硬件電子琴及硬件樂(lè)曲演奏電路

1、FPGA嵌入式系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)專題實(shí)踐結(jié)課論文題目：硬件電子琴及硬件樂(lè)曲演奏電路專業(yè)：電子信息科學(xué)與技術(shù)一、設(shè)計(jì)題目硬件電子琴及硬件樂(lè)曲演奏電路二、設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)1.學(xué)習(xí)利用蜂鳴器和按鍵設(shè)計(jì)硬件電子琴2.利用硬件電子琴原理設(shè)計(jì)硬件演奏電路3.掌握VHDL編程語(yǔ)言，了解實(shí)際設(shè)計(jì)中的優(yōu)化方案三、設(shè)計(jì)原理音樂(lè)演奏的原理是：由于組成樂(lè)曲的每個(gè)音符的頻率值(音調(diào))及其持續(xù)時(shí)間(音長(zhǎng))是樂(lè)曲演奏的兩個(gè)基本數(shù)據(jù)，因此需要控制輸出到揚(yáng)聲器的激勵(lì)信號(hào)的頻率高低和該頻率信號(hào)持續(xù)的時(shí)間。四、設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容1、硬件電子琴(1）原理圖（2）.分頻器程序-filename clk_div3.vhd-description:LIBRARY I

2、EEE;ENTITY Clk_Div3 ISPORT(clk_in: IN STD_LOGIC;clk_out: OUT STD_LOGIC ) ;END ;ARCHITECTURE myArchitecture OF Clk_Div3 isSIGNAL cnt1, cnt2: integer range 0 to 2;SIGNAL clk1, clk2: STD_LOGIC ; BEGINPROCESS(clk_in)BEGINIF rising_edge(clk_in) THEN IF cnt1 < 2 THEN cnt1 <= cnt1 + 1; ELSEcnt1 <=

3、 0; END IF;IF cnt1 < 1 THEN clk1 <= '1' ELSEclk1 <= '0' END IF;END IF;END PROCESS;PROCESS(clk_in)BEGINIF falling_edge(clk_in) THEN IF cnt2 < 2 THEN cnt2 <= cnt2 + 1 ; ELSEcnt2 <= 0 ;END IF ;IF cnt2 < 1 thenclk2 <= '1' ;ELSEclk2 <= '0' ;END I

4、F ;END IF ;END PROCESS ;clk_out <= clk1 OR clk2 ; END ;（3）.七個(gè)中音主程序module beepx(clk,key,beep,led,ledbt); input clk;input7:0key; /模塊名稱beep /系統(tǒng)時(shí)鐘12MHz /按鍵輸入output beep;output7:0led; /蜂鳴器輸出端output7:0ledbt;reg beep_r; /LED輸出 /寄存器reg15:0count,count_end;reg7:0key_r;reg7:0led_bt;always(posedge clk)begine

5、ndalways (key)beginkey_r = key; case(key_r) 8'b11111110:begin count_end =16'h2CCA ; key_r = 8'b11111001; led_bt =/中音1的分頻系數(shù)值 /取鍵值 count <= count + 1'b1; begin end count <= 16'h0; /計(jì)數(shù)器清零 /計(jì)數(shù)器加1 if(count = count_end)&(!(count_end = 16'hffff) beep_r <= !beep_r; /取反輸出

6、信號(hào) 8'b11111110 ; end8'b11111101:begin count_end =16'h27E8; key_r = 8'b10100100; led_bt =/中音2的分頻系數(shù)值key_r = 8'b10110000; led_bt = 8'b11111110 ;end 8'b11111011:begin count_end =16'h238D;8'b11111110 ;end /中音3的分頻系數(shù)值8'b11110111:begin count_end =16'h218E; key_r =

7、 8'b10011001; led_bt = 8'b11111110 ;end /中音4的分頻系數(shù)值8'b11101111:begin count_end =16'h1DE5; key_r = 8'b10010010; led_bt = 8'b11111110 ;end /中音5的分頻系數(shù)值8'b11011111:begin count_end =16'h1AA2; key_r = 8'b10000010; led_bt = 8'b11111110 ;end /中音6的分頻系數(shù)值8'b10111111: b

8、egin count_end =16'h17BA; key_r = 8'b11111000; led_bt = 8'b11111110 ;end /中音7的分頻系數(shù)值8'b01111110: begin count_end =16'h166B;key_r = 8'b11111001; led_bt = 8'b11111110 ; end /高音1的分頻系數(shù)值8'b01111101: begin count_end =16'h13F4;key_r = 8'b10100100; led_bt = 8'b1111

9、1110 ; end /高音2的分頻系數(shù)值8'b01111011: begin count_end =16'h11C7; key_r = 8'b10110000; led_bt = 8'b11111110 ; end /高音3的分頻系數(shù)值8'b01110111: begin count_end =16'h10C7; key_r = 8'b10011001; led_bt = 8'b11111110 ; end /高音4的分頻系數(shù)值8'b01101111: begin count_end =16'h0EF3; key

10、_r = 8'b10010010; led_bt = 8'b11111110 ; end /高音5的分頻系數(shù)值8'b01011111: begin count_end =16'h0D51; key_r = 8'b10000010; led_bt = 8'b11111110 ; end /高音6的分頻系數(shù)值8'b00111111: begin count_end =16'h0BDD; key_r = 8'b11111000; led_bt = 8'b11111110 ; end /高音7的分頻系數(shù)值endassign

