小升初英語語法 重難點集匯

1、小升初英語語法重難點集匯來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)文章作者:匿名2009-02-24 13:51:59標簽:語法英語(一主謂一致主謂一致是指一個句子的主語和謂語動詞保持數(shù)的一致關(guān)系。一個句子中主謂一致,通常指三個基本原則:語法一致,即形式上一致;概念一致,即概念或意念上的一致;毗鄰一致,即謂語動詞的形式與鄰近的名(一主謂一致主謂一致是指一個句子的主語和謂語動詞保持數(shù)的一致關(guān)系。一個句子中主謂一致,通常指三個基本原則:語法一致,即形式上一致;概念一致,即概念或意念上的一致;毗鄰一致,即謂語動詞的形式與鄰近的名詞一致。一、語法一致原則1、在通常情況下,一個句子的主語和謂語在語法形式上保持一致。即主語為單數(shù)形式,謂

2、語也為單數(shù)形式;主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語也為復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:This exercise on English idioms is not easy.這個英語短語練習不容易。2、在“there be”結(jié)構(gòu)中,“be”的單復(fù)數(shù)取決與后面主語的數(shù).如:There has been little change in this city.這個城市沒有多少變化。3、“one of”結(jié)構(gòu),位于用單數(shù),“two of”結(jié)構(gòu)位于用復(fù)數(shù)One of the things I want to do is traveling.我想做的一件事是去旅行。Two of the boys have lost their way h

3、ome.有兩個男孩回家迷路了。3、倒裝句的主語在謂語之后,避免誤用。Never before has she been to Paris!她以前從未去過巴黎。二、概念一致1、主語是抽象概念、短語或從句,謂語用單數(shù)形式。如:To tell lies is wrong.說謊是不正確的。(不定式做主語Keeping the house is a tiring job.管理家務(wù)是一件很勞累的事。(動名詞做主語How this happened is not clear to anyone.(從句做主語注意:(1用what或which引導(dǎo)的主語從句或簡單句中的數(shù)的概念取決于后面的表語,因為它們在邏輯上的

4、意義是相同的。如:Which is your seat?你的座位是哪一個?Which are your seats?你們的座位是哪些?(2單個的分詞作主語,不定式作主語,以及主語從句,謂語都用單數(shù),若用連接上述的相同兩個成分,謂語才用復(fù)數(shù)。2、兩個或兩個以上的主語用and和both連接時,謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。3、and連接的并列主語指同一人或同一樣?xùn)|西,and后的名詞前沒有冠詞,謂語用單數(shù);若有,則用復(fù)數(shù)。如:My best friend and adviser has changed his mind again.我的密友兼顧問又改變他的想法了。My friend and the student

5、 Sue are in the classroom.我的朋友和那位叫蘇的同學(xué)在教室里。a. 若and后面加not,謂語用單數(shù)。如:Lilei,and not I, has won the game.是Lilei贏了比賽,而不是我。b. 用and 連接的單數(shù)主語,前面有each,every,many a,no等詞修飾時,謂語用單數(shù)。c. 復(fù)數(shù)主語前加each,謂語仍用復(fù)數(shù)。d. no后面名詞為單數(shù),謂語用單數(shù);后為復(fù)數(shù),謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。三、毗鄰一致由not onlybut also,neithernor,eitheror,or 連接的并列主語,在肯定句中謂語變化取決于后面的餓主語,在疑問句中取決于前

6、面的主語。如;Either he or I am mistaken.他和我都沒錯。Either he or you are to go there.不是他就是你要到那兒去。(詳見高一下冊P155P156(二虛擬語氣虛擬語氣表示說話人的愿望、假設(shè)、猜測或建議,而不是事實。虛擬語氣是通過句中的謂語動詞的特殊形式來表現(xiàn)的,因此,掌握虛擬語氣中的各種謂語動詞的形式變化,是掌握虛擬語氣的關(guān)鍵。一、虛擬語氣在簡單句中的用法虛擬語氣用于簡單句中,一般表示祝愿、命令等。謂語動詞要用原形。二、虛擬語氣在主從復(fù)合句中的用法(1在狀語從句中的用法1、條件句中的用法虛擬語氣的條件句是用謂語動詞的特殊形式來表現(xiàn)與現(xiàn)在、

