初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)之動(dòng)詞的八種時(shí)態(tài)詳解

1、動(dòng)詞的八種時(shí)態(tài)詳解一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1.表經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情、存在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)eg She sings with the band Crazy Boy.2.表內(nèi)心活動(dòng)感情等eg I don't think you are right.3.描述客觀真理eg Birds fly in the sky.4.表預(yù)定的行為eg The train leaves at 9. ·基本結(jié)構(gòu)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)除主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞要加s外，其他一律用動(dòng)詞原形。例句：I go to school at 6 every morning. 每天早上我七點(diǎn)去上學(xué)。Summer follows spring.

2、 春天之后是夏天。The sun rises in the east. 太陽從東方升起。I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.我在小學(xué)就學(xué)過地球是圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)的。Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必?cái)　?#183;時(shí)態(tài)詳解：主要用于下面幾情況:1) 描述當(dāng)前時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。在這種情景中,句子常帶有表示頻率的時(shí)間狀語:always , everyday , often , once a week (month , year , etc.)

3、, sometimes , seldom , usually等等,以表示句中的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是習(xí)慣性的、經(jīng)常性的。例如:They raise ducks as a sideline .他們以養(yǎng)鴨為副業(yè)。She doesn't often write to her family, only once a month. 她不常給家里寫信,僅一月一封而已。I cycle to work every day .我每天騎自行車上班。It seldom rains here .這兒很少下雨。2) 僅為了描述狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征、能力等等。這里的目的是為了"描述現(xiàn)階段的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)",其重

4、點(diǎn)"不是強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、或進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)"。例如:He can speak five foreign languages .他能說五種外語。That is a beautiful city .那是座美麗的城市。Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 長(zhǎng)江是世界上最長(zhǎng)的河流She majors in music .她主修音樂。All my family love football .我全家人都喜歡足球。My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹總是

5、樂于助人。3) 陳述客觀事實(shí)、客觀真理。顧名思義,客觀的情況是"沒有時(shí)間概念"的;也"不會(huì)在意動(dòng)作進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)"。例如:The sun rises in the east .日出東方。The earth goes around the sun .地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。Ten minus two is eight.十減二等于八。Light travels faster than sound .光的速度比聲音的速度快。The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. 美國(guó)位于太平洋西岸。4）

6、根據(jù)英文語法規(guī)定,當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般將來時(shí),那么時(shí)間或條件狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來表示將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回來時(shí),我將告訴他這個(gè)消息。If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details.如果你接受這份工作，他們將和你談?wù)劶?xì)節(jié)。用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的副詞,除了上面提到的一些表示頻率的以外,常見的還有:now, today，nowadays等等。·特殊用法一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示過去1. 用于某些動(dòng)詞(tell,

7、 say, hear, learn, gather等)表示不確定的過去時(shí)間。如:The story is set in the summer of 1937. 故事的背景是1937年夏天。The story begins in the year 1937. 故事開始于1937年。2. 當(dāng)要陳述一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)時(shí)，有時(shí)即使有過去時(shí)間狀語也可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：The story begins in the year 1937. 故事開始于1937年。1）用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.I  like _ (swim).       

8、;                2.He _(read) English  every  day.3.We _(go)to school at seven in the morning.  4.Mike_(go)to school at seven in the morning.5.My  mother_(like) _(go) shopping.   &

9、#160;   6.I can _(draw)  many  beautiful  pictures.7.She_(make) a  model  plane.                8.Do  you _(like)_(run)?9.Does  he_(like)_(jump) ?    

10、      10.Does Nancy_(grow)flowers on Saturday ?11.The  teachers_(like)_(dance).     12.The teacher_(like)_(dance).13.The students_(speak) English in class.     14.The student_(speak) Chinese after class. 15. Le

11、t's_and play football . ( go )          16. He_ like swimming . ( not ) 17. I'm sorry _that . ( hear )       18. Wang Bing is_ ( write ) an E-mail to his friend .19. He has_a headache . ( get )20. _you

12、study English at school ? Yes , I_. ( do )21. _your sister study English at school ? No , she_ . ( do )22. I'm _ better . ( feel )                     23. Why_Tom absent today ? ( be )2）用所給的人

13、稱改寫句子1.I take photos on Sunday. ( Mike)2.We grow beautiful flowers. (she)3.They like collecting stamps. (Ben)4.I listen to music carefully. (my aunt)5.You like making a model ship. (Helen)6.We clean the classroom every day. (he)7.They look after the pandas. (Mr Wang)8.I draw a tree and some flowers.

