 promise、question、 request、suggestion、truth、wish、word 等。例如：I have no idea what is despair.I have a dream that one day the rough place will be made

41、 pla in.同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別：that作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，充當句子成分，在從句中作賓語時可以省略；that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時，起連詞的作用，沒有實際意義，不充當句子成分，一般不能省略。試比較下面兩個例句：6. （福建，35）We promiseattends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the moviestar.A. whoB. whomC. whoever D. whomever7. （遼寧， 34） The newcomer went to the library the other day and search forhe could findabout Mark Twain.A. whereverB. howeverC. whatever D. whichever8.（浙江，4）different.A. whether9.（四川,A. whenI made a promise to myselfB. whatC.thatthis year, the first year in high school,