完整版直接引語倒裝

1、所謂完全倒裝,就是將謂語動(dòng)詞置于主語前.完全倒裝一般具有以下兩個(gè)條件：謂語動(dòng)詞是單個(gè)即不帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或 be的不及物動(dòng)詞,且只限于一般現(xiàn)在 時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)；主語只能是名詞.一、以here等副詞開頭引出的完全倒裝在描述情景時(shí),為了使景象更生動(dòng),有時(shí)把 here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, off, away等方向性副詞作為句子開頭,句子用完全倒裝.此時(shí),句子主語 必須是名詞；謂語動(dòng)詞通常是 be, come, go, run, rush, fly, follow, fall等表示位移的不及物動(dòng)詞,且為一般時(shí)態(tài)；其中的here, there不是

2、表示地點(diǎn),而是用以引起對(duì)方注重.如：Here comes the bus. 汽車來了.There goes the bell. 鈴響了.Here are some advertisements about cars.這兒是幾貝U有關(guān)汽車的廣告.二、以表語或狀語開頭引出的完全倒裝有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或者為了使句子平衡或者為了使上下文連接得更加緊密,就將表 語和地點(diǎn)狀語多為介詞短語置于句首,謂語動(dòng)詞也常置于主語前,構(gòu)成完全倒裝. 如：Among the people was a man named Brown.在這些人中有個(gè)叫布朗的人.On the top of the hill stands an ol

3、d temple. 這山頂上有一座廟.三、there be結(jié)構(gòu)及其變體的完全倒裝There is a tall tree in front of the house.這房子前面有一棵樹.注：在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中,可以代替be的還有以下動(dòng)詞：live, lie, stand, appear, rise, remain, happen, come, go 等.如：Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 從前,在海邊的一 個(gè)村子里住著一個(gè)老人.四、直接引語放在句首引起的完全倒裝假設(shè)直接引語的局部或全部放在句首,并且說話

4、人是名詞時(shí),將 say或ask置于 說話人前,構(gòu)成完全倒裝.如：“Are you ready? asked the teacher.預(yù)備好'了沒有 老師問道.“It is unbelievable! said Alfred BUttS.弗雷德 布滋說, 這真叫人難以置 信！直接引語放句首時(shí),有時(shí)用倒裝；謂語動(dòng)詞另有賓語時(shí),不倒裝.例如：“I shall not scold you. " said the man, “you are punished enough now.“You have done a good job , our teacher said to us.英語

5、中的語序通常是主語在前,謂語動(dòng)詞在后.所謂倒裝就是把動(dòng)詞放在主語之 前.這種情況出現(xiàn)在疑問句中,也出現(xiàn)在其他一些特殊情形下.28.1 兩種倒裝(Two types of inversion)倒裝一般分為兩種,即主謂倒裝和主語/功能詞倒裝.28.1.1 主謂倒裝(Subject-verb inversion)主謂倒裝,又稱為全部倒裝(Full inversion),即把整個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞放在主語之 前.這一類倒裝主要出現(xiàn)于地點(diǎn)狀語后面,said John, answered Pet造有直接引語的結(jié)構(gòu)中以及表 語提前的情況下.例如：-At the far end of the room stood a

6、tall policeman.- - “l(fā)ove you, "whisperedJohn. -Completely different is the last story.28.1.2 主語/ 功能詞倒裝(Subject-operation inversion)這種倒裝又稱為局部倒裝,即把功能詞(助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)放在主語之前,動(dòng)詞的其余局部依然在主語之后.如果句中沒有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,那么要加一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞do, does或did.例如： -He had no money, nor did he know anyone he could borrow from. -On no acco

7、unt must this switch be touched. -Only by chance did I hear that her moth er had died. -Were she alive today, she would grieve at the changes.28.2 在 以 neither, nor, so 等 開 始 的 句 子中(Sentences beginning with neither, nor, so, etc.)用neither, nor和so引導(dǎo)的句子表達(dá)某人、某事或某種情況與剛剛提到的相同, 在這種情況下必須要用倒裝.neither, nor表示“

8、也不 ； so表示“也如此.這種倒裝是局部倒裝. -"I didn' t get much sleep last night: “Neither/Nor did I. -"Myhusband never touches a drying-upcloth. "Neithedoesmine. " -He re fused to apologize. Neither/Nor would he offer any explanation.- -All the students were obviously very miserable. Nor were

