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1、初中英語完形填空解題技巧【復習要點】完形填空題是對學生英語語言知識與語言運用水平的一種測試.其考查的形式靈活,綜合性較強,要求考生能綜合運用所學的知識在特定的語境中進行合 理的推理判斷,并能準確地從四個備選項中選出正確答案, 使補足后的短文結(jié)構(gòu) 完整,意義通暢.完形填空題能夠較為準確地檢查學生的各項知識水平和綜合運用語言知 識的水平.這種題型的主要考查內(nèi)容為: 詞語辨析、根本句型、根底語法; 固定搭配與習慣表達; 閱讀理解水平和邏輯推理水平. 近年來,完形填空題更側(cè)重對語言應(yīng)用 水平、閱讀理解水平的考查.完形填空題(cloze test)它有以下兩大特點和規(guī)律:第一,一篇完形填空題是一個有機的

2、整體.盡管看起來形式上有殘缺(假設(shè)干個空),但它的內(nèi)容、語言習慣,句與句 之間的銜接點,句子與段落之間的聯(lián)系,段落與段落之間的邏輯順序仍或隱或現(xiàn) 地存在丁篇章之中.因此,在做完形填空題時,通讀全文、明了大意、理活觀點、 分活層次是十分重要的一步.考生解題時 必須自始至終依托語境,注意上下文 之間、詞與詞之間,從語法到意義的合理搭配.尤其要注意短文中承上啟下的 過渡詞等,如 so, but, however, then, therefore, alSo第二,完形填空題選材廣泛.它涉及社會、政治、經(jīng)濟;文化、教育、歷史、地理、科普知識、人物故 事等.因此,考生做完形填空題時,要快速通覽全文,了解文

3、章概貌與各段落的 中央意思,把握文章主旨脈絡(luò),掌握文章作者的意圖.二.完形填空題的設(shè)空規(guī)律為了對完形填空題的各種類型有一個深入的了解,探索一下該題型的設(shè) 空規(guī)律是有必要的.上下文直接信息題:本類題的設(shè)置特點是,四個選項之間不存在詞義區(qū)別和用法比較.考生應(yīng)著 眼丁對上下文信息的捕捉和對上下文暗示的領(lǐng)會.如以下 考題1中的第7、8、 9小題.詞、句、文三結(jié)合理解題:本類題的設(shè)置特點是:其中某一個或幾個選項代入空白處會使句意不通 或嚴重違背上下句意義的銜接或直接與短文內(nèi)容不符,考生在做這類題時要對各 選項的詞義作準確的把握.如以下 考題1中的第4、5小題.詞義辨析題:本類題的設(shè)置特點是,各選項代入空

4、中后該句的語法都是正確的,但是 句子出現(xiàn)了幾種不同的含義.在做這類題時,考生要認真比較各詞之間的細微差 別.如以下 考題1中的第1、11、15小題. 語法知識和固定短語考查題:考生在解答本類題時要注意句子的語法結(jié)構(gòu)要正確:如時態(tài)、語態(tài)等; 對固定短語要注意其結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性,如以下 考題1中的第10小題. 行文邏輯和全文中央把握題:本類題的設(shè)空特點是:把各選項中的對象代入空格中可導致上下文之間 出現(xiàn)因果關(guān)系、遞進關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、條件關(guān)系等.做本類題時,考生要注意全 文的主線或脈絡(luò),仔細分析上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系,從而準確地選出正確答案. 如以下考題1中的第2、13小題.三.完形填空解題技巧在做這類題

5、的時候,希望考生一定要牢記四個步驟,反復練習,使自己 在短時間內(nèi)有一個比較好的成績.第一步就是通讀全文,領(lǐng)會大意 ,第二步就 是緊扣內(nèi)容,分析比照備選答案,第三步就是瞻前顧后,全文貫穿 ,第四步就 是復查核對,決定取舍.1. 通讀全文,領(lǐng)會大意完形填空題不同丁單項選擇填空題.單項填空題所給的是一個或兩個句子,根據(jù) 本旬或前后句就可以判定所選的答案.而完形填空題所給的是一篇意思完整的短 文,所選的答案處在整段或整篇文章之中.所以在做題前,必須先瀏覽全文,了 解短文的大意,這是絕不可省的一步.2. 緊扣內(nèi)容,分析比照備選答案完形填空所用的短文一般不給標題,但短文的主題句,往往在每段文章的首句,有時

