英語復合句語法及習題

1、復合句復合句:由一個主句加一個或幾個從句所構(gòu)成的句子。 從句只用作句子的一個成 分,不能獨立。根據(jù)從句在句子中的作用,可分為名詞性從句、定語從句和狀語從句。一.名詞性從句包括:主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句。引導名詞性從句的連詞有 that, if, whether, 連接代詞 who, whom, whose, what, which, 連接副詞 when, where, how, why。(一主語從句做主語用的名詞性從句, 因其在復合句中作主語又稱為主語從句, 引導主語從句 的連詞有 that, if, whether, 連接代詞 who, whom, what, which,

2、連接副詞 when, where, how, why。 How this happened is not clear. Which team will win the match is still unknown.連接詞:that , if , whether<1> that引導主語從句只起引導作用,本身無實際意義,在主語從句中不充當任 何承認,但不能省略。That he will win is certain.Whether he will come is still a question.*注意:由 that 引導的主語從句有時為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡,避免“頭重腳輕” , 常用 i

3、t 作形式主語,而把從句放在后面。1. That he will refuse this piece of advice is impossible.It is impossible that he will refuse this piece of advice.2. That they should like each other is natural.It is natural that they should like each other.如下常用句型:(1It is + n. +It is a pity/shame thatIt is a surprise thatIt is a

4、fact thatIt is a common knowledge thate.g. :It is a pity that we lost the match.It is a fact that he cheated in the exam.(2 It is + adj. +It is certain thatIt is possible thatIt is unlikely thatIt is obvious thatIt is necessary/important/natural/essential thate.g. :It is possible that she will come

5、back tomorrow.It is obvious that this measure is effective.(3it +be +過去分詞 +從句It is said thatIt is known to all thatIt is reported/ (commonly believed thatIt is suggested that + (should doIt must be admitted thatIt must be pointed out thate.g.: It is reported that 20 people were killed in the acciden

6、t.It is suggested that we should eat more vegetable and do more exercise. (4it +不及物動詞 +thatIt happens thatIt seems thatIt occurred to me thate.g.: It happened that I came into the office at that time.It occurred to me that I forgot to sent the letter.<2> whether 引導的主語從句<3> wh-/how引導的主語從句

7、Wh-詞包括:who, whom, whose, whoever, what, which, whatever, whichever等連 接代詞和 where, when, how, why等連接副詞。Whoever makes mistakes must correct them.(二賓語從句賓語從句就是在復合句中作賓語的名詞性坐具, 通常放在主句謂語動詞 (及物動 詞或介詞之后。<一 >.作動詞的賓語1.that 引導的賓語從句, that 通?？墒〕Ｓ帽磉_Some experts (firmly believe thatA recent report/study shows/

8、reveals thatSome researchers insist that.2.what, if, whether引導的賓語從句I wonder whether the practice can hold water.我不知道這種說法能否站得住腳、說得通。Many experts doubt whether English should be used as the only global officiallanguage.許多專家懷疑英語是否應該作為全球唯一額官方用語。*動詞 +間接賓語 +賓語從句He said, “I'm very glad ”.He said that h

9、e was very glad.<二 >作介詞的賓語It all depends on whether the government will support us.*it可作為形式賓語It 不僅可作為形式主語,還可作為形式賓語,而真正的賓語 that 從句則放在句 尾。 這種現(xiàn)象特別容易出現(xiàn)在帶復合賓語的句子中。 常與 make/find/consider/think等動詞使用 .否定轉(zhuǎn)移若主句謂語動詞為 think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine 等, 其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義, 一般要把

10、否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上, 從句 謂語用肯定式。I do not think this practice can bear close examinations.The poor will not consider that the so-called elite culture is available.練習題I .從下列 A 、 B 、 C 、 D 中選擇一個正確選項填空。1. I don't know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, I'll tell you.A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C

11、. if; That D. if; If2. I don't know _ the day after tomorrow.A. when does he come B. how will he comeC. if he comes D. whether he'll come3. Could you tell me _ the nearest hospital is?A. what B. how C. whether D. where4. Could you tell me _ the radio without any help?A. how did he mend B. wh

12、at did he mendC. how he mended D. what he mended5. I want to know _.A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is lookingC. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after 6. Do you know where _ now?A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live 7. Do you know what time _?A. the train leave B

13、. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves8. I don't know _. Can you tell me, please?A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two playersC. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are 9. The small children don't know _.A. what is their stocking

14、s in B. what is in their stockingsC. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings10. I can't understand _.A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does mean C. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas meansII. 按要求轉(zhuǎn)換句型。1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?(改

15、寫句子Could you tell us _ Mr. Brown _ living in China?2. "Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.(變?yōu)閺秃暇銱e asked me _ the girl _ some help.3. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either.(合并為一個句子_ Jim _Tom is a student.4. When does the train leave? I want to know.(改為含賓語從句的復合句 I want to kno

