定語(yǔ)從句全程復(fù)習(xí)

1、定語(yǔ)從句全程復(fù)習(xí)Attributive Clause凱里一中 吳家軍注：帶有*的內(nèi)容屬于奧賽或大學(xué)內(nèi)容,僅供部分同學(xué)閱讀理解使用,平時(shí)可以忽略,掌握和運(yùn)用常見(jiàn)內(nèi)容即可。語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)淡化名稱,注重理解和操練, 講解方式和難度由教師自己掌握。一. 引入:修飾或限制名詞或代詞的成分叫定語(yǔ)。譯作“的” 如：1. The young woman is a high school teacher.(形容詞作定語(yǔ)) 2. I have got tons of homework to do.(不定式作定語(yǔ)) 3. The lady from Chongqing can not be more beautiful.

2、(短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)). 4. The man who is sleeping on the chair is Mr. Ouyang.(句子作定語(yǔ))概念：一個(gè)句子的定語(yǔ)部分不是單詞，不是短語(yǔ)，而是一個(gè)句子，這樣的句子叫做定語(yǔ)從句（也稱形容詞性從句）。二. 簡(jiǎn)單句,并列句和定語(yǔ)從句:The boy is my friend. He is watching TV.(兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句)The boy is my friend and he is watching TV.(并列句)The boy who is watching TV is my friend.(定語(yǔ)從句)*小結(jié): 并列連詞還有but; yet; w

3、hile(whereas); however和分號(hào)“;”等三. 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞:關(guān)系代詞（that/which/who/whom/whose+名詞/as）在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。關(guān)系副詞（when/where/ why）在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。1. This is the man who/that did me a favor that day.(作主語(yǔ))2. This is the dictionary (which /that) I bought yesterday.（作賓語(yǔ)）3. This is the company (which/that) I worked in 5 years ago.

4、（作賓語(yǔ)）4. This is the company where/in which I worked 5 years ago.（作狀語(yǔ)）5. Jay, whose parents are teachers, is preparing for his latest album.（作定語(yǔ)）*小結(jié)：1. 相應(yīng)意義的“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”與關(guān)系副詞之間可以相互轉(zhuǎn)化;例如：in/at/on/under.+ which = where; at /on /in/during.+ which = when; for which = why2. “whose”既可修飾人也可修飾物:例如：whose parents

5、= the parents of whom= of whom the parents(由ones parents或the parents of ones變化而來(lái)); whose branches= the branches of which= of which the branches(由the trees/its branches或the branches of the tree變化而來(lái))3.部分短語(yǔ)在簡(jiǎn)單句和定語(yǔ)從句中的變化對(duì)比:例如: both/none/neither/some/most of them-both/none/neither/some/most of whom/which

6、; after that-after which; during that time-during which (time);since then-since when; from here/there/-from where; by that time-by which time; at that time/place-at which time/place; about that subject-about which subject; in that case- in which case; in ones honor-in whose honor.(理解之后可以觸類旁通,無(wú)需硬性記憶。

7、)四. 宜用that的情況：1.先行詞是不定代詞時(shí)，如: “all, much, little, something, anything, everything, nothing”等: 如:1). All that glitters is not gold. 2).Is there anything else (that) you require?2.先行詞被 “all, much , little, no, any, the only, the last, the very” 等詞修飾時(shí):如:1). You can take any seat that is free. 2). This i

8、s the very thing (that) I am looking for.3.先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí): 如:1). This is the most wonderful movie (that) I have ever seen. 2). The third lesson we (that) had this morning was math.4. 先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)或者先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)時(shí):如:1). They are talking of the things and persons (that) they remembered in high school.2)

9、. She is no longer the little girl (that) she used to be.5.主句是特殊疑問(wèn)句或者是 “There be”句型時(shí)。如: 1). Who is the girl that is standing near the door? 2). There is a grammar book on the desk that belongs to Mr. Miller.五. which在非限制性定從中的意義和用法： “which”在非限定性定從中,既可以指先行詞，又可以指全句:注意:非限制性定從不能用that, why來(lái)引導(dǎo) 1. Her basket

