新概念三 lesson14

1、新概念三lesson14New words and expression 生詞和短語(yǔ)Gangster n.歹徒, 強(qiáng)盜mobsterwho is a member of gangPolice were hunting for a gang that had stolen fifty-five cars.Gang members were behind a lot of the violence. A gang of toughs A gang of friendsband n.幫, 團(tuán)伙- a band of robbers 一伙強(qiáng)盜a band of peoplerobber n.搶劫犯,

2、搶劫者toughbandit n.強(qiáng)盜, 土匪pirate 海盜pirate sbs inventionhooligan n.流氓,不良分子ruffianbully-ster st suffix prefix root affixPunster 喜歡說(shuō)雙關(guān)語(yǔ)的人, songster歌手詩(shī)歌作者gangster 歹徒惡棍youngster 年輕人spinster 老處女minister 牧師gamester 賭徒Chicago n.芝加哥(美國(guó)城市Protection n.保護(hù)(- protection money 保護(hù)費(fèi)protect vt.保護(hù)(protectfrom- We must pr

3、otect our eyes from the sunshine.keep from shelter from shield from risks danger1.V-T To prompt someone to do something means to make them decide to do it. 促使give an incentive for action impair the incentive to例: Japan's recession has prompted consumers to cut back on buying cars.日本的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退已促使消費(fèi)者們削

4、減購(gòu)車花銷。What prompted her to be so generous?是什么原因使得她如此大方呢?2.V-T If you prompt someone when they stop speaking, you encourage or help them to continue. If you prompt an actor, you tell them what their next line is when they have forgotten what comes next. 提示; 給(演員 提示詞remind 例: "You wouldn't ha

5、ve wanted to bring those people to justice anyway, would you?" Brand prompted him.“你本不想將那些人繩之以法的,是吧?”布蘭德提示他說(shuō)。3.ADJ A prompt action is done without any delay. 立即的(行動(dòng)例: It is not too late, but prompt action is needed.還不太晚,但需要立即行動(dòng)。A prompt (ready reply responseA reply on time4.ADJ If you are promp

6、t to do something, you do it without delay or you are not late. (做某事 迅速的v-link ADJ例: You have been so prompt in carrying out all these commissions.你執(zhí)行所有這些任務(wù)非常迅速。Time flysTime wears on. The seminar wears on. The semester wears on.destroy v.毀掉;消滅destroy n.強(qiáng)調(diào)毀滅, 消滅, 完全的摧毀- The earthquake destroyed the

7、city. / You destroyed his dream.Damage n.v.強(qiáng)調(diào)受損程度不很嚴(yán)重, 可以被修復(fù)-The big clock was damaged.Ruinspoil v.強(qiáng)調(diào)把事情攪和了- spoil the party / spoil the holiday mess upscrew upFire destroyed several houses in the area.大火燒毀了該地區(qū)的幾棟房子。If I was younger or more naive, the criticism would have destroyed me.要是我年輕點(diǎn)兒或幼稚點(diǎn)兒,這

8、批評(píng)可能已經(jīng)把我毀了。remarkable adj.不尋常的noticeable impressive surprising(同意詞:unusual, uncommon, extraordinary- a remarkable event , an extraordinary event 不同尋常的事件outstanding(adj.突出的,杰出的,卓越的- Our headmaster is an outstanding youth.(n.年輕人, 青少年excellenttop the top scientistDistinguished(adj. 杰出的, 卓越的, 不同非凡的Emine

9、nt(adj. 顯赫的, 杰出的, 有名的, 優(yōu)良的ProminentDistinguished和eminent是同義詞(都是用來(lái)修飾嚴(yán)肅領(lǐng)域的人BrilliantPromisingnotablefamous adj.著名的(因卓越的貢獻(xiàn)和成績(jī)而流芳百世的well-known adj.眾所周知的(強(qiáng)調(diào)眾所周知的renowned adj.某人或某事以其獨(dú)特的品質(zhì)、個(gè)性而聞名renowned actors professorsThe area is renowned for its churches.First-tier city university companyTop-ranking ent

10、erprise service sale skill engineerFlorence n.佛羅倫薩(意大利城市city-state n.(古代城邦hire v.租出, 雇給 1. V-T/V-IIf you hire someone, you employ them or pay them to do a particular job for you. 雇用例:Sixteen of the contestants have hired lawyers and are suing the organizers.參賽者中有16人已經(jīng)聘了律師,正在起訴主辦方。 2. V-TIf you hire