14、 (Nancy)9.We go to bed at eight. ( my sister)10.I read newspapers in the evening. (Mr Green) 3）寫出下列動(dòng)詞的相應(yīng)形式 1. 第三人稱單數(shù)： wash_ match _guess_ study_ finish_ go_ snow_ carry_ 2.寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過去式：stop_ see_ drive _let_ carry_ keep_ join_ find_ think_ teach_ catch_ 3. 寫出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式： stay_ begi

15、n_ forget_ forget_ lie_  die _ run_ prefer_ give_  ring_ dance_ hope_ II. 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空： 1I _(write) to you as soon as I _(get) to London. 2. He doean't feel well and _(not eat) any food this morning. 3. He _ not _(see) me come in, for he _(read) something with great

16、 interest. 4. I _(l;et) you have the book as soon as I _(finish) it. 5. While we _(wait) for our teacher, a little boy _(run) up to us. 6. Don't make a niose. Grandpa _(sleep).  7.It's seven now, Tom's family_(watch) TV. 8. It _(take) me two hours to finish my ho

17、mework last night. 9. What _ your mother _(do) at eight yesterday evening? She _(wash) clothes. 10. _ it _ (rain) when school was over yesterday? 11. What _(do) _ tomorrow? We _ (play) football. 12. There _ (be) a football match on TV this evening. 13. They said they _ (visi

18、t) the Great Wall the next summer holiday. 14. Who _ (dance) the best in your class?        15. Will you come if he _ (not come)? 16. The teacher told us the earth _ (move) round the sun.  17She _ (buy) a sweater yesterday.18. They _ (have) a party i

19、n the garden if it _ (not rain) tomorrow. 19. I don't know if Mr.Wang _ (go) to Shanghai tomorrow. If he _ (go), I _ (ask) him _ (take) some books to my daughter, because she _ (study) there. III單項(xiàng)選擇： 1.The students will go to the Summer Palace if it _ tomorrow.   &

20、#160;  A.don't rain B. doesn't rain C. won't rain 2. There _ an English film next week.    A. will have B. is going to have C. is going to be D. was going to be 3. The picture _ nice.             A.

21、looks B.is looked C.look D.is looking 4. She _ down and soon fell asleep.     A. live B. lain C. laid D. lay 5. They _ the office at nine yesterday morning.        A. reached to B. arrived C. went D. get to 6. We shall go to Shang

22、hai on business before you _ back next week. A. wil come B. came C. would come D. come 7. Don't smoke until the plane _ off.  A.takes B.took C.was taken D.is take 8. I saw her _ the room this morning.  A.to enter B. entered C. enter D. enters 9.the teacher asked us

23、_ to school on time. A. to come B.coming C.come D.comes 10. John is always _ others.            A. help B. helping C. helps D. to help 11. He told us _ at eight.            A. work

24、ing B. to work C. work D. worked 12. You'd better _ at home and _ your homework. A. to stay, do B. stay, do C. to stay, to do D. stay, to do 13. He sat down _ a rest.             A. having B. have C. to have D. had 1

25、4. Uncle Wang knows _ a washing machine. A. how to make B. to make C. how making D. what to make 15. Jim decided _ Polly to Ling Feng when he was back to England. A. to leave B. left C. leaving D. leave4）改句子 1.Do you often play football after school? (肯定回答)  2.I have ma

26、ny books.  （改為否定句） 3.Gao Shan's sister likes playing table tennis （改為否定句）4.She lives in a small town near New York.    （改為一般疑問句）   5.I watch TV every day. （改為一般疑問句）  6.David has got a goal. （改為一般疑問句）7.We have four lessons.（否定句）8.Nancy doesn't

27、 run fast （肯定句）9.My dog runs fast. 否定句： 一般疑問句：10.Mike has two letters for him. 一般疑問句： 否定句：11.I usually play football on Friday afternoon. 否定句: 一般疑問句: 劃線提問12.Su Yang usually washes some clothes on Saturday. 否定句: 一般疑問句: 劃線提問:13.Mingming usually waters the flowers every day 否定句: 一般疑問句: 劃線提問14.Tom does

