形容詞和副詞 語法及練習(xí)

1、形容詞和副詞一、 形容詞在句中的位置1.形容詞作定語一般放在所修飾的名詞之前。2.若修飾不定代詞 something, anything, everything或 nothing 時,應(yīng)放在其后。如:nothing new3. else 修飾上述不定代詞或疑問代詞 (who, whom, what等時,也放其后。What else do you want?I dont want anything else.4. enough 用做形容詞,放在所修飾的名詞前或后均可,修飾形容詞或副詞時必須后置5. 下列形容詞只能作定語 (位于名詞前 :elder 年長的, other 其他的, very 非常,

2、 little 小的, southern 南方的, man-made 人造的, hard-working 努力的工作的, five-year-old 五歲的,某些以結(jié)尾的形容詞:weekly, daily, yearly, hourly, manly, friendly, ugly, lovely下列形容詞只能作表語(連系動詞后面:glad 高興的, sorry 抱歉, certain 當(dāng)然、有把握的, sure 肯定、有把握的, ill 生病的,well 健康的, afraid 害怕的, alone 獨(dú)自一人的, alive 活著的, sleep 睡著的, awake 醒著的 , alike

3、 相象的6.某些形容詞可以和定冠詞連用,表示一類人或物(因此看成復(fù)數(shù),起其作用相當(dāng)于一個名詞。 如:the old老人, the young年輕人, the rich富人, the dead死者7.如果兩個以上的形容詞修飾同一個名詞時,其先后排列循序一般如下規(guī)律:限定詞(a/the, my/this+數(shù)量詞(先序后基 +大 / 小 + 新 /舊 + 顏色 + 國籍+ 材料 + 名詞an old big brown wooden box 一個舊而大的棕色木箱子two tall young Japanese girls 兩位高個、年輕的日本姑娘8. Ill 作定語時表示 “ 壞的 ” 、 “ 不吉

4、祥的 ”“ 邪惡的 ”“ 惡意的 ” ;作表語表示 “ 生病的 ” , “ 身體不適的 ”“ 不健康的 ”certain 作定語表示 “ 某個 ”“ 某些 ”“ 某種 ” ,作表語時意為 “ 肯定的 ”“ 必然的 ”“ 有把握的 ”二、副詞的位置1.程度副詞(如 very, much, still, almost等一般放在被修飾詞之前(enough 例外2.多數(shù)副詞放在動詞后面。頻度副詞(如:always, often, sometimes, never, usually等常放在行為動詞前,系動詞 be 、情態(tài)動詞或助動詞之后。The plane flew very high.He alway

5、s helps others.He is always late for school.He will always be remembered by the Chinese people.1. 若地點(diǎn)副詞與時間副詞同在一句,一般是地點(diǎn)在前,同一性質(zhì)的副詞小單位在前Im going to meet her at the station in Beijing at 9 tomorrow.三、形容詞和副詞的級(原級,比較級,最高級1.比較級和最高級的詞形變化,有規(guī)則和不規(guī)則之分。大多數(shù)單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞構(gòu)成比較級和最高級時通常在其詞尾加或。l 以 e 結(jié)尾的詞只需加 -r , -st 。如 :

6、 nice nicer nicestl 以輔音字母 +結(jié)尾的先變 y 為 i ,再加 -er, est,如:happy happier-happiestl 以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié), 雙寫這一輔音字母再加 er,est , 如:thin thinner-thinnest 請大家記住順口溜:大 (big bigger biggest 紅 (red redder reddest 肥 (fat fatter fattest 瘦 (thin thinner thinnest 熱 hot hotter hottest 濕 (wet wetter wettest 難受 (sad sadder sad

7、dest2.大部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞須在其前加 more 構(gòu)成比較級,加 most 構(gòu)成最高級。3.還有少數(shù)形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級是不規(guī)則的。常見的有:原級 比較級 最高級good/well better 較好 best 最好bad/ill worse 較壞 worst 最壞little less 較少 least 最少many/much more 較多 most 最多far farther 較遠(yuǎn) farthest 最遠(yuǎn)further 進(jìn)一步 furthest 更進(jìn)一步old older 較老 /舊 oldest 最老 /舊elder 僅用兄妹間 eldest 僅用兄妹間四、形容詞和副詞

8、的句型結(jié)構(gòu)1.用原級進(jìn)行比較,其句型結(jié)構(gòu)是:主 +謂 +as/so+adj./adv.+as+主 (否定句中可用 so 或 as ,而肯定句中只能用 as 這種結(jié)構(gòu)還可以用倍數(shù)加以修飾Bob runs as/so fast as I .Our garden isnt as/so beautiful as theirs.This room is twice as big as yours.2.用比較級進(jìn)行比較要用連詞 than ,其結(jié)構(gòu)是:主 +謂 +形容詞 /副詞的比較級 +than+主 (有時和其后的部分可以省略。The students of Class Two study more ca

9、refully than those of Class One.Are you feeling better now (than before?3.一些表示程度的副詞如 much, far, rather, a little(bit, even, still, a lot等,以及數(shù)量和倍數(shù)的 詞可放在比較級前加以修飾。My brother runs much faster than I .She is three years old than Li Ming.4.對三個或三個以上的人或事物進(jìn)行比較,要用最高級,其結(jié)構(gòu)是:“the+最高級(+名詞 +比較范圍(of 或 in 短語。 ”Yang

10、Wei studies (the hardest in her class.5.比較級的幾個特殊句型l the+比較級, the+比較級,表示 “ 越來 越 ,越 就越 ” A. much more lighter B. much more light C. more lighter D. much lighter ( 4. She is careful as I , but ImA. as, much careful B. so, more carefulC. as, much more careful D. so, very careful( 5. I think science isA.

11、 so difficult as B. as difficult as C. very difficult D. much difficult than ( 6. Allan is one ofA. more B. the more C. most D. the most( 7. Which do you likeA, good B. well C. best D. better( 8. I dont think Unit 12 is more difficult. I think it isA. more easily B. more easier C. much easily D. muc

12、h easier( 9. No one can run as fast as John in his class. The sentence meansA. John runs fastest in his class.B. John runs faster than any other boy in his class.C. John runs more slowly than any other student in his class.D. John runs as fast as others in his class.( 10. Of all the apples, Jims isA

13、. the bigger B. the biggest C. bigger D. biggest( 11. Maths A. are, important one of the subjects in middle schools. B. is, most important D. are, much important ill. C. is, more important ( 12. What a cough! You seem A. terrible, terribly B. terribly, terrible C. terrible, terrible D. terribly, ter

14、ribly ( 13. The Yellow River is A. the two long C. the second longer river in China. B. the second longer D. two longest yours. ( 14. Do you have a big library? No, we dont. at least, not A. bigger, as B. as big as C. as big than D. as bigger than ( 15. There are a lot A. of B. most people today tha

15、n yesterday. C. much D. more ( 16. She has been ill since last week. How is she now? She is A. worse today. B. iller C. worst D. much more ill of the three. ( 17. John has three sisters. Mary is the A. most cleverest B. more clever C. cleverest D. cleverer by road. ( 18. It takes a long time to go there by train. It is A. quick B. the quickest C. much quicker D. quicker it did. D. so fast as ( 19.