6、也出現(xiàn)在文章的中間或結(jié)束處. 主題句提供全篇的性質(zhì)、大意等,這是深入 了解全文的 窗口,甚至能以語句為立足點,從該句的時態(tài)、語氣推測全文的主 要內(nèi)容.分析時應(yīng)注意以下幾點:(1) 當遇到一個需要填的詞時,首先要考慮這個詞在句子中的成分是什么詞性 是什么(2) 如果需要填的是名詞,就要考慮名詞的單復數(shù)和所有格形式.(3) 如果需要填的是形容詞或副詞,就應(yīng)考慮是用原級或是比較級,還是最高級.(4) 如果需要填的是動詞,那么要考慮動詞的時態(tài),語態(tài),人稱變化,語氣以及非謂語動詞(不定式和動詞-ing形式)的一般式,被動式和完成式等.(5) 如果需要填空的是介詞,那么要注意固定搭配的用法.(6) 如果需

7、要填的是冠詞,那么要注意是用不定冠詞還是用定冠詞.(7) 另外要注意一些固定句型.3. 瞻前顧后,全文貫穿短文中每個空白處的正確答案和氣上下文在意思上和結(jié)構(gòu)上都有這樣或那樣的必然聯(lián)系.一般說來,所選答案只有和上下文和結(jié)構(gòu)上都吻合的時候,才是正確答案.因此,必須注意上下的參照,連貫思考.如果答案一時確定不下來,切記 不要耽誤太久,可暫放一邊,待其他答案選好之后,再回過頭來仔細推敲.試題所提供的短文可以說是一個整體,空白處所需要選的答案只是整體中的一部 分.有時候,所選答案從局部看是可行的,但從整體看,不見的是最正確的答案.這時就要局部服從整體,從短文的整體內(nèi)容出發(fā),重新選擇答案.對丁那些拿不 定

8、主意或未能選答的空白,不要僅局限在與上下文的對照上,要把視野擴大到全 文.有時一旦和整篇短文聯(lián)系起來,就可豁然開朗,很容易選出正確答案.4. 復查核對,決定取舍全部題目作完以后,要仔細考查核對.填完空白后,重讀全文,這也是解題過程 中至關(guān)重要的一環(huán).此時考生對文章已經(jīng)有了一個相對完整的了解, 對文章的理 解也就更進了一步,也就摸活了文章內(nèi)在開展的邏輯關(guān)系.而如果在此時再讀一遍文章,就有可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)一些其他原來沒有注意到的問題, 也就能夠根據(jù)對語篇的理解及內(nèi)在的聯(lián)系,反復推敲,比較異同,從而選擇一個更符合文章意義的答 案,其方法是:把短文連同所選答案細讀一遍,凡讀起來別扭或答案無確切把握 的地方分

9、別記下來,然后將每個空白處與其相對應(yīng)的四個答案逐一對照,務(wù)求一一過關(guān),預防遺漏.假設(shè)發(fā)現(xiàn)原所選答案與復查時所選答案不同,不要急丁涂改, 待認真斟酌核實后,再決定取舍.另外,在平時的練習中,對每一篇完形填空均可重復作上幾遍,通過反復的練習, 不但可以牢固地掌握所學根底知識,而且能夠提升完形填空的應(yīng)試水平.【例題解析】1.完形填空:閱讀下面短文,選出最正確答案:“Ring - ring the telephone suddenly rang. Sam got up flo the call.It was his aunt. “Sam, 2 are you still at home? she as

10、ked surprisingly. Sam looked at the clock. It was already 7:30 a. m. “Oh,my goodness! There' an important _3_ today, Sam shouted out.He hurried to wash his face and get 4 . When he was going to leave the house, he 5 that he had not put away his books. He ran quickly to the 6 and put them into th

11、e bag. He then went to the bus stop to go to school as 7 as he could. When he got into the classroom, his classmates were 8 writing.“Why areyou so 9 ? asked the teacher .“I ' m sorry, sir, Sam answered, afraid of looking10.“It wasy clock. It 11 to wake me up this morning and .“Don't sayanyth

12、ing about it, " his teadhter him.“ Don' t try to come late next time!" Samsaid yes and walked to his 13 quickly. But when he tried to do the paper, he could not 14 in a right way. He put his head on the desk and said,“ WhaUi5day it has been for me! "1.A. findB. giveC. putD. answer