11、something, you pay money to the owner so that you can use it for a period of time. 租用 3. N-UNCOUNTYou use hire to refer to the activity or business of hiring something. 租用 4. PHRASEIf something is for hire, it is available for you to hire. 供出租Do not confuse hire, rent, and let. If you make a series

12、of payments to use something for a long time, you say that you rent it. .the apartment he had rented. He rented a TV. You can say that you rent or rent out a house or room to someone when they pay you money to live there. We rented our house to a college professor. In British English, it is more com

13、mon to say that you let it. They were letting a room to a school teacher. Americans also use rent when you pay a sum of money to use something for a short time. He rented a car for the weekend. In British English, if you pay a sum of money to use something for a short time, you usually say that you

14、hire it. He was unable to hire another car. American English uses hire mainly to talk about giving jobs to people. We hired a new waitress this week.Rent 長(zhǎng)期租美短期租美Hire 短期租英雇傭美Let 長(zhǎng)期租英hire out 出租hire out cars hire out housesThe happiest thing is not that you find your prince but the one who takes you

15、as his princess.Dedicate v.奉獻(xiàn), 題獻(xiàn)給(dedicate to1.V-T If you say that someone has dedicated themselves to something, youapprove of the fact that they have decided to give a lot of time and effort to it because they think that it is important. 投身approval例: For the next few years, she dedicated herself

16、to her work.隨后的幾年里,她全身心地投入工作。dedi·cat·ed ADJ 投身于的例: He's quite dedicated to his students.他奉獻(xiàn)很多給他的學(xué)生們。dedi·ca·tion N-UNCOUNT 投身例: We admire her courage, compassion, and dedication to the cause ofhumanity, justice, and peace.我們敬佩她的勇氣、同情心以及她對(duì)人道、正義與和平的獻(xiàn)身。2.V-T If someone dedicate

17、s something such as a book, play, or piece ofmusic to you, they mention your name, for example, in the front of a book or when a piece of music is performed, as a way of showing affection or respect for you. (把創(chuàng)作品 獻(xiàn)給例: She dedicated her first album to Woody Allen, who she says understandsher obsessi

18、on.她把她的第一張唱片獻(xiàn)給伍迪·艾倫,她說(shuō)艾倫理解她的癡迷。Dedicate oneself to the cause/ dedicate myself to writingCommit oneself 致力于,奉獻(xiàn),Commit oneself to the taskCommit suicide commit a crimedevote oneself to sth devote your time your energy tobend oneself to the completion of the workexert oneself to do sthIf you are i

19、nvolved in something, you give a lot of time, effort, or attention to it. 專心于的v-link ADJ例:The family was deeply involved in Jewish culture.這家人醉心于猶太文化。An involved fatherMemory n.記憶, 記憶力, 存儲(chǔ)器, 內(nèi)存- You have a good memory.-If my memory serves (me well, .如果我沒(méi)有記錯(cuò)的話。in memory of = to the memory of 為了紀(jì)念- in

20、 memory of him = to the memory of him 為了紀(jì)念他in honor of sb 為紀(jì)念某人, 為慶祝某人we held a party in his honor. = we held a party in honor of him.Memo memorandumValiant adj.英勇的(強(qiáng)調(diào)非常勇敢- During war, soldiers are valiant.Brave adj.勇敢的- The boy is brave.Fearless adj.大無(wú)畏的, 無(wú)所畏懼的- We are fearless in time of danger. c

21、ourageous adj.有膽量的, 有勇氣的Text 課文How did Haywood make in times of peace?There was a time when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago had to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for 'protection.'pay large sums of money to sb向某人付大筆大筆的費(fèi)用in return for 目的是為了換取, 作為對(duì)的回報(bào)in order to ge

22、t- He gave me some books in return for my help.when 引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句修飾time- There was a time when mini skirt was in fashion.(Mini n.迷你型, 袖珍型 If the money was not paid promptly, the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop.Promptly = immediatelyput a man out of business 使某人失業(yè)out

23、 of business 破產(chǎn);失業(yè)by destroying his shop 通過(guò)手段- You are putting me out of patience by disturbing me.Obtaining 'protection money' is not a modern crime.Obtaining = gettingAs long ago as the fourteenth century, an Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made the remarkable discovery that people would ra

