動詞時態(tài)的講解和練習

1、北京四中撰稿老師：黃 浩 編審老師：蔡正禮 責任編輯：丁 華動詞時態(tài)的講解和練習一、中考對動詞的知識要求中考對動詞的考查主要集中在：1掌握動詞的現(xiàn)在時第三人稱單數(shù)、過去式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞四種形式的構成規(guī)則；2、掌握動詞六種時態(tài)的基本結構，主要用法及區(qū)別（一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、過去進行時、現(xiàn)在進行時和現(xiàn)在完成時）3、掌握系動詞 be, look, feel, smell, get, become, turn, keep 等的基本用法；4、了解過去將來時、過去完成時態(tài)的基本用法；5、掌握助動詞 be, do, have, shall, will的基本用法；6、掌握情態(tài)動詞 can

2、, must, n eed, may等基本句型結構及主要用法；7、了解一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時三種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的結構形式及其基本用 法；8、了解含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的構成形式及其基本用法；9、掌握句子主謂一致的基本原則；10、掌握動詞不定式作賓語、狀語的基本用法；11、了解動詞不定式作主語、定語、表語的基本用法。二、動詞考察點分項說明：（一）掌握動詞的現(xiàn)在時第三人稱單數(shù)、過去式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞四種形式的構成規(guī)則;1動詞現(xiàn)在時的第三人稱單數(shù)的構成:動詞特征變化例詞1詞詞尾加眉look- looks find- finds以3耀也sh或o結尾同尾加-eswatch- watche

3、s, push- pushes以用輔音字母+嚴結屋變乎/i再加心Uy- flies, apply” applies2、動詞的過去式及過去分詞的構成:規(guī)則動詞的變化：規(guī)則動詞的過去式和過去分詞的構成方法是相同的。秒詞特征變化例啟卜®8詞滴尾加弋dlook- looked, looked以已結尾1詞尾加dlive- lived, lived以“輔音事母卡護結亀變y為i,苒加刖carry-earned, carried以重讀閉音節(jié)或r音節(jié)結尾,且末尾 虹有一個輔音字廚收寫該輔音字母，再加七dstop- stopped, topped不規(guī)則動詞的變化。（略）3、動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞的構成:助詞特征

4、變優(yōu)-j例詞Jp股動詞貢接加-ingLook-looking watch- watching去亡加-ingcome- coming move- moving以重讀閉音節(jié)或r音節(jié)結尾，且末尾只有一個輔音字先雙寫該輔昔字母，再加-ing 辰swuri' swunniingrun- running以唸結尾且為重讀開音節(jié)變ie加y再加ingdie-dying lie-lying（二）掌握動詞六種時態(tài)的基本結構，主要用法及區(qū)別（一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將 來時、過去進行時、現(xiàn)在進行時和現(xiàn)在完成時）1、一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時常用來表示現(xiàn)在習慣或經常反復發(fā)生的動作，與always, usually

5、, often,sometimes, every day （week, mon th）等連用；表示現(xiàn)在的事實或狀態(tài)；表示主語所具有的特征,性格和能力；以及表示客觀事實或普遍其理。一般現(xiàn)在時的構成:般現(xiàn)在時通常以動詞原形表示，但當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，動詞原形后需加-s或-es。She likes biology very much.她非常喜歡生物。They often go to school by bike.他們通常騎車上學。2、一般過去時一般過去時表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示過去時間的副詞如：yesterday,last week, two hours ago等連用；表示過去一

6、段時間經?；蚍磸桶l(fā)生的動作，這時可與頻度 副詞often, usually, always等連用；表示過去發(fā)生的一連串動作，以及在時間和條件狀語從 句中，用一般過去時表示過去將來的動作。一般過去時的構成：一般過去時由動詞的過去式構成。We met each other on the street yesterday.我們昨天在街上碰見了。She often went swimming last year. 她去年經常去游泳。They moved the chairs to the table, sat dow n and bega n to have supper.他們把椅子搬到桌邊，坐下開始

