中考英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)：主謂一致(共9頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上中考英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)：主謂一致主謂一致的原則有三個(gè)：語法一致、意義一致和就近原則。一 語法一致語法一致即單數(shù)主語要用單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞，復(fù)數(shù)主語要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞。如：My bike is under the tree.我的自行車在樹下。These books are old .這些書是舊的。1. and和bothand連接兩個(gè)或三個(gè)名詞、代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Mike and John are good friends .邁克和約翰是好朋友。Both bread and milk are good for you .面包和牛奶對(duì)你都有好處。2. 主語后接with

2、 , as well as , including , besides , except , but等詞或短語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由主語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定。He with his parents is working in the fields .他正和他的父母在地里干活。She as well as other students likes playing computer games.她和其他學(xué)生一樣，也喜歡玩電腦游戲。3. 當(dāng)主語前有every . each . either. neither修飾或each . either. Neither作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。如：Every minu

3、te is important to us . 每分鐘對(duì)我們都很重要。Each student has a book .每一個(gè)學(xué)生都有一本書。Each of the girls has a big apple in their hands .每一個(gè)女孩的手里都有一個(gè)蘋果。Either answer is correct .兩個(gè)答案都是正確的。4. 不定代詞either , neither , each one , the other , another , anybody , anything , someone , nobody , nothing 等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Someb

4、ody is waiting for you outside .有人在外面等你。Is everybody here today ?今天大家都到齊了嗎？5. “a number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)” （許多、一些）= many 作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式?！皌he number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)”（的數(shù)量）作主語時(shí)， 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 如： A number of trees are cut down .許多樹被砍伐。The number of students in our class is 45 .我們班的學(xué)生數(shù)目是45。6. a lot of (lots of) / plenty

5、of +名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞由of后的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。如果of后是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果of后是名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Most of time is used for playing computer games .大部分時(shí)間用來玩電腦游戲。Plenty of workers are working .許多工人正在工作。7. 不定式或v.-ing形式作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Learning English is necessary for us .學(xué)英語對(duì)于我們來說是有必要的。To play with fire near a gas station is ver

6、y dangerous .在加油站附近玩火很危險(xiǎn)。二 意義一致意義一致就是根據(jù)句子主語意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)來確定謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。1. and連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語，在意義上指同一人、同一物或同一概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：The famous singer and dancer is coming to Chongqing .那位著名的歌唱家兼舞蹈家要來重慶。2. 表示時(shí)間、金錢、距離、重量等的名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí)，通常被看作一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Ten years has passed quickly .10年很快就過去了。Ten dollars is enough .10美元就夠了。100

7、kilometers is a long way .100公里是一段很長(zhǎng)的路。3. 集體名詞（如family / class等）如果表示集體概念，則謂語動(dòng)詞必須用單數(shù)形式，如果表示集體中的成員，則謂語動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：My family is a small one with three people .我家是一個(gè)有著三口人的小家庭。My family all like classical music .我的家人都喜歡古典音樂。4. 加、減、乘、除運(yùn)算中的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Two and two is four .2加2 等于4. Six times two is twelve .6乘

8、2等于12.5. “one and a half +名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：One and a half pears is left on the plate .一個(gè)半梨被留在盤子里。6. “the +形容詞”作主語時(shí)，表示某類人，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：The sick are taken good care of .病人得到了很好的照顧。三 就近原則有時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞的形式與主語并不一致，而是與它最近的主語保持一致。1. 由either or , neither nor , not only but also , not but或or連接兩個(gè)并列主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞在數(shù)上與最鄰近它的主

9、語保持一致。如：Not only Lily but also Jack has gone to beijing .不僅莉莉去了北京，杰克也去了北京。Not you ,but I am wrong .不是你，而是我錯(cuò)了。Either my father or my brother is coming .我父親來，要不然就是我弟弟來。2. There be或Here be后面接并列的名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞在數(shù)上應(yīng)與最鄰近的名詞保持一致。如：There is a pen and two pencils on the desk .課桌上有一支鋼筆和兩支鉛筆。Here are some flowers and