28、his homework at home. 否定句: 一般疑問句: 劃線提問二、一般過去時(shí)1.表過去發(fā)生的事情或存在的狀態(tài)eg Suddenly,the clouds cleared and the rain stopped. 2.表過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情eg I was very thin in my childhood.3.帶有確定的過去的時(shí)間狀語eg Did you meet yesterday? He left just now. ·基本結(jié)構(gòu)：一般過去時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)一般過去時(shí)用動(dòng)詞的過去式構(gòu)成，即在動(dòng)詞原形后加ed。例句：He was here just now. 他剛才還在這里。

29、What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做了什么事？We often played together when we were children. 我們小時(shí)候常在一起玩。He used to smoke a lot, but he doesnt now. 他過去經(jīng)常抽煙，但現(xiàn)在不抽了。Whenever we were in trouble, he would help us. 每當(dāng)我們遇到困難，他都會(huì)幫助我們。At that time she was very good at English. 那時(shí)她英語學(xué)得很好。He said he would wait until th

30、ey came back.·時(shí)態(tài)詳解：一般過去時(shí)最詳細(xì)解析 主要是用來描述在過去某個(gè)時(shí)候發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。它也可以用來表示在過去某段時(shí)間里經(jīng)常發(fā)生的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。這一點(diǎn)在表達(dá)意義上與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)相同，只是所在的時(shí)間區(qū)域不同而已。由于它的主要作用如此，所以在使用一般過去時(shí)的句子里常常有一個(gè)意義較具體的過去時(shí)間狀語。這也是它與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的最大區(qū)別之一。一般過去時(shí)由謂語動(dòng)詞的過去式表示，也就是說動(dòng)詞詞末要加-ed（除不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞外）。常和一般過去時(shí)連用的過去時(shí)間狀語有：last night (week ,month , year , century , etc.) , yeste

31、rday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning ( afternoon , evening ) , in 1999 , two hours ago ( one week ago , tree years ago , )等等。使用一般過去時(shí)，在某種意義上說就是要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生或存在于過去的某個(gè)時(shí)候。"過去"的時(shí)間概念有兩層意思：一是指"現(xiàn)在某個(gè)時(shí)間"以前的時(shí)間；二是指"說話、寫文章的那個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)"以前的時(shí)間，在這個(gè)意義上，"現(xiàn)在的那個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)"是很小很小的，甚至

32、于小到無法量化的程度。例如：He got his driving license last month. 他上個(gè)月拿到了駕照。-Where's Jim? 吉姆在哪里？-He just went out.他剛剛出去。 ·特殊用法：一般過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在(1) 在賓語從句中，由于時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)的關(guān)系，可用一般過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在：I didnt know you were here. 我不知道你在這兒。(were實(shí)際上指現(xiàn)在)I didnt know you were so busy我沒想到你這么忙。(were實(shí)際上指現(xiàn)在)(2) 表示客氣委婉的現(xiàn)在：I wondered if you

33、 were free this evening. 不知您今晚是否有空。I thought you might like some flowers. 我想您也許想要些花?！咀ⅰ磕苓@樣有的動(dòng)詞主要限于want, wonder, think, hope, intend等少數(shù)動(dòng)詞。(3) 用于某些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中表示現(xiàn)在：Its time we started. 我們?cè)搫?dòng)身了。I wish I knew his name. 要是我知道他的名字就好了。Id rather you lived closer to us. 我希望你能住得離我們近點(diǎn)?！咀ⅰ吭撚梅ㄖ饕糜?its time, I wish, Id r

34、ather, if only, as if, as though 等少數(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)后接從句的情形，其中有些結(jié)構(gòu)后面的句子還可用一般過去時(shí)表示將來：Id rather you came next Monday. 我寧愿你下周星期一來。另外表主觀想法的虛擬條件句也用一般過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在：If I had the money now Id buy a car. 假若我現(xiàn)在有錢，我就買輛小汽車。 ·時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)：一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過去式isam_  fly_  plant_  are _  drink_play_    go

35、_  make _ does_  dance_worry_  ask _   taste_  eat_ draw_put _    throw_ kick_  pass_   do _二、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I _ an English teacher now.2. She _ happy yesterday.3. They _ glad to see each other last month.4. Helen and Nancy _ good friends.5