7、吃飯。Mary told me that she would stay at home if it rained.瑪麗告訴我如果下雨她就呆在家里。3、一般將來時next month,一般將來時表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示將來的時間狀語如 tomorrow, in a week, soon 等連用。一般將來時的構成:1）一般將來時由助動詞will/shall+動詞原形”構成。其中shall主要用于主語是第一人稱（I和we）的疑問句中。2）也可以用“ be going to動詞原形”這個結構來表示根據目前跡象很有可能發(fā)生的某件事情, 或是打算、計劃、以及決定要做某件事情等。They w

8、ill have a class meeting next Tuesday. 他們下周二將舉行班會。We shall meet at the school gate.我們將在學校大門口見。It is going to rain. 要下雨了。4、現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進行或發(fā)生的動作，常與now, at present, at this moment等連用;或與these days, this week/month等連用，表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。有時還與always,continually, forever等詞連用，表示反復出現(xiàn)的動作，代替一般現(xiàn)在時，表達說話人強烈的 感情。如贊揚、

9、不滿、討厭等。如：He is always asking such silly questions.他老是提這類愚蠢的問題?，F(xiàn)在進行時的構成：現(xiàn)在進行時由 “ be (am/is/are) +V-ing ”勾成。They are watchi ng TV now. 他們正在看電視。The dog is enjoying his meal. 小狗正在吃飯。5、過去進行時 過去進行時的用法與現(xiàn)在進行時用法相同，只不過參照的時間基準點不同。過去進行表示過去某一時刻正在進行的動作。一般和特定的時間狀語或狀語從句連用。如：then, at that time, at eight yesterday, t

10、his time yesterday, when he came in 等。 過去進行時的構成與現(xiàn)在進行時類似，只不過把be (am, is, are)變?yōu)檫^去式(was, were)They were watchi ng TV at that time. 他們那會正在看電視。The dog was enjoying his meal at this time yesterday. 小狗昨天這個時候正在吃飯。6、現(xiàn)在完成時 表示動作已經完成，但后果或影響仍在，常與already, just, yet等副詞連用；或是表示過去發(fā)生的動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，常與for或since引導的一段時間狀語連用。

11、 現(xiàn)在完成時由助動詞“have/has過去分詞"構成。He has already come back.他已經回來了。(三) 掌握系動詞 be, look, feel, smell, get, become, turn, keep 等的基本用法；常見的連系動詞有：become, turn, get, grow, keep, feel, look, seem, smell, fall 等。它們后面常接形容詞，構成系表結構。Please keep the classroom clea n.請保持教室的干凈。The bread looks very fresh.這些面包看上去很新鮮。(四)

12、 了解過去將來時、過去完成時態(tài)的基本用法；過去將來時表示從過去某一時點看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去將來時和一般將來時的構成相同，只是把will, shall變?yōu)檫^去式 would, should，把助動詞be的過去式變?yōu)檫^去 式was或were而已。如：They were going to have a meeting.他們曾打算開會。過去完成時表示在過去某一時刻或動作之前已完成的行為或存在的狀態(tài)。與現(xiàn)在完成的用法相同，只不過作為衡量基準點的時間點不同，現(xiàn)在完成時以現(xiàn)在作為衡量的基準點，而過去完成時則以過去某個時刻作為基準點。它表示在過去某一時刻或動作之前完成了的動作， 即 過去的過去”

13、，常by, before引導的時間狀語連用。如：By the time he was ten, Edis on had built a lab for himself.到愛迪生10歲時，他已給自己建了一個實驗室。She said she had worked in that hospital for 20 years.她說她已在那所醫(yī)院工作 20 年了。（五）掌握助動詞 be, do, have, shall, will的基本用法；助動詞是 輔助性”動詞，一般沒有詞義，不能單獨作謂語，但可用來幫助構成謂語，表示不同的時態(tài)，語態(tài)，和數(shù)的變化。常見的助動詞有：（1）be （am, is, are,