13、2.A. whyB. howC. whenD. where3.A. talkB. partyC. examD. meeting4.A. tiredB. lostC. dressedD. rested5.A. forgotB. rememberedC. understoodD. thought6.A. classroomB. deskC. busD.door7.A. carefullyB. quietlyC. earlyD. fast8.A. worriedB. freeC. busyD. careful9.A. 1ateB. illC. lonelyD. ready10.A. downB. u

14、pC. outD. back11.A.happenedB. stoppedC. failedD. pointed12.A. helpedB. knewC. followedD. stopped13.A. roomB. tableC. seatD. teacher14.A. thinkB.sitC. turnD. speak15.A. shortB.badC. happyD. usual【限時練習】(A)Jack is an English teacher at a college . He moved to New York City with _41 family . Jack is an

15、excellent teacher . So we all missed him very much since he _42 . Two weeks ago, Jack cameback to North Carolina for a short visit . The teachers and students held a small _43_for himAt the party . I certainly would not44 that good chance to learnEnglish . So I tried to think of all kinds of topics

16、to talk _45_ Grace ,another English teacher .Suddenly I heard Jack say to others 46, "I dig NewYork! " I immediatelyasked Grace, "Is it really difficult to find a job in New York? Why does Jack47 do heavy work since he is such a good teacher? ''"Why do you think that? &qu

17、ot; Grace asked me .''Haven' t you heard him 48 that he is digging NewYork? Is he building an underground passage? " I asked .When she finally realized what I meant , Grace laughed to tears . She then asked us 49 we knew the meaning of "I dig New York ." All of us shook ou

18、r 50 . So Grace asked Jack to explain it ?It turns out that "I dig NewYork" means"I love NewYork" in American slang(俚 語).()41. A. he B. his C. himself()42. A. left B. leaves C. leave()43. A. meeting B. party C. lecture()44. A. look up B. call up C. give upC. has to()46. A. angril

19、y B. sadly C. loudly ()47. A. have to B. had to)48. A. talkB. sayC.speak()49. A. thatB. whether C. what()50. A. hands B. armsC. heads(B)Have you ever done something silly that made you feel so embarrassed(為難的)Well , I had a really bad Saturday morning .I went shopping last week , 41 my way home, It

20、began to rain . I quickly ran into a phone box 42 I didn't have an umbrella. It was raining hard andI decided to 43 in the phone box until it stopped.44 minutes later , I saw a young manwalk up to the phone box , wearing a yellowraincoat and holding a tool box. I didn' t want to go out into

21、the rain, so I45 the phone and pretended I was talking to someone . I thought he would goaway, but he didn ' t. He waited in the 46 rain, watching me wave my hands about and act as if 1 was deep in conversation.47, the rain stopped after about ten minutes . "OK Mum" I said loudly into

22、the phone ,"I ' ll see you later. Bye! " I put the phone down and went out of the phone box."I ' m sorry to keep you 48 for so long ," I said to the man ."Oh, I don ' t want to use the phone, " he replied . "I've just come to repair it . It doesn &#

23、39; t work .My face turned 49 and I quickly ran off with my head down. That was certainly the most embarrassing 50 of my life!()41. A. at B. on C. in()42. A. soB. andC. because()43. A. stayB. liveC. come()44. A. A few B. A little C. A lot()45. A. looked up B. picked up C. turned up()46. A. bigB. str

24、ongC. heavy()47. A. Luckily B. Luck C. Lucky()48. A. waitB. waitingC. waited()50. A. chance B. way C. time(C)Everyone knows people need water . But do you know just how _41 water is to living things ?Maybe you feel lucky_42 your life isn ' t hard . But it doesn' t mean that you don ' t h

25、ave to worry about water . We all face serious water _43 _ .One of them is water pollution. All kinds of things from cars , factories,farms and homes _44 our rivers , lakes and oceans dirty . Polluted water is very bad _45 people to drink . And dirty water is bad for fish, _46 _. Now ,34 percent of

26、all kinds of fish are dying out .How do cars and factories make our water dirty ? First, they pollute theair . Then, when it_47 , the rain water comes down and makes our drinking water dirty . Dirty rain , called acid rain , is also bad for plants , animals and buildings .48 people have madewells to

27、 get clean water from underground . But there still isn ' t enough . Scientists_49 _ that in 30 years, more than half of the people in the world won ' t have enough clean water .When we don' t take care of our water , we are hurting everyone . It ' s time to start learning how to sav

