英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)語法講解.

1、初中被動(dòng)語態(tài)語法講解(一)語態(tài)分類英語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài) .，主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。如： They will build a new bridge over the river. (主動(dòng) )A new bridge will be built over the river. ( 被動(dòng) )漢語中常用 “被 ”、 “給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來表示被動(dòng)，而英語用：助動(dòng)詞 be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。(二) 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化主要體現(xiàn)在 be 的變化上，其形式與系動(dòng)詞be 的變化形式完全一樣。以give 為例，列表如下：一般

2、現(xiàn)在時(shí)： am / is / are + done一般過去時(shí)： was / were + done一般將來時(shí)： shall / will + be done一般過去將來時(shí)： should / would + be done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： am / is / are + being + done過去進(jìn)行時(shí)： was / were + being + done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： have / has + been + done過去完成時(shí)： had + been + done將來完成時(shí)： shall / will + have been + done過去將來完成時(shí)： should / would + hav

3、e been + done注被動(dòng)語態(tài)沒有將來進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)。(三)常見的八種時(shí)態(tài)中的被動(dòng)語態(tài)1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：(1)People grow rice in the south of the country.Rice is grown in the south of the country.(2)The school doesn't allow us to enter lab without a teacher.We are not allowed to enter lab without a teacher.2.一般過去時(shí)：(1)They agreed on building

4、a new car factory last month.a new car building factory was agreedon last month.(2)The students didn't forget his lessons easily.His lessonswere not easily forgotten3.一般將來時(shí)：(1)They will send cars abroad by sea.Cars will be sent abroad by sea.(2)They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers.Ple

5、nty of jobs will be given to school-leavers.5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：(1)The radio is broadcasting English lessons.English lessonsare being broadcastedon the radio.(2) We are painting the rooms.The rooms are being painted.6.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：(1)The workers were mending the road.The road was being mended.(2)This time last year we

6、 were planting trees here. Trees were being planted here this time last year.7.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：(1)Someone has told methe meeting might be put off.I have been toldthe meeting might be put off.(2)He has brought his book here.His book has been broughthere.(四）含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)是由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be+ 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 ”構(gòu)成。(1)

7、You must hand in your homework after class.(2)He can write a letter with the computer.Your homework must be handed in after class.A letter can be written with the computer by him.(五)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的使用1.當(dāng)不知道或沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，這時(shí)往往不用by 短語?！?Mr. White, the cup was broken after class.”2.突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，如果需要說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者

8、，用by 短語。These records were made by John Denver.The cup was broken by Paul.3.當(dāng)主語既不是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，也不是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，這時(shí)常用in + 名詞作狀語，而代替by 短語。These cars were made in China.(六)主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法（ 1） My aunt invitedmeto her dinner party.主語謂語賓語Iwas invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party.主語謂語賓語（ 2） The school set up a speci

9、al class to help poor readers. A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school. 1.把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語。2.把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的謂語變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的be + 過去分詞，時(shí)態(tài)要與原句保持一致。3.把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by 的賓語，放在被動(dòng)語態(tài)里謂語動(dòng)詞之后，by 短語可以省略。如果原句主語是地點(diǎn)名詞，在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中用in + 地點(diǎn)名詞作狀語。rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。(七)語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)所注意的問題1. 把主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)， 其謂語動(dòng)詞

10、的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致， 其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。 We have bought a new computer.A new computer has been bought. A new computer have been bought錯(cuò).誤( )2. 含有雙賓語的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，可分別將其中的一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個(gè)不動(dòng)，一般變間接賓語為主語時(shí)比較多 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.I was given a present on my birthday.如果把直接賓語 (指物 )改為主語，則在間接賓語(指人 )前加適當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

11、介詞，如上句還可以說：A present was given to me yesterday.注意：1.一般在下列動(dòng)詞后， 常在間接賓語前用介詞 to，如：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell等。(1) The book was showed to the class.(2) My bike was lent to her.2.一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，間接賓語前用介詞 for, 如： build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find

12、, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing等。(1) A new skirt was made for me.(2) The meat was cooked for us.(3) Some country music was played for us. 3. 由動(dòng)詞 + 介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語動(dòng)詞，要把它們作為整體看，即把它們看成一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，介詞或副詞不可拆開或漏掉。這類動(dòng)詞有：不及物動(dòng)詞 + 介詞，如 : agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, lookafter, th

13、ink of, talk about 等。The patient is being operated on.The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about.及物動(dòng)詞 + 副詞：如：bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out等。His request was turned down.The spor

14、ts meet will be put off because of the bad weather4. 帶復(fù)合賓語 (賓語 + 賓補(bǔ) )的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，一般把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語改為主語，而賓語補(bǔ)足語保留在謂語動(dòng)詞后面。如：(1) We always keep the classroom clean. The classroom is always kept clean.(2) She told us to follow her instructions. We were told to follow her instructions.注意：在 see, watch, hear, noti

15、ce, listen to, look at, make, feel等動(dòng)詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞不定式都不帶to，但改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)后都帶to，這時(shí)不定式為主語補(bǔ)足語，也就是說不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語不存在省略to 的問題。We often hear him play the guitar. He is often heard toguitplary. t5. 當(dāng)主動(dòng)句的主語是 nobody, no one等含有否定意義的不定代詞時(shí)，被動(dòng)句中將其變?yōu)?anybody,作 by 的賓語，并將謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ǖ谋粍?dòng)語態(tài)。如： Nobody can answer this question.誤： The que

16、stion can be answered by nobody. 正： The question can not be answered by anybody.6. 當(dāng)否定句中的賓語是anything, anybody, anyone等不定代詞時(shí)，在被動(dòng)句中應(yīng)將其分別變?yōu)閚othing,nobody, no one作主語，并將謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榭隙ǖ谋粍?dòng)語態(tài)。如：They haven't done anything to make the riverclean.誤： Anything hasn't been done to make the river clean正.： Nothin

17、g has been done to make the river clean.7. 以 who 為主語開頭的疑問句，變被動(dòng)時(shí)，用by whom 放在句首：Who wrote the story?誤： Who was the story written?正： By whom was the story written?8. 有些動(dòng)詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和 well, badly, easily等副詞連用時(shí)，表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動(dòng)詞，用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)，這時(shí)不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，常見的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook等。如：(1)The clot

18、h washes easily. 這布很好洗。 (2)The new product sells well. 這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。對(duì)比： The books sell well. (主動(dòng)句 )The books were sold out. (被動(dòng)句 )The meat didn t cook well主.動(dòng)(句 )The meat was cooked for a long time. 被(動(dòng)句 )9. 下列情況主動(dòng)句不能改為被動(dòng)句：feel，look, seem, taste, sound, remain等。第一，感官系動(dòng)詞一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，如：(1) Do you like the

19、 material? Yes, it feels very soft.誤： It is felt very soft.(2)The food tastes delicious.(3)The pop music sounds beautiful.誤： The food is tasted delicious.誤： The pop music is sounded beautiful.第二，謂語是及物動(dòng)詞leave, enter, reach, suit, have, benefit, lack, own等。如：He entered the room and got his book.She had her hand burned.誤： The room was entered and his book was got.誤： Her hand was had burned.第三，一些不及物動(dòng)詞短語沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)： take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to 等。 The fire broke out in the capital building. 誤： The fire was broke out in the capital building. 第四，不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如