36、. The little dog _ two years old this year.6. Look, there _ lots of grapes here.7. There _ a sign on the chair on Monday.8. Today _ the second of June. Yesterday _ the first of June. It _ Children's Day. All the students _ very excited.三、句型變換1 There was a car in front of the house just now.否定句：_

37、一般疑問句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_2 They played football in the playground.否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_四、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go)4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?5. _ he _ (fly)

38、a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _.6. Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _.8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning?She _ (find) a beautiful butterfly.9. It _ (be) Ben's birthday last Friday 10. 10. We all _ (have) a go

39、od time last night.11. He _ (jump) high on last Sports Day. 12. 12. Helen _ (milk) a cow on Friday.13. She likes _ newspapers, but she _ a book yesterday. (read)14. He _ football now, but they _ basketball just now. (play)15. Jim's mother _ (plant) trees just now.16. _ they _ (sweep) the fl

40、oor on Sunday? No, they _.17. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Monday. 18 We _ (go) to school on Sunday.19. It _ (be) the 2nd of November yesterday. Mr White _ (go) to his office by car.20. Gao Shan _ (put) the book on his head a moment ago.21. Don't _ the house. Mum _ it yesterday. (clean)22. What

41、 _ you _ just now? I _ some housework. (do)23. They _ (make) a kite a week ago.24. I want to _ apples. But my dad _ all of them last month. (pick)25. _ he _ the flowers this morning? Yes, he _. (water)26. She _ (be) a pretty girl. Look, she _ (do) Chinese dances.27. The students often _ (draw) some

42、pictures in the art room.28.What _ Mike do on the farm? He _ cows. (milk)五、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1、Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句）Lucy _ _ her homework at home.2、He found some meat in the fridge（冰箱）.（變一般疑問句)_ he _ _ meat in the fridge?3、She stayed there for a week.（對(duì)劃線部分提問）_ _ _ she _ there?4、There was some oran

43、ge in the cup.（變一般疑問句)_ there _ orange in the cup?六、中譯英1我的故事書剛才還在手表旁邊。 _2他們的外套上個(gè)禮拜放在臥室里了。 _3一會(huì)以前花園里有兩只小鳥。 _4. 格林先生去年住在中國(guó)。 _5. 昨天我們參觀了農(nóng)場(chǎng)。 _6. 他剛才在找他的手機(jī)。 _7. 我過了一個(gè)忙碌但卻刺激的周末。I _ _ _ _ exciting weekend.8. Jenny喜歡看書。昨晚她看了一本英語書。Jenny likes _ _. She _ an English book last night.9. Emma每天都看電視?？墒亲蛱焖麤]有看。Emma

44、_ TV every day. But he _ _ yesterday. 10. 上周六他們做什么了？他們做作業(yè)和購(gòu)物了。What _ they _ _ Saturday?They _ _ homework and _ _.三、一般將來時(shí)· 1.要在將來的某個(gè)時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生，是“純粹的將來動(dòng)作”。eg I shall / will not be free tomorrow. 2.表說話人的意圖、打算或某種可能性eg Who is going to speak first? 3.按計(jì)劃要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或命令他人做某事eg The new bridge is to open to traffi

45、c in 3 days. ·基本結(jié)構(gòu)：一般將來時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu) 由 will 加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，當(dāng)主語是第一人稱時(shí)，也可以用 shall 加動(dòng)詞原形。例如：Telephone me this evening. Ill be at home. 今晚給我打電話，我會(huì)在家。Ill (shall/will) do a better job next time. 下次我要干得好些。The car wont start. 車開不了啦。Oil and water will not mix. 油和水沒法混在一起。 ·時(shí)態(tài)詳解：一般將來時(shí)最詳細(xì)解析 主要用來描述將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在于未來

46、的情況。這里所說的“將來時(shí)間”是指“說話、寫文章那一刻以后的時(shí)間”。它的表示方法主要有如下幾種：1）shall / will + 動(dòng)詞原形這種表示方法是說，動(dòng)作在現(xiàn)在或目前還未發(fā)生，要在將來的某個(gè)時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生；它沒有主觀性，是“純粹的將來動(dòng)作”。例如：I shall / will not be free tomorrow .我明天沒空。He will arrive here this evening .他今晚抵達(dá)這里。2) be( am / is / are ) + going +不定式這種表示方法主要是說明 A）“說話人的意圖、打算”；B）“某種可能性”。例如：A) He is going t