14、 was, were, being, been）與現(xiàn)在分詞結合，構成各種進行時態(tài)；或與過去 分詞結合構成被動語態(tài)。I'm look ing for my pen.我正在找我的筆。（現(xiàn)在進行時）These cups are made in Chi na.這些杯子是中國制造的。（被動語態(tài)）（2）have （has, had, having）與過去分詞結合，構成完成時。They have known each other for twenty years.他們互相認識有二十年了。（現(xiàn)在完成時）He had built a chemistry lab for himself at the ag

15、e of ten.他十歲時就已經為自己建了一個化學實驗室。（過去完成時）（3） do （does, did）助動詞do后只能跟動詞原形，與not及其他動詞結合構成否定句，或置 于主語之前構成疑問句。He does not speak En glish.他不說英語。When did he come back?他什么時候回來的？（4） will （would）, shall （should） will能用于一般將來時的任何人稱后；would是will的過去時，能用于過去將來時；兩者后面都接動詞原形。The pla ne will arrive in ten mi nu tes.飛機十分鐘后將要到達

16、。I was sure we would wi n. 我確信我們會贏。shall與should這兩個助動詞本身沒有詞義，shall只能用于一般將來時的第一人稱后；should是shall的過去時，只能用于過去將來時的第一人稱后；兩者后面都接動詞原形。We shall meet at the school gate tomorrow. 我們明天將在校門口見。I told them that I should do the work alo ne. 我告訴他們我將獨自做那項工作。三、鏈接中考1. （2008 南京）Did you see a girl in white pass by just n

17、ow?No, sir. Ia n ewspaper.A. read B. was readi ng C. would read D. am readi ng.答案：B【解析】此題考查的是過去進行時態(tài)。根據題意：我在那個時候正在看報，是過去 進行時。故選B。2. （2008 河北）How's Annie? Iher for a long time.A. don't see B. won't see C. did n't see D. have n't see n答案：D【解析】此題考查的是現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)?！癴or a long time用于現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)中，故

18、選D。3. （2008 杭州）Happ in ess _in her gra ndfather's eyes every time he hears her voice.A. shines B. is shone C. Has shone D. was shone答案：A【解析】此題考查的是一般現(xiàn)在時。根據句意每次聽到他的聲音，她的眼睛里閃爍著幸福”，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時。故選A。4. （2008 河南）Look! The light is still on in Mr. Zhan g's office.rm afraid hehis work yet.A. does n'

19、t finish B. did n't finish C. has n't fini shed D. won't finish答案：C【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。本題出現(xiàn)了yet通常用于現(xiàn)在完成時。我恐怕他也不能完成工作。故選C。5. (2008 福建三明)The grand buildingsin two years.A. were built B. are built C. will be built答案：C【解析】此題考查的是一般將來時的被動語態(tài)?！癷n 一段時間”用于一般將來時中,又句子的主語是物，所以用被動語態(tài)。故選C。6. (2008 湖北咸寧)Some of t

20、he plastic bags can'tafter June1.Yes, people will use environmen tal bags in stead.A. use B. be use C. be used D. are used答案：C【解析】此題考查的是含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。根據句子的主語是物，可推知用 被動語態(tài)，又句子中有情態(tài)動詞can't,故選Co四、分類訓練I、適當形式填空現(xiàn)在進行時1. Look! The bus (come)2. What are the students doing?They (watch) a basketball match

21、on the playgro und.3. Liste n! Some one (cry) in the room.4. Wei Fang is ill. She ( stay) in bed now.5. Whatthey (do) now?They (climb ) the hill.一般現(xiàn)在時1. Tom often (watch) TV on Saturday?Yes, he.2. Li Fang (be) good at maths.3. He usually (watch) TV in the evening.4. My sister (not like ) swimming.5.

