2016屆中考英語(譯林版)復習語法整合學案：第9課時-被動語態(tài)(共5頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質文檔-傾情為你奉上第9課時被 動 語 態(tài)被動語態(tài)是各地中考必考知識點之一,考查內容主要是一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)以及含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)?？疾轭}型主要是選擇題、詞匯運用和翻譯句子等。來%源:#中國教育出版網(wǎng)預計2016年對被動語態(tài)的考查重在適當語境中運用被動語態(tài);動詞填空完成句子等主要以動詞的被動語態(tài)為主。一、 被動語態(tài)的構成被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構成。助動詞be有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化,其變化規(guī)則與be作為連系動詞時完全一樣?，F(xiàn)以動詞ask,主語第一人稱為例,將各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的肯定式、否定式及疑問式列出如下:ww*w.zzst

2、e&#一般現(xiàn)在時:I am asked.I am not asked.Am I asked.一般過去時:I was asked.I was not asked.Was I asked.一般將來時:I will be asked.I wont be asked.Will you be asked.現(xiàn)在完成時:I have been asked.I havent been asked.Have you been asked.現(xiàn)在進行時:I am being asked.I am not being asked.Are you being asked.含有情態(tài)動詞:I may be

3、 asked.I may not be asked.May I be asked.案例(2015金華28)Luckily,the old lady to hospital immediately after she fell down to the ground.A. sentB. is sent C. was sentD. sends【解析】本題考查被動語態(tài)的用法。句意為:幸運的是,那個老太太摔倒在地上后立刻醫(yī)院。A一般過去時;B一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài);C一般過去時的被動語態(tài);D一般現(xiàn)在時。根據(jù)句意可知是被送到醫(yī)院,用被動語態(tài),排除A和D;結合fell down可知要用一般過去時態(tài)。 

4、;【答案】 C(2015·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·12 )Dont forget to come to our school assembly(集會) tomorrow morning.I wont. I just now. A. remindedB. was reminded C. reportedD. was reported【解析】本題考查被動語態(tài)的用法。句意為:不要忘了參加明天早上參加我們學校的集會。不會的,我剛才才被提醒。根據(jù)語境可知此處是被提醒,所以句子要用被動語態(tài)。remind提醒;report報道。中*國&教%育出版網(wǎng)【答案】 B二、 被動語態(tài)的用法A.

5、 當我們不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者或沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時。www.zzstep&.*comB. 當動作的承受者比起動作的執(zhí)行者更能引起人們的關心而需要加以強調時。如:This jacket is made of cotton. 這件夾克衫是棉制的。This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop.我們商店里不賣這種自行車。三、 短語動詞的被動語態(tài)短語動詞改為被動語態(tài)時,相當于及物動詞,此時不能分開使用。如:1. We put on an English play in the school hall.   An English p

6、lay was put on in the school hall. 2. They take good care of the children in this school.  The children are taken good care of in this school. 不能用于被動語態(tài)的短語動詞常見的有:belong to屬于;agree with意見一致;take place發(fā)生;take part in參加;break down發(fā)生故障;break out戰(zhàn)爭/疾病爆發(fā)等。如:He belongs to this school. 他是

7、這個學校的學生。Great changes have taken place in my hometown. 我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了很大的變化。 The car broke down on my way to the city. 小轎車在去城里的路上出了故障。 The first War of the World broke out in 1914. 第一次世界大戰(zhàn)是在1914年爆發(fā)的。 四、 雙賓語的被動語態(tài)把帶雙賓語的主動句改為被動語態(tài)時,通常把指人的間接賓語改為被動語態(tài)的主語,保留指物的直接賓語。如:He often tells us stories. We are

8、 often told stories by him. Stories are often told us by him. 他經(jīng)常給我們講故事。如果用指物的賓語作被動語態(tài)的主語時,通常在指人的賓語前加介詞to或for。與to搭配的動詞常見的有:give,show,bring,lend,send等;與for搭配的動詞常見的有:buy,make,draw等。如:中%國教*育出版網(wǎng)He gave me a book. 他給我一本書。A book was given to me by him.(強調book) I was given a book by him.(強調me)She showe

9、d me her photo. 她把她的照片給我看一看。 Her photo was showed to me.  Mother made me a big cake. 媽媽給我做了一塊大蛋糕。 A big cake was made for me by my mother.  五、 帶賓語補足語的被動語態(tài)來源:z#zstep*.co&m%含賓語補足語的句子,賓語改為被動語態(tài)的主語后,賓語補足語作為主語補足語,原來的位置不變。如:People keep food and vegetables cold in the fridge. 人們用冰箱使食物和蔬菜保鮮。 Fo

10、od and vegetables are kept cold in the fridge. 使用被動語態(tài)注意點:(1)動詞不定式作賓語補足語時,有的帶to,有的不帶to。改為被動語態(tài)時,不帶to的不定式必須加上to。常見的及物動詞有:see,watch,make,hear等。如:I saw him walk in the street. 我看見他在街道上散步的。 He was seen to walk in the street by me. (2)動詞等后面跟復合賓語時,改為被動句時,有兩種形式。如:I know him to be honest. 我知道他是誠實的。中國*教育%

11、出&版網(wǎng)# He is known to be honest. It is known that he is honest. We thought him to be a cleaver boy. 我們認為他是一個聰明的孩子。 He was thought to be a clever boy. It was thought that he was a clever boy. (3)動詞want,like,help等后面跟復合賓語時,主動句不能改為被動句。如:I want you to go with me. 我想要你和我一起去。來&%源:中教網(wǎng)He often helps m