10、 a card for you .這是給你的一些花和一張卡片。練習(xí)：一、 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. _ (be) everything OK?2. Nobody _ (know) the answer to the question.3. Not only she but also I _ (do) morning exercises every day.4. Either you or she _ (have) made a wrong decision.5. The family _(be) spending the weekend together .6. Bread and bu

11、tter _ (be) her daily breakfast.7. All of the work _ (be) finished.8. The old _ (be) well looked after here.9. - How much _ (be) the shoes? - Five dollars _ (be) enough.10. Neither Jim nor his parents _ (live) in China.11. Talking loudly in public _ (be) impolite.12. Three hours _ (be) quite a long

12、time for the students to play computer games every day.13. Everything _ (begin) to grow fast in spring.14. Tom with his friends often _ (go) skating on weekends.二、 單項(xiàng)選擇1. There _ a pencil and some books on the desk. A. has B. are C. is2. Nobody except you _ late for the meeting yesterday afternoon.

13、A. is B. were C. was 3. As we all know, the Japanese _ Japanese. A. speak B. spoke C. speaks4. Kate as well as most girls _ wearing beautiful clothes, but her family _ very poor. A. like; is B. likes; is C. likes; are5. My shoes _ worn out .Can you buy me a new pair? - Oh, look ! There _ a pair of n

14、ew shoes that I bought for you. A. is; are B. are; is C. is; is 6. Doing eye exercises _ good for our eyes. A. is B. are C. be7. Are there any _ on the farm? A. sheep B. duck C. horse8. There _ a lot of good news in todays newspaper. A. was B. are C. is 9. Both John and Mary _ interesting in skating

15、. A. is B. are C. were10. Each of the students _ a computer in our class. A. have B. has C. there is11. All of my money _ stolen last night. A. has B. is C. was12. The police _ for the lost child on the hill now. A. looks B. is looking C. are looking13.Three kilometers _ a long way. Youd better take

16、 a taxi. A. is B. are C. was14. Every girl and every boy _ in new clothes today. A. are B. is C. were15. The Blacks _ getting ready for their holiday. A. is B. are C. be16. The musician and writer _ to visit our school. A. is coming B. are coming C. enjoy17. The headmaster as well as all the teacher

17、s _A. have gone to the museum B. are having a meeting C. is planting trees on the hill 18. Two thirds of them _ Young Pioneers. A. was B. is C. are 答案：CCABB AACBB CCABB ACC中 考 語 法 專 項(xiàng) 復(fù) 習(xí)特殊句型一 虛擬語氣1. 虛擬語氣表示說話人的愿望、假設(shè)、懷疑、猜測(cè)或建議等，所表示的不是客觀存在的現(xiàn)實(shí)。它主要用于if條件狀語從句。2. if條件狀語從句 真實(shí)條件從句（假設(shè)條件可以實(shí)現(xiàn)） 非真實(shí)條件從句（不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的假設(shè)）3

18、. 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)結(jié)構(gòu)：If +主語+動(dòng)詞過去式（be用were），主語+ would (should / could / might) +動(dòng)詞原形 如： If I won a million dollars , I would give it to charities .如果我中了一百萬，我會(huì)把它捐慈善機(jī)給構(gòu)。 If I were you , I would take that job . 我要是你，我就接受那份工作。4. 與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)結(jié)構(gòu)：If +主語+ had +過去分詞，主語+ would (should / could / might) + have +過去分詞 如：

19、If you had taken my advice , you wouldnt have failed .如果你接受我的建議，你就不會(huì)失敗了。 If I had know that earlier, I wouldnt have done it .如果我早點(diǎn)兒知道那件事的話，我就不會(huì)去做它了。二 倒裝句英語中最基本的語序是“主語+謂語”，但有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，會(huì)改變這種基本的語序，而把謂語的全部或一部分放在主語之前，這叫倒裝。1. 大部分疑問句使用了倒裝語序Where are you from ?你是哪里人？What did she do with the bike ?她是怎樣處理那輛自行車