22、 They often (play) football after school.一般將來時1.1 don't know whether Motherme to Beiji ng next mon th. (take)2. I (write ) to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.3. I don't think that it (rain) tomorrow.4. They ( build) a new bridge over the river next year.5. The students (clean) their classro

23、om tomorrow.一般過去時1. Sheon her coat and went out. (put)2. When they (reach the station, the train had already left.3. The story (happen) long ago.4. He ( not do) his homework last night.5. The scientist (give) us a talk yesterday.過去進行時1. The twins(dig) a hole for a young tree at that time yesterday.2

24、. It (rain ) outside the n. He had to take the rain coat with him.3. They (do) their lessons at eight yesterday evening.4. Mr. Black (talk) with my mother when I saw him.5. The children (watch) TV at seven last night.6. His aunt (do ) some cooking when he came in.7. He (do ) his homework at eight ye

25、sterday.8. When his teacher came, he (talk) with his classmates.9. It was twelve o'clock at ni ght. Mr. Listill (work) in the tab.10. he ( do) his homework at eight last night?11. He ( mend) his motorbike when I saw him.12. John and his sister (pick) apples in the garden when we went to visit th

26、emthis morni ng.13. Who knocked at the door when I (sleep) ?14. Whatyou (do)from eight to ten yesterday morning?15. He (lie ) in bed when I came into the room.現(xiàn)在完成時1. Wei Fang isn't here. She (go) to the readi ng room.2. Zhang Hong (make)many friends since she came to Paris.3. She (work) in this

27、 factory for ten years.4. They (not hear) from each other since 1995.5. you (finish ) your homework yet?No, not yet.6. Where is Jim?He (go) to Canada.7. How longyou (be)at this school?8. I (have) breakfast already.9. She (study) En glish for three years.10. Inever (see) such a won derful match befor

28、e.參考答案：現(xiàn)在進行時：1. is coming 2. are watch ing 3. is crying 4. is stay ing 5. are doing, are climb ing一般現(xiàn)在時1. Does, watch, does, 2. is 3. watches4. does n't like 5. play一般將來時1. will take 2. will write 3. will rain4. will build 5. will clea n一般過去時1. put 2. reached 3. happe ned4. did n't do 5. gav

29、e過去進行時1. were diggi ng 2. was rai ning 3. were doing4. was talki ng 5. were watchi ng 6. was doing7. was doing 8. was talking 9. was, working10. was, doing 11. was mending 12. were pick ing13. was sleep ing 14. were, doing 15. was lying現(xiàn)在完成時1. has gone 2. has made 3. has worked4. have n't heard

30、5. have, fini shed 6. has gone7. have, bee n 8. have had 9. has studied10. have, see nn、單選選擇現(xiàn)在進行時1.youyour homework now?A. Are, do B. Do, do C. Will, do D. Are, doi ng2. Look, theya good time.A. has B. have C. are havi ng D. had3. I can't find my pen. Can I use yours?Sorry, Iit now.A. am using B

31、. was using C. have used D. used4. youto the radio?No, you can turn it off.A. Did, liste n B. Have, liste ned C. Do, liste n D. Are, liste ning5. Look! Some childre ngames on the playgro und.A. is play ing B. are play ing C. are played D. is going to play6. Don't go out no w. Ithard.A. will rain

32、 B. is rains C. is rai ning D. raining7. Don't make any no ise. The teachersa meet ing.A. are havi ng B. is havi ng C. have D. will have8. I must go now. Li Leifor me at the school gate.A. wait B. waiti ng C. is waiti ng D. waits9. It's eight o'clock. The stude ntsan En glish class.A. ha

33、ve B. havi ng C. is havi ng D. are havi ng10. Liste n! Some onein the n ext room.A. sings B. is si nging C. are si nging D. is si ng一般現(xiàn)在時1. Jim usuallyup at five.A. get B. got C. is getti ng D. gets2. hehimself there?No, I don't think so.A. Do, enjoy B. Does, enjoies C. Does, enjoys D. Does, enj

