20100519-閱讀理解專題主旨大意題

1、閱讀理解專題 主旨大意題考查內(nèi)容主旨大意題旨在考查學(xué)生對(duì)全文或某一段落整體把握的能力，即對(duì)整個(gè)語篇、段落的抽象概括能力。主旨大意題通常包括全文大意題、段落大意題和標(biāo)題選擇題三種形式。既可以是文章或某一段的中心， 也可以是文章或某一段的寫作目的。闖關(guān)秘訣1. 主旨句的幾種形式：段首；段中；段末；以首尾呼應(yīng)的形式出現(xiàn)在段首和段末；沒有明確的主旨，需歸納。不同體裁的文章，其表達(dá)中心思想的方式也不盡相同。新聞報(bào)道往往用第一句來概括全篇內(nèi)容，然后再詳細(xì)敘述，因此，新聞報(bào)道的首句即是其中心內(nèi)容；敘事性的文章往往沒有主題句，需弄清文章的線索脈絡(luò)，讀懂故事的結(jié)局，才能體會(huì)作者的用意，進(jìn)而概括出文章所表達(dá)的中心

2、思想。2. 主旨題的解題技巧：（1）有些文章在段首（演繹法）、段尾（歸納法）便已展示出文章的主旨。（2）也有些文章其中心思想貫穿于全文，需自己去總結(jié)、歸納。因此，為了節(jié)約答題時(shí)間，建議最后做此類題目。因?yàn)樽鐾炅似渌}目后，自然而然地對(duì)主旨也就有了一定的了解。（3）留心關(guān)鍵詞語，抓住文章要旨，所謂關(guān)鍵詞語，即文章中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的、與主題有關(guān)的諸如名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞等。冠詞和介詞等功能詞均不在關(guān)鍵詞之列。需要注意的是，為了避免同一詞語的過多重復(fù)，文章有時(shí)會(huì)使用這個(gè)詞的同義詞、近義詞或代詞指代。溫馨提示1. 段落中出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折時(shí)，該句很有可能是主題句。2. 作者有意識(shí)反復(fù)重復(fù)的觀點(diǎn)，通常是主題句。3. 首段

3、出現(xiàn)疑問句時(shí)，對(duì)該問題的解答就是文章的主旨。4. 提出文章主旨時(shí)常伴有的文字提示: therefore, thus, but, however, in short等。答題步驟1. 先看問題，看是否有和主旨相關(guān)的題目，了解題型類別和提問方式。2. 然后看文章首尾和各段開頭，找出主題句或通過瀏覽全文，抓住關(guān)鍵詞，把握主旨。3. 以掌握主旨為前提，處理推斷作者的語氣或意圖等其他深層次問題。4. 串聯(lián)主題細(xì)節(jié)，推斷文章中心思想。記敘文的中心思想多隱藏在具體的細(xì)節(jié)中，作者通過眾多的細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)對(duì)一個(gè)中心點(diǎn)進(jìn)行論述。因此，我們必須串聯(lián)主要細(xì)節(jié)，從中歸納文章的中心思想。AIt is reported that

4、many middle school students are just not getting enough sleep, especially during the school week. The problem seems to get worse as they get older. Year 7 students sleep 8.4 hours in a school night, and Year 9 students only 6.9 hours.Its also reported that not getting enough sleep can cause problems

5、 in a students life.Many students fall asleep in school or while doing their homework, so it is not surprising that they get lower grades than those who get enough sleep. Scientists suggest nine hours a night for middle school students.Of the students who feel unhappy and nervous, 73%dont get enough

6、 sleep at night.Why arent students getting enough sleep? Many students have one of the following things, like telephone, television, or computer, in their bedrooms. Using them on a school night not only takes their time away from homework, but also makes it difficult for them to fall asleep. As a re

7、sult, many students cant fall asleep before 11 p.m., yet they must get up early to go to school.Scientists also suggest students should not do exciting activities for an hour before bedtime.題目: What might be the best title for the passage?A. Early to Bed, Early to RiseB. Students Life at SchoolB. St

8、udents Dont Sleep EnoughD. How to Get Enough Sleep題型特點(diǎn): BIt was just three degrees above zero. “Thats cold,” thought Jane as she got ready to deliver (送) her morning papers. Jane had 50 customers, and on cold mornings when she couldnt ride her bicycle, it took her more than an hour to make her round

9、s, As she collected her papers and put them into a big canvas bag, Jane regretted that she hadnt finished her math homework the night before. There was still time. Shed hurry with the papers and finish the math before breakfast.Less than an hour later Jane was nearly finished. She had only five cust

10、omers to go. She could then head for home to complete her math while her mom fixed breakfast. As she rounded the corner, she saw a car in the middle of the street. It was Mr. Zimmerman, the elderly man who walked with a walking stick. His car was out of gas (汽油).“Id like to help Mr. Zimmerman,” thou

11、ght Jane, “but if I do, I wont have time to do my homework.” She hated to think what Mr. Robert would say if she hadnt completed her papers.“Its his own fault for running out of gas,” Jane talked to herself. “The station is only a half mile down the street. Surely Mr. Zimmerman can walk that far, ev

12、en on a cold morning like thiscant he?” As she walked down the street, Jane wondered what to do.題目: The best title for this reading should be . A. Fifty CustomersB. Theres No Easy AnswerC. No Time to Finish Homework D. A Cold Morning for Jane題型特點(diǎn): CIt is a very common thing for a person to have a go