9、 the teachers satisfied with the conditions at the school.- -John saw the accident and so did Mary. -She was angry and so was I.請(qǐng)比較下面兩句中 so和 neither/nor表達(dá)截然不同的意 思. -The corn is ripening, and so are the apples.- -The corn isn' t ripening, and neither/ nor are the apples. 請(qǐng)注意：應(yīng)屆生求職季寶典開啟你的職場(chǎng)征途簡歷撰寫

10、筆試真題面試攻略專業(yè)技能指導(dǎo)公務(wù)員專區(qū)a. so放在句首也可以用來表達(dá)另外一種意思,即對(duì)于別人講的情況加以肯定, 表小附和.在這種情況下,不用倒裝.請(qǐng)比較：-“You' ve spilled coffee on your dress:'" Oh, dear. So I have:(哎喲,真的呀.)-You' vspilled coffee on the table, and so have I(=,and I ' vspilled coffee on the table, too.)- -"That' s Isabel, look!&

11、quot;"So it is! (就是她)- -"I'm having a tooth out tomorrow.""So am I. (=, I am having a tooth out tomorrow, too.) -You asked me to leave, and so I did.你叫我走,我就走了. )- -You asked him to leave, and so did I.(你叫他走,我也叫他走啊.)b. neither 雖然放句首,但是其中央詞作句子主語時(shí),不用倒裝. 例 如： -Neither of them wan

12、ted to stay.c. Neithernor句型中的 nor 分句也應(yīng)該用倒裝.如： -Sam neither has long hair, nor does he wear jeans. -Mary was neither happy, nor was she sad.-They have neither replied to my letters, nor have they answered my telephone ca lls.28.3 在以否認(rèn)副詞(如 hardly, never 等)開始的句子 中(Sentences beginning with negative adve

13、rb expressions: hardly, never, etc.)I在正式文體中,許多表達(dá)否認(rèn)意義的副詞或狀語詞組可以放在句首.在這種 情況下,必須用局部倒裝.表達(dá)否認(rèn)意義的副詞和詞組常見的有 seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, never, few, little, invain, much/ even/ still less,以 及含有 no/ not 的 詞組/句型如 no sooner (than), on no account, inno circumstances, in no way, by no means, at no time, no

14、longer, not until, nowher e等等.例 如：- -Seldom had I seen such confusion.-Never in history had technology made such spectacular advances. -Hardly h ad I arrived when a quarrel broke out.- -No sooner was she back at home than she realized her mistake. -At no time was the entrance left unguarded. -Not ti

15、ll he got home did he realize that he had l ost it. -On no account must this switch be touched. -In no circumstances mus t the door be left open. -In no way can Mrs. Pethers be held responsible. -To no one will they admit their guilt.注意,如果位于句首的這種否認(rèn)詞/詞組是作句子主語,句子不需要倒裝.如： -Little help can be expected f

16、rom Peter.- -Not a single word that he said entitles you to make that accusation. -No hon est man would lie.- -Not many people came to the party.28.4在以表示地點(diǎn)或方向的副詞如 here, there, down, away等開始的句子中 Sentences beginning with adverbs of position and direction: here, there, dow n, away, etc.當(dāng)表示地點(diǎn)或方向的副詞位于旬首時(shí)

17、,句子可用全部倒裝.句中的謂語動(dòng)詞 常常是come, lie, stand, walk, live等不及物動(dòng)詞或是系動(dòng)詞 be在文學(xué)性和描寫 性文章中采用這類倒裝主要是為了使其更加生動(dòng),而把主語置于句末那么是為了使之成為信息中 心. -Down fell a dozen apples. -Away goes my chance of winning! -I n walked a man dressed in a black gown. -Next to it stood a pile of paper cups.-A few miles further on lies the enchanti

18、ng suburb of Balham, gateway to the Sou th. -Over the bridge marched the soldiers. -On the very top of the hill lives a hermit. 以上例句也可以不用倒裝而用正語序, 如：-A dozen apples fell down. -My chance of winning goes away. -Aman dressed in a black gown walked in.但是如果主要?jiǎng)釉~是be時(shí),句子總是用倒裝,這時(shí)將be動(dòng)詞置于主語之前. 例如： -Below is a