34、oy3. He usuallyTV on Sun day evening.A. watch B. watches C. watch ing D. is watch ing4. He ofte nschool on foot.A. goes B. go to C. go D. goes to5. MikeTV twice a week.A. watch B. watches C. watched D. has watched6. I'll go with you as soon as Imy work.A. will finish B. finished C. finish D. wou

35、ld finish7. He will do better in En glish if heharder.A. will work B. works C. working D. work8. The supermarket is far from Lily's house. So sheonly once a week.A. goes shopp ing B. has bee n there C. was shopp ing D. has gone there9. Ask him if heto the party. If he, let me know.A. comes; come

36、s B. will come; comesC. comes, will come D. will come; will come10. What did the teacher say just now?He said that the earthround the sun.A. go B. goes C. going D. will go11. She will have a holiday as soon as shethe work next week.A. fini shes B. does n't finish C. will finish D. won't fini

37、sh12. your mothersome clea ning on Sun days?A. Does, does B. Do, does C. Does, do D. Do, do13. Tomto work hard to help his family?Yes, he.A. Has, X, does B. Has, X, doesC. Does, has, has D. Does, have, does14. Mr. Black oftenfishi ng on Sun days.A. go B. goes C. don't go D. is n't go15. We d

38、on't go to play with snow if ittomorrow.A. snow B. snows C. will snow D. sno wed16. Neither I nor heFrench.A. speak B. does n't speak C. speaks D. does n't speak17. your father usually go to work early every day?A. Was B. Were C. Do D. Does18. youEn glish every morning?A. Are, read B. Do

39、, read C. Does, read D. Are, readi ng19. I will give the note to him as soon as heback.A. get B. gets C. got D. will get20. The stude nts will go to the Great Wall if ittomorrow.A. is n't rain B. does n't rain C. don't rain D. rain一般將來時1. Theya basketball match n ext Sun day.A. watch B.

40、will watchC. watched D. are watch ing2. The Greensback in a week.A. is B. are C. will be D. was3. Therea party ton ight.A. will have B. is going to beC. is going to have D. was going to be4. Don't hurry! We can get to the bus stati on in time and wethe early bus.A. don't miss B. can miss C.

41、will miss D. won't miss5. Wea class meet ing this November.A. had B. have C. will have D. are hav ing6. Hein his garde n every morning n ext year.A. will work B. works C. worked D. is worki ng7. Be careful. The trai nA. will come B. come C. comes D. is coming8. Look at those clouds. Itsoon, I

42、9;m afraid.A. is going to rain B. is rai ning C. will rain D. won't rain9. The radio says itthe day after tomorrow.A. is going to snow B. is snowing C. will snow D. snows10. hesome shopp ing tomorrow after noon ?A. Will, does B. Is, going to do C. Is, doing D. Shall, do一般過去時1. Wea football match

43、 three weeks ago.A. have B. will have C. had D. are hav ing2. Our teacherEn glish on the radio the day before yesterday.A. teaches B. taught C. will teach D. had taught3. youout for a walk after supper?Yes, I.A. Did, went, went B. Did, go, went C. Did, we nt, did D. Did, go, did4. Tom and Jim in the

44、 classroom just now?A. Was B. Are C. Were D. Is5. When Iher in the hall, she was play ing the pia no.A. see B. saw C. will see D. am see ing6. He tur ned off the lights and the nthe classroom.A. leaves B. will leave C. is leaving D. left7. a sports meeti ng last Sun day ? Yes, they.A. Did they have,

45、 did B. Did they have, hadC. Had they, had D. Had they, did8. Mr. KingChi na last year.A. visit B. visited C visits D. visit ing9. Our headmasterhere a mome nt ago.A. is B. was C. are D. were10. Theythe lost child last night.A. finded B. finds C. found D. find過去進行時1. Ia letter at nine last ni ght.A.