47、o spend his holidays in London . 他打算在倫敦度假。Who is going to speak first? 誰先發(fā)言？B) It is going to rain soon .馬上要下雨了。Is he going to collect any data for us? 他會(huì)幫我們收集資料嗎？If you go to New Zealand, you are going to like the place. 如果你去新西蘭，你會(huì)喜歡上那個(gè)地方的。3) be( am / is / are ) + 不定式表示方法描述兩鐘情況：按計(jì)劃安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)

48、間一般不會(huì)很遠(yuǎn)； 要求或命令他人做某事。例如：A) The new bridge is to open to traffic in three days. 新橋三天后通車。The factory is to go into production before National Day. 這家工廠國(guó)慶節(jié)前投產(chǎn)。B) You are not to bring any mobile communication means into the exam-room . 任何移動(dòng)通訊工具都不得帶入考場(chǎng)。You are to stay home until your mother comes back. 你媽

49、回來之前你不要出去。4) 用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（限于某些動(dòng)詞）表示按計(jì)劃安排要發(fā)生的事。主要強(qiáng)調(diào)“按計(jì)劃安排要發(fā)生的事”。例如：Do you get off at the next stop? 你下一站下車嗎？The plane takes off at 11:00 a.m. 那架飛機(jī)上午十一點(diǎn)起飛。Mr. Reider is leaving for New York next week. 里德先生下周動(dòng)身去紐約。·特殊用法：表示將來的五種常用非時(shí)態(tài)方式 1. “be+不定式”：表示命令、安排、傾向或必須、義務(wù)等。如：She is to play Juliet. 她扮演朱麗葉。Y

50、ou are to make the necessary changes. 你要做出必要的改變。2. “be about to + 不定式”：表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，有“即將”的意思，但不能和具體的時(shí)間狀語連用。如：The package is about to come unwrapped. 那個(gè)包快散開了。3. “be going + 不定式”：表示按計(jì)劃或安排打算去做某事，或表示有跡象表明要發(fā)生某事。如：We are going to call her this evening. 我們打算今晚給她打電話。My sisters going to have a baby this summer.

51、 我姐姐今年夏天要生孩子。4. 用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來：主要表示按規(guī)定或時(shí)間預(yù)計(jì)要發(fā)生的事。如：The students are leaving on Sunday. 學(xué)生們星期日出發(fā)。Were having a party next week. 我們下星期將開一個(gè)晚會(huì)。5. 用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來：表示按規(guī)定或時(shí)間預(yù)計(jì)要發(fā)生的事。如：We have a holiday tomorrow. 我們明天放假。The train leaves at 10:04 this evening. 火車今晚10:04分開。 ·時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)：初中英語語法 一般將來時(shí)練習(xí)題 一、單項(xiàng)選擇( 

52、  ) 1.  There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.       A. will be going to       B. will going to be   C. is going to be     D. will go to be(   ) 2.  Charlie _ here next month.  

53、;    A. isn't working     B. doesn't working  C. isn't going to working     D. won't work(   ) 3.  He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week.     A. will be; is    &

54、#160;       B. is; is      C. will be; will be        D. is; will be(   ) 4.  There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.   A. was        B. i

55、s going to have    C. will have    D. is going to be(   ) 5.  -_ you _ free tomorrow? - No. I _ free the day after tomorrow.A. Are; going to; will      B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be   D. Are; g

56、oing to be; will be(   ) 6.  Mother _ me a nice present on my next birthday.         A. will gives     B. will give     C. gives             

57、; D. give(   ) 7.  - Shall I buy a cup of tea for you?       -_. （不，不要。）  A. No, you won't.       B. No, you aren't.   C. No, please don't.        D. No, please.(&

58、#160;  ) 8.  - Where is the morning paper?       - I _ if for you at once.         A. get            B. am getting       C. to get 

59、;       D. will get(   ) 9.  _ a concert next Saturday?    A. There will be      B. Will there be     C. There can be     D. There are(   ) 10. If they come, we _ a

60、meeting.         A. have      B. will have     C. had          D. would have(   ) 11. He _ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday.        A. gives   B. gave     C. will giving