主謂一致-PPT1課件

1、主謂一致的定義主謂一致的定義主謂一致是指主謂一致是指謂語謂語在在人稱人稱和和數(shù)數(shù)上必須和上必須和主主語語的的人稱人稱和和數(shù)保持一致數(shù)保持一致, ,這是英語語法中必須這是英語語法中必須遵循的基本規(guī)則，也是英語和漢語區(qū)別很遵循的基本規(guī)則，也是英語和漢語區(qū)別很大的地方。大的地方。主謂一致的三大原則主謂一致的三大原則 一、語法一致原則一、語法一致原則 二、意義一致原則二、意義一致原則 三、就近原則三、就近原則一一、語法一致原則語法一致原則 主語為單數(shù)或不可數(shù)形式，則謂語動詞主語為單數(shù)或不可數(shù)形式，則謂語動詞也用單數(shù)形式；也用單數(shù)形式； 主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，則謂語動詞也用復(fù)數(shù)主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，則謂語動詞也用復(fù)

2、數(shù)形式。形式。I often help him and he often helps me.We often help each other.二、意義一致二、意義一致 主語形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，則主語形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)； 主語形式為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義為單數(shù)，則謂主語形式為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義為單數(shù)，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)。語動詞用單數(shù)。The crowd were surrounding the government official.Maths is hard to learn.三、就近原則三、就近原則 就近原則即謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決就近原則即謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)

3、形式取決于最靠近它的主語。于最靠近它的主語。There is a pen and two pencils on the desk. 一。整體原則一。整體原則1。表示時間，重量，長度，價格等。表示時間，重量，長度，價格等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，作主語從整體來看時，的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，作主語從整體來看時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如：謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如： Fifty yearsnot a long time.1）.Ten thousand dollars _ quite a large sum. A. are B. is C.has D. have2）.Six times seven _ forty-two.A. are

4、B. is C. have D. was2 . 非謂語動詞，從句或其他短語作主非謂語動詞，從句或其他短語作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如： 1）.To get up early and to go to sleep early _ good for your health.A. is B. are C. was D. were由由and連接兩個名詞，包括兩個不定連接兩個名詞，包括兩個不定式、兩個動名詞作主語，若指同一件式、兩個動名詞作主語，若指同一件事或一個概念事，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形事或一個概念事，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。式。 2). When and where to

5、 build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decidedC. has not decoded D. have not decided當(dāng)當(dāng)when和和where加不定式指的是同一件事加不定式指的是同一件事時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 3). Playing football not only _ us grow up tall and strong but also _ us a sense of fair play and team spirit .A. make; give B .makes; gives

6、 C. makes; give D .make; gives4) . When we will hold the meeting _ not decided yet .A. is B. are C. be D .was 語法一致的原則是指主語為單數(shù)或語法一致的原則是指主語為單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)時，其謂語動詞要與其相呼應(yīng)。但復(fù)數(shù)時，其謂語動詞要與其相呼應(yīng)。但我們要注意一些特殊情況；我們要注意一些特殊情況；1）以）以along with, together with, with, as well as, accompanied by, rather than, but, except 連接的兩個主語，其謂語

7、的單復(fù)連接的兩個主語，其謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)以第一個主語為主。例如：數(shù)以第一個主語為主。例如：1. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. know B. knows A.C. have known D. is known2. I, rather than you, _ responsible for the accident.A am B are C has D have3. A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. is offered B. has offered A.C. are offere

8、d D. have offered4. All but one _ here just now. is B. was A.C. has been D. were5.Tom as well as two of his classmates _ invited to the party.A. was B. were C. have been D. had beenThe house, including the garden and the garage, was sold out.6. No one except my parents _ anything about it. A. know B

9、. knows C. is knowing D. have knownSeveral passengers, together with the driver, hurt.1 。由。由not only but also, neithernor, eitheror, not but以及以及or連接的并列主語，謂語動詞要連接的并列主語，謂語動詞要與最靠近它的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。與最靠近它的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。 3. 就近一致原則就近一致原則1）Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after anot

10、her.A. is B. are C. am D. be2）One or perhaps more pages _missing. is B. are A.C. has been D. have beenAre you or he to drive ? Was she or you there ?3）Peter, perhaps John, _ playing with the little dog. A. seems B. were C. are D. is4) _ he _ I finished the experiment? Have neither/nor Has neither/no