13、od friend. My good friend is Diana. She is a rich and proud girl. She often thinks that she is too good for anyone, so nobody wants to be her friend.One day after school, I was waiting for Diana when Vivien came up to me. She gave me a biscuit. I accepted it. We talked and joked, and from then on, I

14、 began to spend more time with Vivien than with Diana. I felt a little uneasy.After a few days, I went to see Diana for some snacks when Vivien came and sat with me. She offered me a sandwich. She also offered one to Diana, but Diana refused it. She walked away. I was angry with Diana for being so r

15、ude and thoughtless.“Never mind,” Vivien said. “Im used to it.”After school, I tried to catch up with Diana. While walking home, I tried to correct her attitude, but she would not listen to me. She said, “Go and join your dear Vivien. I know you make new friends and forget the old one.”For the next

16、few weeks, we did not talk to each other. Then, one day, Diana came to Vivien and me, saying, “Im really sorry about what I did. Im a spoiled (寵壞的) girl, but I also need good friends just like you. Would you please forgive (原諒) me?” Vivien and I looked at each other and smiled. From then on, Diana,

17、Vivien and I have been best friends.題目: The reading is mainly about .A. the mistake among the three friends.B. two best friends at a schoolC. three friends at a school D. the trouble between Diana and Vivien題型特點(diǎn): DOne day an American called Simon went to London to visit his friend, Rick. Rick told h

18、im that his flat was on the first floor. When he arrived, Simon went straight to the first floor of the building. But he was told that there was no Rick on that floor. Do you know why?In fact, the British call the first floor of a building the ground floor. The floor above the ground floor is the fi

19、rst floor, which Americas would call the second floor.The story shows that there are a few culture differences between Britain and America, though the British and Americans both speak English.The British usually hide their feelings. They seldom start a conversation with strangers. For example, on th

20、e train the British often spend their time reading newspapers or books. But Americans are quite different. Theyre more active and easier to talk with.The British and Americans may use different terms for many things. The British usually use football, eraser and mail while Americans prefer to use soc

21、cer rubber and post. 題目: Whats the best title for the passage?A. Differences in cultureB. Simons funny storyC. Information abroad D. Hiding the feelings題型特點(diǎn): 小試牛刀AShe is a cute, quiet girl. As a daughter, she has no secrets from her mother, who is very pleased with her. But these days she has become

22、 not so open as before. She has a diary (日記薄) that she keeps under lock and key. Her mother cannot help worrying about her. “What will I do if she falls in love, which is too early of her age? After all she is reaching the dangerous time.” These thoughts have caused trouble in the mothers mind.One w

23、eekend the girl came to tell her mother that she was going to the cinema with her schoolmate and would return late. This was the first time her mother agreed, and she couldnt help worrying because her daughter had never been away at night before. The mother waited till nine. She decided to go out to

24、 meet her daughter, Just at that time, she heard the noise of a car parking. She went to the window and saw her daughter waving goodbye to a boy. Her heart missed a beat. When the girl came in, the mother was watching TV, just like nothing had happened. “Mum, Im back.” “Yeah.” “Sorry to be late. Sti

25、ll sitting up?” “Yes. Oh, thatWhos that boy?” The daughter got a surprise. “AhIts my monitor. He gave me a lift on his way home. Mum, Im going to bed.” “All right. Go to sleep early.”Next morning when the mother went to the daughters room to do some cleaning, she found her diary left on the bed. Aft

26、er a few minutes thinking, she at last opened it to the page of the night before. It reads: Mum, its love that made you ask, but it would show your understanding of me if you hadnt.題目: The best title for this story can be .A. To Ask or Not to Ask B. Early LoveC. Daughters SecretD. Dangerous AgeBFarm

27、er John and Farmer Bob were neighbors. For more than 30 years, they had been getting along very well.Then their good relationship broke. It began with a small thing, then bitter words, and then weeks of silence. One morning Farmer John woke up to find a stream between the two farms. “It must be Bob,

28、” John thought.Then one day there was a knock on Johns door. He opened it to find a carpenter (木匠) standing at the doorway.“Im looking for a few days work,” the carpenter said.“I do have a job for you,” John said. “Look across the stream at that farm. Thats my neighbor Bob. He dug a stream between t

29、he two farms. I want you to build a fencean 8-foot fence. I dont want to see his place or his face any more. I dont have such a neighbor!”The carpenter said, “I think I know what to do, sir, and Ill be able to do a job that pleases you.”Farmer John helped the carpenter get the materials (材料) ready a

30、nd then he was off for the day.About sunset when the farmer returned, the carpenter had just finished his job. The farmers eyes opened wide. There was no fence at all!It was a bridge! And the neighbor, Bob, was coming across, with his hand outstretched (伸出). “Hi！ John! Youre quite a fellow to build

31、this bridge!Then they met in the middle, taking each others hands. “Im terribly sorry for what I have said and hone. We should be good to each other,” said Farmer Bob.Then they turned to see the carpenter, who was ready to go. “No, wait! Stay a few days. I have a lot of other jobs for you,” said Far

32、mer John. “Id love to stay,” the carpenter said, “but I have more bridges to build.”題目: What is the best title for the passage?A. What a Big Fence!B. A Strong BridgeC. Three Kind Men D. A Fence or a Bridge?COne day, a farmer was walking along a road with his son Thomas. The father said, “Look! There

33、s a horseshoe. Pick it up and put it in your bag. Thomas said, “it isnt worth the trouble.” His father said nothing but he picked it up himself. When they got to a nearby town, they had a rest. There the farmer sold the horseshoe and with the few pennies he bought some cherries(櫻桃).The father and the son continued thei