19、restaurant.-Next to it is a different sign which says simply “ Beware .-Alongside him on the rostrum 講 壇 will be Mr. Mitchell Fromstein. 以 here, there 開始的倒裝句在口語中尤其多見. 如： -Ah, here comes somebody- at last! -There goes your last chance.-Here comes the train. -There goes the vica限師.試比較here, there放句首和放在

20、動(dòng)詞之后的區(qū)別：“Tom is here.意思是“湯姆在這兒.但是“ Here' sTom.意味著他剛出現(xiàn)或我們剛發(fā)現(xiàn)他.“Tom comes here:意味著他習(xí)慣于 來這兒.“Here comesTom.那么有他正在到來或剛剛到達(dá)的含義.注意：主語是代詞時(shí),此類以地點(diǎn)狀語開始的句子不用倒 裝.-Here she comes!她來了 ！ -There he is. -Away they went. -Down they flew.-Into the stifling smoke we plunged.28.5 在表語提前的句子中 (Sentences beginning with a

21、 fronted predicative)表語(主語補(bǔ)語)置于旬首時(shí),句子需要全部倒裝.這種倒裝主要是為了達(dá) 到三種目的：a.把主語置于旬末使之成為信息中央,同時(shí)又可以利用句子的前 一局部來設(shè)置布景.例如：-Best of all was the Christmas pudding.b.為了使上下文聯(lián)系更緊密.例如：- -His answer was a disgrace; equally regrettable was his departure immediately aft erwards.- -Her face was stony and even stonier was the to

22、ne of her voice.- -A year ago, two crashes occurred, and more recently has come the news of a thir d. c.預(yù)防頭重腳輕由于原句主語太長,而謂語太短.如：- -At the head was Dr. Bethune on horse-back, followed by a donkey loaded with medical supplies.- -Just as firm was her determination to tell the truth about her experiences

23、.-Faint grew the sound of the bell.另外,出于同樣的原因,有時(shí)會(huì)把狀語提前,句子全部倒裝.如： Without fear lives he who isdevoted to a just cause.28.6 在以only +狀語開始的句子中,或是 not onlybut also句型 中Sentences beginning with only+ adverb, notonly but also etc. | 28.1 | 28.2 | 28.3 | 28.4 | 28.5 | 28.7 | top |以only +狀語開始的句子中,句子要局部倒裝.在“no

24、t only- but also"旬 型中,not only分旬要部分倒裝.這類倒裝常見于正式文體中.如：- -Only after entering the store did Anne realize that there was danger. -Only i n this way is it possible to explain their actions.- -Only in a few countries does the whole of the population enjoy a reasonable stan dard of living.- -Only by

25、shouting was he able to make himself heard.-Not only did we lose all our money, but we also came close to losing our lives.-Not only is he ill-mannered, but he is also the laziest and most irresponsible crea ture you couldever hope to meet.-Not only do they rob you, they smash everything too.注意：如果no

26、t only出現(xiàn)在旬首,但它修飾的中央是句子主語,此時(shí)主語和功能詞不能倒裝.-Not only he protested; several others joined in.28.7 用 于 其 他 一 些 特 殊 句 型中| 28.1 | 28.2 | 28.3 | 28.4 | 28.5 | 28.6 | top |28.7.1 用于有直接引語的句型中在直接引語之后,“主語+ say/ ask之類的動(dòng)詞可以用正語序,也可以倒裝, 在書面語中常用全部倒裝.如：- " What do you mean? asked Henry. ( or: Henry asked.)-“ Perha

27、ps he isn t a bad sort of chap after all, remarked Dave.-" am aware ofthat, replied the Englishman.“Please go away: said one child. And don't come back： pleaded another. 但 是,主語是代詞時(shí)不用倒裝.請(qǐng)比較： -"What do you mean? he asked.-"Who paying? shouted the fat man at the corner."Yoare, 'I answered.28.7.2 用于表示祝愿/意愿的句型這種祈求性虛擬語氣一般只用于幾種相當(dāng)固定的說法中.如：-Long live the People's Republic of China! -Far be it from me to spoil the fun.“may +主語+謂語這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示一種愿望或詛咒. -May you live a long and happy life! -May the best man win!-May he never set foot in this house again! -May you break your n