11、rC. Have neither/or D. Have either /or5) - _ either he or I fit for the job? - Neither he nor you _ . A. Am; are B. Is; are C. Are; are D. Is; isHere is a pen, a few envelopes Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.and some paper for you. guess2在倒裝句中以及在在倒裝句中以及在There be 結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)中，如主語是并列的，謂語

12、動詞往構(gòu)中，如主語是并列的，謂語動詞往往和其后面的第一個主語取得數(shù)上的往和其后面的第一個主語取得數(shù)上的一致。一致。 1) On the wall _ famous paintings. A. have B. are C. is D. has2) There _ a lot of milk in the bottle.A. are B. is C. were D. has1并列主語如果指的是同一人、同并列主語如果指的是同一人、同一物或同一概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，一物或同一概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，這時這時 and 后面的名詞前沒有冠詞。后面的名詞前沒有冠詞。 意義一致：意義一致：1）Both the

13、secretary and the manager_ agreed to attend the meeting.A. has B. have C. are D. is 2）The secretary and manager _ very busy now.A. is B. are C.has been D. were2陳述部分用陳述部分用everybody, everyone, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, no one或或 no +復(fù)數(shù)名詞等作主語時，復(fù)數(shù)名詞等作主語時，反意部分用反意部分用they。而陳述部分用。而陳述部分用ever

14、ything, something, nothing, anything時，反意部分代時，反意部分代詞則采用單數(shù)，用詞則采用單數(shù)，用it。3 主語是以主語是以-ics 結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞以及結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞以及news , works (工廠工廠)等都屬形式復(fù)數(shù)，而意等都屬形式復(fù)數(shù)，而意義單數(shù)的名詞，其謂語用單數(shù)形式。另外義單數(shù)的名詞，其謂語用單數(shù)形式。另外means一詞單復(fù)數(shù)同形應(yīng)視具體情況一詞單復(fù)數(shù)同形應(yīng)視具體情況而定。而定。 1)Every means _ been tried since then.A. has B. were C. was D. has been注：學(xué)科名詞前如有物主代詞修

15、飾時，注：學(xué)科名詞前如有物主代詞修飾時，謂語常用復(fù)數(shù)。謂語常用復(fù)數(shù)。 2) All means _ been used .A. has B. was C. have D. be 4the +形容詞或分詞作主語時，如形容詞或分詞作主語時，如指一類人。其謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，如指抽象指一類人。其謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，如指抽象概念，其謂語用單數(shù)。如：概念，其謂語用單數(shù)。如： The old _ well looked after by the government in China.A. is B. are C. has been D. was5 .主語是主語是family, team, group, crowd, c

16、lass, committee等集合名詞時，如等集合名詞時，如果作為一個整體看待，謂語用單數(shù)形果作為一個整體看待，謂語用單數(shù)形式，如指的是全體人員時，謂語用復(fù)式，如指的是全體人員時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。數(shù)。 類似這樣的集體名詞有：類似這樣的集體名詞有： family, class, audience, family, class, audience, committee committee （委員會）（委員會）, crowd, crew, , crowd, crew, group, party, population, team, group, party, population, team, pub

17、lic, council public, council （理事會）（理事會）, village, village等。等。The population of the earth The population of the earth increasing very fast. increasing very fast.1) He said that his family _ all very well.A. are B. were C. is D. was 2) The population of the city _ increasing fast.A. were B. be C. is D

18、. are3) The United States _ made up of 50 states, one of which _Kentucky. is / are B. is / is A.C. are / is D. are /are4) Zhangs family _ rather big, with twelve people in all.A. is B. are C. being D. was5) Now the police _ searching the town for the lost child.A. was B. were C. is D. are.6)The poli

19、ce _ the black in winter. wears B. wear A.C. put on D. puts on主語主語 people 作作“人們，人民人們，人民”解時，解時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，作謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，作“民族民族”解時，有解時，有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。單復(fù)數(shù)之分。(police , cattle , public ) 6主語是疑問代詞主語是疑問代詞who, what, which,不不定代詞定代詞all, more, most, any, none等以及等以及名詞名詞half, part, the rest等既可表示復(fù)數(shù)意等既可表示復(fù)數(shù)意義又可表示單數(shù)意義，其謂語視情況而定。義又可