46、 is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. is writing2. Whatyouabout whe n the teacher came into the classroom?A. are, talki ng B. are, talkC. were, talk D. were, talki ng3. I called you yesterday evening, but there was no an swer.Oh, I am sorry. Idinner at my frien d's home.A. have B. had C. was ha

47、vi ng D. have had4. Li Pinghis bike at this time yesterday.A. would mend B. has men dedC. was mending D. men ded5. “ Whatyouat noon yesterday?”"Ithe clothes. ”A. were, doing, was washi ngB. are, doing, was wash ingC. did, do, am wash ingD. do, do, wash ing6. The teacher and writerdoing morni ng

48、 exercises this time yesterday.A. is B. was C. are D. were7. When we got to the small village at the foot of mountain, ithard.A. is rai ning B. rained C. was rai ning D. were rai ning8. Mrs. Blackwith my mother whe n I saw her an hour ago.A. talks B. was talki ngC. has talked D. is talki ng9. What w

49、ere you doing last ni ght?Ian in teresti ng no vel.A. am look ing B. was look ingC. am readi ng D. was read ing10. What was Sasha doing whe n Misha kn ocked at the door?A. Yes, he was cook ing. B. He is watch ing TV.C. No, he isn't in. D. He was writing a letter.現(xiàn)在完成時1.1in Beiji ng since 1956.A.

50、 will live B. live C. have lived D. lived2. Mr. Liin Shan ghai since he was born.A. lived B. lives C. has lived D. will live3. Where is Mr. Li? Heto Lon do n.A. has gone B. went C. will go D. go4. Hefrom Beiji ng for three years.A. has bee n away B. has goneC. has left D. has come5. Lucy,you your ti

51、cket?Not yet.A. did; find B. have; foundC. has; found D. do; find6. Ithe pen for two weeks.A. have bought B. have borrowedC. have had D. have lent7. How long have youthe book? For two weeks.A. borrowed B. keptC. lent D. bought8. How many timesyouto Beiji ng this year?Three times.A. have; been B. had

52、; beenC. have; gone D. had; gone9.1to Shan ghai three times.A. have gone B. have bee nC. went D. go10. Wang Haihis homework and now he is watch ing TV.A. has fini shed B. fini shedC. will finish D. finishes11. The Green familyLondon for n early two years.They all miss their hometow n very much.A. le

53、ft B. will leaveC. have left D. have bee n away from12. Her gra ndpare ntsfor ten years.A. died B. have diedC. were dead D. have bee n dead13. How long have youthe motorbike?For about two weeks.A. bought B.hadC. borrowed D. le nt14. My un cleBeijing last week. Heaway for a week.A. left, has left B.

54、will leave, has bee nC. left, has bee n D. left, was15. you everto the Un ited States?Yes, twice.A. Have, gone B. Have, bee nC. Do, go D. Were, going16. Excuse me, look at the sign NO PHOTOS!Sorry, Iit.A. don't see B. did n't seeC. have n't see n D. won't see17. The En glish teacher

55、isn't here. Sheto the office.A. has bee n B. has goneC. would go D. went18. “ How long has Jim ?”“ For about eight weeks. ”A. gone away B. left homeC. bee n away D. retur ned home19. Mr. Brow nmany friends si nee he came to Ch ina.A. has made B. has makeC. makes D. is going to make20. “youa new

56、dictionary?”“ Not yet.A. Has, buy B. Has, boughtC. Did, buy D. Have, bought參考答案：現(xiàn)在進行時：1 -5 DCADB 6 10 CACDB一般現(xiàn)在時：1 -5 DDBDB 6 10 CBABB 11 15 ACDBB 16 20 CDBBB一般將來時：1 -5 BCBDC 6 10 ADACB一般過去時：1-5 CBDCB 6 10 DABBC過去進行時：1-5 BDCCA 6 10 BCBDD現(xiàn)在完成時：1-5 CCAAB 6 10 CBABA 11 15 DDBCB 16 20 CBCAD川、綜合習題精選1. His father any wash ing in the morning.A. does n't do B. does n't C. does n't does D. does n't does2. I 1000 En glish words by the end of last term.A.