20、的？2. 以here或there開頭的句子常用倒裝語序以here或there開頭的句子，若后面的主語為名詞（詞組），主謂要倒裝。如：There is a boy standing in front of the school gate .有一個(gè)男孩正站在學(xué)校的大門前。Here comes the bus.公共汽車來了。 There goes the bell .鈴響了。 以here或there開頭的句子，若后面的主語為人稱代詞，主謂不能倒裝。如：Here you are .給你。3. 由so引起的倒裝句在前面陳述的肯定情況也適用于另一者時(shí)，通常用由so引起的倒裝句，即“so + be動(dòng)詞 /

21、助動(dòng)詞 / 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 主語”表示“另一者也如此”。如：You are a student . So am I. 你是一名學(xué)生，我也是。You usually go to school by bike , and so does he .你通常騎自行車去上學(xué)，他也是。I can fly a kite , and so can she .我會(huì)放風(fēng)箏，她也會(huì)。 若對(duì)前面所說的事實(shí)加以肯定，則用“so +主語 +be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”表示“的確如此”。這兩個(gè)句子的主語指的是同一人或同一物。如：-He likes English .他喜歡英語。 -Its a cloudy day today

22、.今天是個(gè)陰天。-So he does .他的確喜歡英語。 -So it is .的確如此。4. 由neither / nor引起的倒裝句在前面陳述的否定情況也適用于另一者時(shí)，通常用由neither / nor引起的倒裝句，即“neither / nor + be動(dòng)詞 / 助動(dòng)詞 / 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 主語”表示“另一者也不如此”。如：I havent bought a new pen , and neither/nor has Lucy .我沒買新鋼筆，露西也沒買。She doesnt like tea .Neither / nor do I .她不喜歡喝茶，我也不喜歡。三 省略句句子應(yīng)該具備的

23、成分，有時(shí)為了使語言簡(jiǎn)潔，在句中并不出現(xiàn)，這種句子叫省略句。省略句能表達(dá)完整的意義。初中階段接觸的省略句主要有以下幾種：簡(jiǎn)單句的省略、并列句的省略、復(fù)合句的省略。1. 簡(jiǎn)單句的省略 How are you , Mike ? 邁克，你好嗎？ - Fine, Thank you. 很好，謝謝你。 Is this pen yours ? 這支鋼筆是你的嗎？ - No, its not mine. Its Lilys (pen). 不，不是我的。那時(shí)莉莉的。 Would you like to go out with us this afternoon ? 今天下午你愿意和我們一起出去嗎？ - Yes

24、, Id like / love to (go out with you this afternoon). 是的，我愿意。2. 并列句的省略 She was poor but (she was) honest . 她雖然窮，但很誠實(shí)。 Peter ate an egg and (Peter) drank a cup of milk .皮特吃了一個(gè)雞蛋，喝了一杯牛奶。3. 復(fù)合句的省略 (I am) Sorry that I am late .對(duì)不起，我遲到了。 Please pass me a book , I dont care which (you pass me) .遞給我一本書，我不在

25、乎給我哪一本。 - Will Tom come here ?湯姆會(huì)來這兒?jiǎn)幔?- Yes, he will. But I dont know when (he will come) .是的，他會(huì)。但我不知道他什么時(shí)候來。 由which / when / where / how / why引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，可全部或部分省去，只保留引導(dǎo)詞。 Do you think it will rain ?你認(rèn)為會(huì)下雨嗎？ - I hope not / that it will not rain .我希望不會(huì)。 Can you come to the party tomorrow evening ?明天晚上你會(huì)

26、來參加聚會(huì)嗎？ - I think so / that I can come to the party tomorrow evening .我想能來。 用Im afraid / I think / I believe / I hope / I guess等作答時(shí)，其后的賓語從句常省略。如果從句是肯定句，則用so代替；如果從句是否定句，則用not代替。練習(xí)：一、單項(xiàng)選擇1. Yao Ming is one of the best basketball players in NBA. -_ , and _.A. So is he; so is Kobe B. So he is; so is Kobe C. So is he; so Kobe is2. Look, here _ the bus . A .are coming B. come C. comes3. Would you like to go fishing? -If Li Ping d