10、 was full of bananas, which were given by her aunty. 2. He is overconfident, which makes his co-workers unhappy.六. as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句： 1. 當(dāng)從句缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí),用于一些固定搭配：the same/ so/ such/as.as1). They bought the same goods as we did that day.(同類,非同一事物)2). It was such a sunny day as we rarely saw in Britain. 2. 定從與狀從的區(qū)

11、別：觀察從句是否完整。 1). She was so cute a lady as we couldnt help looking at. (定從)2). She was so cute a lady that we couldnt help looking at her. (狀從)若有必要,講解：the same/so/suchthat(指同一事物) 3. as常與know, expect, report, mention, see, point out, announce,等詞連用，如： As is known to us all, smoking does a world of harm

12、 to our health.七. 拓展:1. 由 “the way方式,方法”作為先行詞時(shí)、且從句缺狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用that/in which（可省略）來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句；由 “time 次數(shù) 作為先行詞時(shí)，通常用that（可省略）來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句: Nobody seems to appreciate the way (that/in which) he walks. This is the first time (that) I have been here in Guangzhou.2. 當(dāng)先行詞是that本身,或指嬰兒,職位,品德時(shí),用which來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句;當(dāng)先行詞是case/condition

13、/situation/circumstance/position(情況,狀況,境地)和stage/point(地步)等詞時(shí), 且從句缺狀語(yǔ)時(shí),通常用where/ in which來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句: He got into a situation where he might lose control over the plane. They have reached a point where they have to separate with each other.注: point “時(shí)刻,關(guān)頭,地步”還可用when引導(dǎo)從句: We somtimes reached a point when

14、 we had no money left.3. 注意區(qū)分where; when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句(觀察是否有先行詞): Make a mark at the spot where you have any question. (定語(yǔ)從句) Make a mark where you have any question. (狀語(yǔ)從句)4. 注意定語(yǔ)從句與名詞性從句的區(qū)別（觀察是否有先行詞）以及 “one” 同位語(yǔ)先行詞的定語(yǔ)從句:This city is the one where/ in which you lived 10 years ago. (定語(yǔ)從句)This city is

15、where you lived 10 years ago. (表語(yǔ)從句)She is no longer the little girl (that) she used to be. (定語(yǔ)從句)She is no longer what she used to be.(表語(yǔ)從句)Meeting my classmate after many years was really an unforgettable experience, one I will always treasure.(one和experience屬同位語(yǔ)關(guān)系) 5. “all that”定語(yǔ)從句與“what”名詞性從句:

16、all that= what(另見(jiàn)名詞性從句)I will tell you all (that) I learned at the meeting.(定語(yǔ)從句)I will tell you what I learned at the meeting.(名詞性從句)6. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句與定從的結(jié)合句型: (另見(jiàn)特殊句式-強(qiáng)調(diào)句) It was in that house (which/that) his grandfather built that he was born.7. 定語(yǔ)從句的主謂一致問(wèn)題：以其真正的先行詞為準(zhǔn)：She is one of the beautiful girls who

17、live in Kaili.She is the only/very one of the beautiful girls who lives in Kaili.8. 定語(yǔ)從句的省略情況：由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞+ to do”構(gòu)成The farmer used wood to build a house in which he could store grains. = The farmer used wood to build a house in which to store grains. 9. 定語(yǔ)從句中的介詞提前問(wèn)題：一般情況下，固定短語(yǔ)的介詞不提前。10. 若有必要,以閱讀為目的拓展from where ; whence; from whence (從.地方；從那里，文), wherein = in which（在.方面，文，正式）,whereby = by which（憑借. 文，正式, 這些詞大多出現(xiàn)在文學(xué)作品或法律文體中）;