12、e to do my lessons. 他經(jīng)常幫我做功課。六、 主動形式被動意義英語中,有些動詞,形式上是主動結構,意義上卻相當于被動結構。如:This kind of clothes washes very well. 這種衣服很好洗。This pen writes quite smoothly. 這鋼筆寫起來很流利。I paid all that was owing. 所欠的錢我都還了。在動詞need,require,want等后面跟動名詞作賓語時,表示被動意義。如:Your coat needs washing.(=to be washed) 你的外衣需洗一洗。Those rooms r

13、equire cleaning.(=to be required) 那些房間需要打掃。案例(2015·湖北遂寧·1分)Food Safety is very important.So some rules to stop people from polluting food. A. must makeB. must be made C. must madeD. be made【解析】本題考查情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。當動作的承受者作主語時,要用被動語態(tài),不定式必須加to。因為句子的主語是動詞make的賓語,應該用被動語態(tài)。又因為情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的構成是“情態(tài)動詞+be

14、+過去分詞”。【答案】 B(2015·浙江嘉興、舟山·24·1分)Tell me one-thing youre proud of in your junior high school,Tony.I as captain of the school football team. A. chooseB. chose C. am chosenD. was chosen【解析】考查動詞語態(tài)。choose一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的主動結構;chose一般過去時態(tài)的主動結構;am chosen一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的被動結構;was chosen一般過去時態(tài)的被動結構。根據(jù)choose

15、理解答語意思:我被推選當學校足球隊隊長。由此可知,該句主語是謂語動詞的承受者,應使用被動語態(tài),排除A、B;同時根據(jù)上句得知,這里指過去在初中引以為傲的事情,因此應使用一般過去時態(tài)表達。【答案】 D來源&:中*國教育出版網(wǎng)#例1被動語態(tài)和主動語態(tài)的選擇。(2015· 福建漳州·41)Climate change mainly by too much CO2 in the air. So I think the key is to produce electricity without creating CO2.來源:z#z&A. is

16、 causedB. caused C. causes【解析】考查一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。由介詞by判斷,該句應該用被動語態(tài)。句意:氣候變化是由空氣中太多的二氧化碳引起的。中國&教育#*出版網(wǎng)【答案】 A(2015·遼寧丹東·37)Did you go to Lindas birthday party,Jill?No. I . A. didnt inviteB. wasnt invited C. am not invitedD. havent invited【解析】本題考查被動語態(tài)的用法。疑問句是詢問Jill是否參加琳達的生日聚會,應答句的主語是動作的承受者,

17、應該用被動語態(tài)。又因聚會已結束,未被邀請也是發(fā)生在過去。【答案】 B例2動詞被動語態(tài)的運用。(2015·陜西·1分)Every day much water in our school. We should save it. A. is wastedB. wastes C. was wastedD. wasted【解析】本題考查一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)被動語態(tài)的用法。句子的主語是動作的承受者,“浪費大量的水”應該用被動語態(tài)。從該句中的時間狀語Every day判斷,該句應該用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。【答案】 A一、 單項選擇1. Have you finished your proje

18、ct?中國教育#出版網(wǎng)&*Not yet. Ill finish it if I ten more minutes. www#*.zzsteA. giveB. am given 來源:zzstep.%#co&m C. will giveD. will be given來源:*中%教網(wǎng)#2. The lovely postcards to Ann last week. A. sendB. sent C. were sentD. have sent3. Susan,why are you still here?They are all ready to star

19、t.Im sorry,but I when to start. A. wasnt toldB. dont tell C. didnt tellD. havent told4. Itll be great honour if I to the charity evening party next week.  A. inviteB. am invited C. will inviteD. will be invited. 5. The pet dog is warm and loving. It as a daughter of my family. A. trea

20、tsB. treated C. is treatedD. was treated6. Look at our new school. It last year. A. builtB. was built C. is builtD. will be built來*源:zzste%7. Although Flight MH370 has been missing for months,I do believe it some day in the future. A. will findB. wont find C. will be foundD. wont be f

21、ound8. Three bridges over the river five years ago. A. builtB. buildC. were builtD. are built9. Its reported that some capsules(膠囊) are really bad our health. Sounds terrible. Hopefully the problem as soon as possible. A. to;is solvedB. for;has solved C. to;was solvedD. for;will be so

22、lved10. Lots of trees and flowers on both sides of the road last year. Oh, beautiful they are! A. have been planted;what B. were planted;what C. were planted;howD. have been planted;what11. Can you play the piece of music for us,Cathy?來源:zzs&tep.c%o#mOf course. It many times. A. teache

23、sB. is taught C. has been taughtD. taught12. This kind of food cool,clean,and dry according to the instructions. A. should be carriedB. must be put C. should be placedD. must be kept13. Last weekend an English short play was in the school hall. A. put inB. put down C. put onD. put up 14. O

24、ur sports meeting has been till next Monday because of the bad weather.  A. put onB. put up C. put offD. put down 15. Its said that petrol(石油) in less than 100 years. So we should try to walk more instead of driving cars. A. used forB. will be used up C. used upD. will be used for16. What

25、happened to Mr Wang?來源:中教網(wǎng)*&#He because of his drink-driving. A. is caughtB. was caught C. has caughtD. had caught17. The Olympic Games in London in 2012. I hear it in different countries every four years. 來源:中%&#教網(wǎng)A. is given;is givenB. was held;is held C. will be held;is held D.

26、will be given;is given18. How often do I need to feed the golden fish?They food every day,or they will be hungry. A. should giveB. shouldnt give C. should be givenD. shouldnt be given19. At last the baby was made and began to laugh. A. stop cryingB. to stop to cry C. to stop cryingD. stop to cry20. In many places in China,the old over 90 not only by their family but also by the government. www.z#z%&A. is taking good careB. are taken good care of來#%源: