虛擬語(yǔ)氣的規(guī)則總結(jié)版

1、WORD格式專業(yè)資料整理虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣 ：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實(shí)，而是說話人的主觀愿望、假設(shè)或推測(cè)等。 一、 if 從句：表示與事實(shí)情況相反條件從句的謂語(yǔ)形式主句的謂語(yǔ)形式表示現(xiàn)在情況過去式 （did）（be 常用 were）would / could / might / should + do表示過去情況過去完成式 (had +done)would / could / might / should +have done表示將來情況過去式（did）/（were） should + dowould / could / might / should + do were to do通常情

2、況下 , 在條件句中主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所指時(shí)間一 二)錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間的虛擬句： 致 , 但有 時(shí)也可能指不同的時(shí)間 , 這時(shí)主句和從句的動(dòng)作不是發(fā)生在同一時(shí) 間，其動(dòng)詞形式要根據(jù)時(shí)間而定。1主句指過去 ) 。從句指過去 , 主 t be going so s. If I were you, I would have taken his advice. （從句指現(xiàn)在2 If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. （ . 句指現(xiàn)在 ） 。3. If we hadn t been working har

3、d in the past few years, things wouldn （從句指過去，主句指現(xiàn) 在） 。4. If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better. （從句指過去，主句指現(xiàn)在）。5. I f we had not got everything ready by now, we should be having a more terrible time tomorrow. （從句指現(xiàn)在，主句指將來）(三)省略：If 從句中含有were, should, had時(shí)，可省略

4、 if并把 were,should, had提前。例如： Were I you, I wouldnt quarrel with him.備注：注： would, should, could與 might的選擇：一般常用would ，如同在真實(shí)條件句中主句常要用 will 一樣。常譯作“將、就會(huì) ”。如：If I knew him, I would ask him如果我認(rèn)識(shí)他的話，我就會(huì)向他求助。for help. should 在虛擬條件句中用得最少，現(xiàn)在幾乎不用?？赡苁且?yàn)樵陉愂稣Z(yǔ)氣中第一人稱后面可以用 shall ，所以在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，理論上講，第一人稱后也可用 should 。但在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)

5、中， 特別是美語(yǔ)中， 人們常說： I ll go home 或. I will go home.但很少人說I shall gohome. 因此，在虛擬條件句中， should 也很少用。could 用于虛擬條件句中時(shí)，有 “能夠，可能 ”之意。如：If you had come back a little earlier, you could have seen it yourself.如果你回來得再稍早一點(diǎn)，你就可能親眼目睹這件事了。might 用于虛擬條件句時(shí)，常譯作 “或許 ”，表示可能性有，但不敢肯定。如：If I had been there, I might have如果我當(dāng)時(shí)在場(chǎng)

6、的話，我或許會(huì)和他吵起來。quarreled with him.( should ) do ( should 可以省略)形式的虛擬：賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)都要求虛擬)一堅(jiān)持( insist ) 一推薦( recommend) 三命令 (order, command, direct) 三建議 (suggest, advice, propose) 五要求( demand, require, request, urge, ask)口訣： I drop cars. Crid soap即“I：insist 堅(jiān)決， D ：demand/desire 要求 / 請(qǐng)求， R： request 請(qǐng)求 require

7、 要求 / 需要， O： order 命令， P： propose建議， C ： command 命令， A： ask 命令， advise 建議， P ： prefer 寧愿， S ： suggest 建 議”注意： insist: 堅(jiān)決宣稱 , 堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持說，固執(zhí)己見（不虛擬）堅(jiān)決要求，堅(jiān)持（虛 擬）suggest ：暗示（不虛擬）建議 , 提議（虛擬）1. The man insisted that he didn t steal the wallet and should be set free now.2. Her pale face suggested that she was

8、 badly ill, so I suggested that she should goto see a doctor at once.3. My suggestion is that he should go there at once.4. I t is suggested that he should go there at once.5. I made a suggestion that he should go there at once.6. This is the suggestion that/ which he made at the meeting.（定語(yǔ)從句不用虛擬）（

9、二） It is adj. for sb. that 主語(yǔ) +（should） do. （也可 不虛擬）It is a pity/ a shame/ no wonder that 主語(yǔ) +（should） do. （也可不虛擬） 例如： 1. It is necessary that he should be sent to the hospital at once.2. It is a pity that he should miss such a golden chance.三、It is （high） time that虛擬） 過去式should do（should 不能省略 ）It i

10、s time thatwe got up.should get up.四、would / could / might / should +have done（一） without, but for?主, 語(yǔ) + would / could / might / should +have done。（如果不 ? ；要不是 ? ）例： But for your help yesterday, I couldnt have done it well.（二） but: 主語(yǔ) + would / could / might / should +have done, but+句子 . （真實(shí)的）otherw

11、ise: 句子（真實(shí)的） ， otherwise 主語(yǔ) + would / could / might / should +have done.例： I would have taken part in the sports meeting, but I was ill.I was ill; otherwise I would have taken part in the sports meeting.五、wish, as if/ though, if only的從句： 過去式 （did）（be 常用were） （ 表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)情況相反）過去完成式 （had done） （ 表示與過去事實(shí)情

12、況相反）would / could / might + do （表示與將來事實(shí)情況相反） 例如： If only he had visited us yesterday.六、would rather do than do+句子（虛擬）過去式 （did）（be 常用 were） 表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)砬闆r相反過去完成式 （had +done） 表示與過去情況相反七、Long live + 主 例： Long live the people!語(yǔ)！例： May you succeed!May you do sth.!八、had+ expected/wanted/intended/planned/hoped/wished/th