24、ther pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters.as long ago as 追溯回到(= dating back to = date from- I knew Jane as long ago as the year 1980. make the remarkable discovery 做出不同尋常的發(fā)現(xiàn) life work:畢生的事業(yè) would rather do. than do. 寧愿而不 - He would rather die than surrender.（vi.投降

25、, 自首） - I would rather play tennis than swim. would prefer to do . than do. would prefer doing . to doing. - He would prefer to die than surrender. - He would prefer dying to surrendering. would rather(sooner + that 賓語(yǔ)從句（過(guò)去式）- 虛擬語(yǔ)氣 - I would rather that you were not here. 我寧愿你不在這。 （暗含：實(shí)際你在這） - I wou

26、ld rather that I didn't see you. - He would rather that he didn't hear the news. life work 畢生的事業(yè) / have sth done Six hundred years ago, Sir Johan Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers and settled near Florence. settled near Florence 定居在 Florence 附近 · 1. V-TIf people settle a

27、n argument or problem, or if something settles it, they solve it, for example, by making a decision about who is right or about what to do. 解決 (糾紛、問(wèn)題等 例：They agreed to try to settle their dispute by negotiation. 他們同意盡量通過(guò)談判解決他們之間的糾紛。 · 2. V-T/V-IIf people settle a legal dispute or if they settle

28、, they agree to end the dispute without going to a court of law, for example, by paying some money or by apologizing. (庭外 和解 例：In an attempt to settle the case, Molken has agreed to pay restitution. 為了結(jié)此案，莫爾肯已同意賠償。 例：She got much less than she would have done if she had settled out of court. 她得到的遠(yuǎn)不如

29、她若庭外和解得到的多。 · 3. V-T/V-IIf you settle a bill or debt, you pay the amount that you owe. 結(jié)算; 算清 例：I settled the bill for my coffee and his two glasses of wine. 我為我的咖啡和他的兩杯葡萄酒付了錢。 例：She has now settled with her landlord. 她現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)和她的房東算清了。 · 4. V-TIf something is settled, it has all been decided

30、and arranged. 確定 usu passive 例：As far as we're concerned, the matter is settled. 在我們看來(lái)，此事已定。 · 5. V-T/V-IWhen people settle a place or in a place, or when a government settles them there, they start living there permanently. 定居于; 使定居; 定居 例：Refugees settling in a new country suffer from a nu

31、mber of problems. 在一個(gè)新國(guó)家定居的難民們面臨許多問(wèn)題。 例：He visited Paris and eventually settled there. 他訪問(wèn)了巴黎并最終在那兒定居了。 · 6. V-T/V-IIf you settle yourself somewhere or settle somewhere, you sit down or make yourself comfortable. 安頓; 安坐 例：Albert settled himself on the sofa. 阿爾伯特在沙發(fā)安坐下來(lái)。 ensconcein'sk ns vt.

32、 1. 使安坐；使安躺；安置： to ensconce oneself in an armchair 使自己安坐在扶手椅內(nèi) The kitten was ensconced in an easy chair. 小貓安穩(wěn)地蹲在安樂(lè)椅里。 He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto. made a name for himself = become famous - They soon made quite a name for themselves as pop si

33、ngers. come to = get to 漸漸的 come to be known 漸漸被人所熟知 - I come to be known to my students. - I got to know him. Come to When it comes to chemistry, harry always has a lot to say. As we have discussed above, we can come to the conclusion that Draw a conclusion reach a conclusion Please dont jump to th

34、e conclusion based on what he said. Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other, Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to princes who were willing to pay the high price he demanded. Whenever 無(wú)論什么時(shí)候 at war 交戰(zhàn) / at war with 于交戰(zhàn) hire 表示出租 who 指代 prince he demanded = Hawkwood demanded In t

35、imes of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state and, after burning down a few farms, would offer to go away if protection money was paid to them. in time of peace 在和平期間 march into 大踏步行軍 burn down 燒毀 / burn up 燒光 / burn out 燒空 - The house was burned out only walls left. 房子被了只剩下墻壁。 would offer to go away = would promise to go away Hawkwood made large sums of money in this way. Make great fortune In spite of this, the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero. in spite of this 盡管如此 for