20、表示單數(shù)意義，其謂語視情況而定。 The rest of his journey was pleasant.The rest of the girls are fond of music.All of your work is well done.All of your answers are correct.1) Most of his spare time _spent in reading. are B. were A.C. was D. have been2) Where _ that five pounds I lent you?A. is B. have C. was D. wer

21、e3) Two of them will go first, the rest _ to stay.A. is B. are C. used D. has4) It is not I who _ wrong.A. is B. are C. am D. has been2“的幾分之幾的幾分之幾”和和“的百的百分之幾分之幾” 作主語時，其謂語用單數(shù)或作主語時，其謂語用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)取決于復(fù)數(shù)取決于 of 后的名詞。后的名詞。 70 percent of the surface is covered with water.70 percent of the farmers have improved t

22、heir living conditions.1) One third of the population here _ workers.A. is B. have C. be D.are2) About 20 percent of the work _ done yesterday.A. are B. is C. were D. was8“one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 定語從定語從句句”之前有之前有the only, the very, the等限定詞和修飾語時，定語從句的等限定詞和修飾語時，定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 1) John is the only

23、 one of the students in our class who _ to school on foot. go B. goes A.C. have gone D. are going2) He was the one of the students who _ praised at the meeting.A. was B. were C. is D. are 注意：注意：1. one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞+（單）謂語，如：（單）謂語，如： One of the students is from the south.2. one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句（從句定語從句（

24、從句動詞用復(fù)數(shù)），如：動詞用復(fù)數(shù)），如：He is one of the boys who are ready to help others.3. the (only) one of+名詞（復(fù)數(shù)）名詞（復(fù)數(shù)）+定語定語從句，從句中謂語動詞用單數(shù)，表示眾從句，從句中謂語動詞用單數(shù)，表示眾多中只有一個，如：多中只有一個，如： He is the only one of the students who comes early.1）如果主語是由）如果主語是由and連接的兩個單數(shù)連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，但前面有名詞，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，但前面有each, every, no 等詞修飾時，謂語用單數(shù)。等

25、詞修飾時，謂語用單數(shù)。例如：例如： 語法一致語法一致 ：Both rice and wheat _ grown in that country. A. is B. are C. was D. has Every boy and girl in this regiontaught to read and write.Each doctor and each nurse was sent for.1). During the holidays every train and ship _ crowded.A. are B. were C. was D. has2）No teacher and no

26、 student _ admitted in here. are B. were A.C. is D. has2由由 many a 或或 more than + 單數(shù)名單數(shù)名詞作主語時，其謂語用單數(shù)形式。詞作主語時，其謂語用單數(shù)形式。 1) More than one person here _ with the disease. has been infected B. have been infectedC. has been infecting D. have been infecting2) Many a student _ that mistake before. A. had ma

27、de B. has been made C. have made D. has made3主語是一些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，主語是一些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，如如clothes, trousers, glasses, compasses, scissors, shoes, socks, gloves等時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。但這類表示等時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。但這類表示成雙的東西的名詞前有成雙的東西的名詞前有a pair of修飾時，修飾時，謂語用單數(shù)。謂語用單數(shù)。 This pair of shoes _ made in our factory.A. is B. are C. have beenD. had bee

28、n4“a number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)； “ the number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。 2) The number of students that you have met _ the life of the team. are B. is A. C. were D. be1) A number of students _ from the south.A. are B. is C. have D. has成對的名詞，如成對的名詞，如bread and butter涂涂黃油的面包，黃油的面包

29、，soda and water汽水，汽水，coffee and milk加牛奶的咖啡，加牛奶的咖啡，aim and end目的，目的，salt and water鹽開水鹽開水等，雖然有等，雖然有and連接，但仍表單一概連接，但仍表單一概念，作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)。念，作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)。 特殊知識點特殊知識點2在定語從句中主語是關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中主語是關(guān)系代詞who, that, which,謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)一致。與先行詞的數(shù)一致。 It is not I who _ wrong. is B. are A.C. am D. has beenHe, who _ your good friend, will share your joys and sorrows. was B. are A. C. is D. am3主語是用作書名、劇名、報紙名、國主語是