7、過去事實相反的情況或?qū)戆l(fā)生的情況表示懷疑,和直陳語氣條件句中的謂語動詞形式以及表達的含義完全不同。虛擬語氣條件句中所用的謂語動詞的過去時、過去完成時、過去將來時等,只表示不同的虛擬語氣,和直陳語氣的過去時、過去完成時、過去將來時等毫無關(guān)系?，F(xiàn)將虛擬語氣的各種具體形式和用法分述如下;a. 表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況形式條件從句的動詞形式主句的動詞形式If I (we,you,he,she,it,they+行為動詞的過去式(be的過去式一般用wereI (we shou ldYou (he,she , +動詞原形或:they,it would所有人稱+might(could+動詞原形用法:If

8、I had more time, I should study German.(fact:I have no more time, so I shall not study German. If she were not so busy, she would attend the meeting this afternoon.(fact:she is very busy, so she will not attend the meeting this afternoon.If they didnt take physical exercises every day, they wouldnt

9、be so healthy.(fact: the y take physical exercises every day, so they are very healthy.b. 表示與過去誓死相反的情況形式;條件從句的動詞形式主句的動詞形式If I (we,you,he,she,it,they+had+過去分詞I (we shouldYou (he,she , +have+過去分詞或:they,it would所有人稱+could(might+have+過去分詞用法:I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at y

10、esterdays examina tion.(fact:I had no more time at yesterdays exam, so I didnt check my paper againYou would have already recovered from his illness if he had seen the doctor in good time.(fact: He didnt see the doctor in good time ,so he hasnt recovered from his illness c. 表示與將來事實相反的情況形式:條件從句的動詞形式主

11、句的動詞形式a. If I (we,you,he,she,it,they+行為動詞的過去式(be的過去式一般用were通常要與一個表將來的時間的狀語連用b. If (we,you,he,she,it,they+should+動詞原形c. If I (we,you,he,she,it,they+were to+動詞原形I (we shouldYou would +動詞原形或:he(she,it wouldthey wouldI (we,you,he,she,it,they+could(might+動詞原形用法:If it rains tomorrow, our picnic will be pu

12、t off.(The weather has been changeable the se days.If it rained tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.( The weather has beenvery good these days.If it should rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.(That would be out of our ex pectation.If it were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. (條

13、件從句謂語動詞用were to +動詞原形,表示下雨的可能性極小。Were to rain和should rain 都表示“出乎意料之外”,但were to加強表示“當初沒想到以后的事”c. 混合時間條件句的用法:有時條件從句的動作和主句動作發(fā)生的時間不一致。這時動詞的形式,應(yīng)根據(jù)它所要表達的具體時間來決定用什么形式。1If she hadnt trained so hard, she wouldnt be run so fast.(從句敘述過去,主句敘述現(xiàn)在。(fact: she has trained very hard, so she would able to run fast.2Yo

14、u would speak English well enough if you had practised reading and speaking it every day.(主句敘述現(xiàn)在,從句敘述過去(fact: You didnt practice (hasnt practiced reading and speaking it every day, so y ou cant speak Engl ish well enough.2、在其他狀語從句中的用法主要用于由as if (as though 引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句,從句中謂語動詞一般用“動詞的過去式(be 變were 或had +過去分詞?！比?She looked as if she were ill.(實際上她沒有病,在這里用虛擬語氣補語比喻她精神不佳Xiao Liu speaks English so well as if he had studied in England.(這里用虛擬語氣表現(xiàn)他的英語說得好(2、在主語從句中的用法