11、 beep =beep_r;assign led =key_r;assign ledbt = led_bt ;endmodule2. 硬件樂(lè)曲演奏電路。（1）內(nèi)存分配圖/輸出音樂(lè) /輸出按鍵狀態(tài) default:count_end = 16'hffff; endcase（2）主程序library IEEE;ENTITY buzzer ISPORT (ch : IN std_logic;-鍵盤與歌曲播放選擇 cho : IN std_logic;-歌曲切換 key_data : IN std_logic_vector(2 DOWNTO 0);-電子琴組合鍵盤輸入 clk : IN std

12、_logic;-系統(tǒng)時(shí)鐘out_bit : OUT std_logic);-輸出給蜂鳴器END buzzer;ARCHITECTURE arch OF buzzer ISCOMPONENT liangzhuPORT(address:in std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);clock:in std_logic; q:out std_logic_vector(15 downto 0); END COMPONENT;signal sta1: std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);signal sta: integer range 0 to 147;sign

13、al count: std_logic_vector(15 DOWNTO 0);signal count_end: std_logic_vector(15 DOWNTO 0);signal count1: std_logic_vector(23 DOWNTO 0);signal out_bit_temp : std_logic; signal key_temp : std_logic_vector(2 DOWNTO 0); signal count_end_temp : std_logic_vector(15 DOWNTO 0); signal choice : std_logic;-音調(diào)分頻

14、數(shù)BEGIN out_bit<=out_bit_temp; key_temp<=key_data;PROCESS(cho)-歌曲間切換 BEGINIF(cho'EVENT AND cho='1')THENchoice<=NOT choice; END IF; END PROCESS;PROCESS(clk)-分頻后的音調(diào)輸出控制BEGINIF(clk'EVENT AND clk='1')THENcount <=count+1;IF (count = count_end) THENcount <=x"0000

15、" out_bit_temp<=NOT out_bit_temp; END IF; END IF;END PROCESS;U :liangzhu PORT MAP (address=>sta1,q=>count_end_temp,clock=>clk); -與liangzhu.vhd的接口PROCESS(clk,ch,choice,cho)-音調(diào)單位時(shí)長(zhǎng)和曲譜依次播放(sta自加)控制 BEGIN IF(ch='1')THEN-鍵盤與歌曲播放切換 IF(clk'EVENT AND clk='1')THEN IF(coun

16、t1<t) THEN count1<=count1+1; ELSE count1<=x"000000" IF(choice='1')THEN sta<=0; IF(sta1=10001010)THENsta1<="00000000" ELSE sta1<=sta1+1; count_end<=count_end_temp;-梁祝曲譜信息賦給count_end END IF; ELSE sta1<="00000000" IF(sta=147)THENsta<=0; E

17、LSE sta<=sta+1; CASE sta IS-友誼天長(zhǎng)地久曲譜信息 WHEN 0|1=>count_end<=suo0; WHEN 2 TO 8=>count_end<=duo; WHEN 9|10=>count_end<=me; WHEN 11 TO 14=>count_end<=lai; WHEN 15=>count_end<=duo; WHEN 16|17=>count_end<=lai; WHEN 18|19=>count_end<=me; WHEN 20 TO 24=>count

18、_end<=duo; WHEN 25|26=>count_end<=me; WHEN 27|28=>count_end<=suo; WHEN 29 TO 33=>count_end<=la; WHEN 34 TO 38=>count_end<=la; WHEN 39 TO 42=>count_end<=suo; WHEN 43 TO 45=>count_end<=me; WHEN 46|47=>count_end<=duo; WHEN 48 TO 51=>count_end<=lai; WHE

19、N 52=>count_end<=duo; WHEN 53|54=>count_end<=lai;WHEN 55|56=>count_end<=me; WHEN 57 TO 60=>count_end<=duo; WHEN 61 TO 63=>count_end<=la0; WHEN 64 TO 65=>count_end<=suo0; WHEN 66 TO 69=>count_end<=duo; WHEN 70 TO 73=>count_end<=duo; WHEN 74|75=>count

20、_end<=la; WHEN 76 TO 79=>count_end<=suo; WHEN 80 TO 82=>count_end<=me; WHEN 83|84=>count_end<=duo; WHEN 85 TO 88=>count_end<=lai; WHEN 89=>count_end<=duo; WHEN 90|91=>count_end<=lai; WHEN 92|93=>count_end<=la; WHEN 94 TO 97=>count_end<=suo; WHEN 98

21、TO 100=>count_end<=me; WHEN 101|102=>count_end<=suo; WHEN 103 TO 106=>count_end<=la; WHEN 107 TO 110=>count_end<=la; WHEN 111|112=>count_end<=duo1; WHEN 113 TO 116=>count_end<=suo; WHEN 117 TO 119=>count_end<=me; WHEN 120|121=>count_end<=duo; WHEN 122 TO 125=>count_end<=lai; WHEN 126=>count_end<=duo; WHEN 127|128=>count_end<=lai; WHEN 129|130=>count_end<=me; WHEN 131 TO 134=>count_end<=duo; WHEN 135 TO 137=>count_end<=la0; WHEN 138|139=>count_end<=suo0;WHEN 140 TO 143=>count_end<=duo; WHEN 144 TO 1