28、e more water for_50 _ and our children()41. A. difficultB. importantC. comfortable()42. A. thatB. whetherC. what()43. A. eventsB. problems C. questions()44. A. keepB. letC. make()45. A. forB. atC. of()46. A. alsoB. eitherC. too()47. A. rainsB. rainC. raining()48.A. muchB. manyC. few()49. A. talkB. s

29、ayC.speak()50. A. ourB. weC. ourselves【真題演練】AFears are something we all have. You need to face your fears and to get over them. However, it's easier (41) than done. Running away from your fears doesn' t make them leave It just makes them (42) - -than ever. We're never going to be_ (43) f

30、earless everything we do, but we can at least be more fearless and (44)What are the fears that scare you much? Check what they are and get them_ (45) in the open. Are they things (46) height or snakes? Are you afraid to talk to girl or boy?Ar. you so (47)that you are fearing on saying the wrong thin

31、g? These arecommon fears that(48) your daily livesBefore you can face them, you need to learn more about (49) makes you fearful of these situations Communicating your fear one way. Other people may be able to (50) yourAnxiety(焦慮)because they know something you don't. It could he from 8 past_ (51

32、), something that you could never forget and has made you fearful (52)thenTo face fears, you have to (53) in something. It's a very healthy way of letting you feelas if nothing can go(54) When you feel that way, you may he able to think (55) about your fears. You will be able 10 believe that eve

33、rything will be okay. Everything does end up being okayB. actedC. dreamed D. saidC whereC. representC. subjectC. afterC. dreamC. directC. differentlyC. brighter D. biggerC. completely D. stronglyC. patient D energeticC. about D awayC. amongD aboveC. politeD. peacefulC. influence D. save41. A called4

34、2. A. louder43. A. similarly44. A. honest45. A. out46 A. like47. A. free48. A. wonder49. A. who50. A. remind51'. A. season52. A. before53. A. believe54. A. guilty55. A. mostlyB sillierB. speciallyB. confidentB. belowB. behindB; shyB. pretendB. whyB. realiseB. expressionB. sinceB. suggestB. wrong

35、B. fairlyD. whatD. receiveD. experienceD .untilD. succeedD. correctD. gentlyBFor years scientists have been arguing about whether nature or nurture!(天)decides what people will be like. Is it nature what people are (41) with that decides what they will be like? (42) is it nurture what(43) to people w

36、hen they are born that decides what they will be like?Scientists have been studying twins to (44) if they can find the answer, because twins start out with the (45) DNA. Sometimes twins don' live together at birth and grow up in different (46) and different places so the nature is the same for b

37、oth, but the nurture is different.When scientists (47) these twins in their later life, they some times find some surprising (48).Jim Springer and Jim Lewis were adopted (收養(yǎng))by two different families at birth. They first met each other again thirty-nine years (49) and discovered they had a lot in (5

38、0). Both had been (51) twice. Their first wives were both named Linda and their second wives were both named Betty!Each twin had a son one called his son James Alan and the (52) called his son James Alan, too. Their children each had a dog called “ToyThey even arrived at their first (53) in the same

39、 color of car.So far twin (54) seem to show that both nature and nurture are important. What we have from birth, and how and where we live help to buid (55) we are.41.A.bornB. grownC. taughtD. made42.A.SoB. AndC.IfD. Or43.A. pretendsB. happensC. fallsD.depends44.A.hearB. winC.seeD. plan45.A.niceB. s

40、ameC.fullD. free46.A.familiesB. citiesC. countriesD. nations47.A.believeB. suggestC. receiveD. compare48.A.numbersB. discoveriesC. resultsD. decisions49.A.agoB. laterC.forwardD. behind50.A.commonB. factC.dangerD. trouble51.A. mentionedB. marriedC.succeeded D. interviewed52.A.eitherB. elseC. otherD.

41、only53.A. competition B. educationC. purposeD. meeting54.A.studiesB. moviesC. challengesD.mysteries55.A.whatB. whenC. whereD. whoCSome students cheat作弊)becausethey ' busy or lazy and they want to get good grades without (41) the time studying. Other students might feel that they can (42) the test without cheating. Even when there seems to be a “goodeason "for cheating, it isn ' t a good (43).A student who thinks cheating is the only way to pass a test (44) to talk with the teacher and his or her parents so they can find some better ways together. Talking abou

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