16、w _ the train _.5. They went home after they had finished their homework. (用 not . until 改寫 They _ go home _ they had finished their homework. 6. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. (改為含賓語從句的復 合句 Li Lei wants to know _ Peter _ here yesterday.習題(一1 The girls asked if they _ some food

17、 and drink with them.A. took B. take C. takes D. will take2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been 3 The students want to know whether they_ dictionary today.A. had B. has C. will have D. are4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some

18、.A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth.A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled習題(二1 Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty?A. who B. what C. when D. that2 I don't know _ they have passed the exam.A. what B. if C. when D. where3 I

19、hardly understand. _ he has told me.A. that B. what C. which D. who4 She didn't know_ back soon.A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be5. I don't know _ he still lives here after so many years.A. whether B where C. what D. when6. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evenin

20、g?A. what B when C why D how7. He asked me _told me the accident.A whom B which C who D whose習題(三1. They don't know _their parents are.A that B what C why D which2. Please tell me _what last year.A. where does your sister work B where did your sister workC where your sister works D where your si

21、ster worked3. She asked me if I knew _.A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it 4. You must remember _.A. what your mother said B. what did your mother sayC. your mother said what D. what has your mother said5 Did you know _?A. who he was looking after B. who was

22、 he looking forC. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after6 Could you tell me _?A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave BeijingC. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing習題(四1. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an in

23、teresting book.A. that B. how C. what D. if2. I don't know _ Mr. Green will come to see us. He will help us with our English.A. why B. when C. how D. where3. We never know _ the old man is. They say he is a teacher.A. what B. who C. which D. where4. I was told _ Bill Gates was thirteen he began

24、to play with computers. A. that how B. how that C. when that D. that when5. Do you know _ ? I'm going to see him. Sorry, I don't know.A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li liveC. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived6. W here do you think _ he _ the computer? Sorry, I have no idea

25、.A. /; bought B. has; bought C. did; buy D. does; buy7. I don't feel very well. Mum asked me _ this morning.A. what the matter is B. what is wrongC. what the matter was D. what wrong was8. Where is Jack?He is away to spend his holiday. He's gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan, but I'm no

26、t sure _. A. that B. which C. where D. there (三表語從句 在復合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)式“主語+系動詞+ 表語從句” ，可接表語從句的系動詞有：be, look, seem, remain 等。 引導表語從句的 that ?？墒÷裕硗獬Ｓ玫倪€有 the reason is thatit is because 等結(jié)構(gòu) 問題是我們是否能在這么短的的時間里解決經(jīng)濟危機。 The question is whether we can solve economic crisis in such a short time. （四）同

27、位語從句 同位語從句的特點是由“抽象名詞+that 從句”構(gòu)成，引導詞一般是 that， 而且 that 在從句中不充當任何成分。 這些抽象名詞有：news, idea, fact, doubt, evidence, promise, rumor, hope, truth, belief, message 等。 作用：同位語從句對抽象名詞進行說明解釋 我同意合作比競爭重要這個觀點。 I agree with the idea/point/thought that cooperation is more important than competition. 我開始意識到一個顯而易見的事實，那就

28、是發(fā)展是有限的。 We start to realize an obvious fact that development is limited. It is an unavoidable task that the young generations conserve and protect their national historical and cultural heritages. 保護和推廣自己國家的歷史文化遺產(chǎn)是年青一代不可推卸的任務。 It is a great pity that many aboriginal languages and cultures are on th

29、e verge of extinction due to the rapid development of international tourism. 很遺憾， 由于國際旅游業(yè)的迅猛發(fā)展，許多土著語言與文化正處于滅絕的 邊緣。 It is a common belief that language is the vehicle of culture, so killing a language is killing a culture. 人們普遍認為，語言是文化的載體，因此扼殺語言等同于扼殺文化。 It is essential that a society should reject it

30、s traditions if it wants to make progress. 6 如果一個社會想要進步，拋棄傳統(tǒng)很重要。 It is vital that a nation should preserve its cultural heritage and supports new ideas. 對于一個國家而言，保護文化遺產(chǎn)和支持新主張至關(guān)重要。 政府幫助創(chuàng)建并維持一種倡導思想解放和想象自由的氛圍是值得的。 It is worthwhile that the government helps create and sustain a climate encouraging freed

31、om of thought and imagination. 據(jù)報道，世界上 6000 種語言中有一半瀕臨滅絕。 It has been reported that half of the worlds 6000 languages are under the threat of extinction.(on the verge of extinction 人們普遍認為國際旅游業(yè)促進了跨文化交流。 It is widely accepted that international tourism has promoted cross-cultural communication. 似乎旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展能促進跨文化交際和保護自然文化遺產(chǎn)。 It seems that the development of tourism can promote the cross-cultural communication and c