14介詞連詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)綜合復(fù)習(xí)(含配套練習(xí)及答案)

1、中考介詞連詞復(fù)習(xí)一、介詞1. 介詞的功能介詞是一種虛詞，用來(lái)表示名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞語(yǔ)句中其它詞的關(guān)系，不能單獨(dú)使用。介詞可與名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)。介詞短語(yǔ)可在句中作定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：The boy over there is Johns brother. (定語(yǔ))The girl will be back in two hours. (狀語(yǔ))Our English teacher is from Australia. (表語(yǔ))Help yourself to some fish. (賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))2. 常用介詞的用法辨析（1）表時(shí)間的介詞1）at, in

2、on表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)用at。例如：at six oclock, at noon, at midnight。表示在某個(gè)世紀(jì)，某年，某月，某個(gè)季節(jié)以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上時(shí)，用in。例如：in the nineteenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。表示具體的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上時(shí)，用on。例如：on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning等。2） since, after由since和after 引導(dǎo)的詞組都可表示從過(guò)去某一點(diǎn)開(kāi)始的時(shí)段

3、，但since詞組表示的時(shí)段一直延續(xù)到說(shuō)話的時(shí)刻，因而往往要與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。而after詞組所表示的時(shí)段純系過(guò)去，因而要與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用。例如(用since，after填空)：I havent heard from him since last summer. After five days the boy came back.3） in, afterin與將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí)，表示“過(guò)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)。After與將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí)，后面只能跟表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)。After與過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí)，后面才能跟表示一段時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)。例如：He will be back in two

4、months.He will arrive after four oclock.He returned after a month.（2）表示地點(diǎn)的介詞1）at, in, onat一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某個(gè)范圍之內(nèi)；on往往表示“在某個(gè)物體的表面”。例如：He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.They arrived at a small village before dark.There is a big hole in the wall.The teacher put up a picture on the wall.2） over, above, o

5、nover, on和above都可表示“在上面”，但具體含義不同。Over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反義詞是under。 above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反義詞是below。On指兩個(gè)物體表面接觸，一個(gè)在另一的上面。例如：There is a bridge over the river.We are flying above the clouds. They put some flowers on the teachers desk.3） across, throughacross和through均可表示“從這一邊到另一邊”，但用法不同。Across的含義與on有關(guān)

6、，表示動(dòng)作在某一物體的表面進(jìn)行。Through的含義與in有關(guān)，表示動(dòng)作是在三維空間進(jìn)行。例如：The dog ran across the grass. The boy swam across the river. They walked through the forest. I pushed through the crowds.4) in front of, in the front of in front of 表示“在.的前面”，在某個(gè)范圍以外；in the front of 表示“在的前部”，在某個(gè)范圍以內(nèi)。例如：There are some tall trees in fron

7、t of the building.The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.3. 介詞的固定搭配 介詞往往同其他詞類形成了固定搭配關(guān)系。記住這種固定搭配關(guān)系，才能正確使用介詞。（1）介詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配listen to , laugh at, get to, look at,look for, look after, wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, spendon, 等。（2）介詞與名詞的搭配on time, in time, by bu

8、s, on foot, with pleasure, on ones way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。（3）介詞與形容詞的搭配be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等?！驹囶}演練】用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空： 1. -How are you going to the train station to meet your aunt? -Im going there

9、_ my car. 2. Mum, today is Mothers Day. Mike and I want to invite you to have dinner _ us at Zhonglou Restaurant. 3. Hangzhou is famous _ the West Lake. 4. Today some newly-produced mobile phones can take pictures _ a camera. 5. Could you tell me if there is a flight to the capital _ March, 25th? 6.

10、 We all agree _ you. Lets start at once. 7. There is a big shop _ the other side of the road. 8. -Which necklace have you lost? -The one you gave me _ my birthday. 9. You should take more exercise. Its good _ your health. 10. It is clear that fish cannot live _ water. 1.in 2.with 3.for 4.like 5.on 6

11、.with 7.on 8.for 9.for 10.without二、連詞1. 連詞的功能用來(lái)連接詞，短語(yǔ)，從句或句子的詞叫連詞。連詞是一種虛詞，在句中不能單獨(dú)使用。連詞可分為兩類：并列連詞和從屬連詞。2. 并列連詞并列連詞用來(lái)連接具有并列關(guān)系的詞，短語(yǔ)或句子。常見(jiàn)的并列連詞有：(1)表并列關(guān)系的and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor等。(2)表選擇關(guān)系的or, eitheror等。(3)表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but, while等。(4)表因果關(guān)系的for, so等。3. 從屬連詞從屬連詞用來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句。常見(jiàn)的從屬連詞有：(1)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的after,

12、 before, when, while, as, until, till, since, as soon as等。(2)引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的if, unless等。(3)引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的because, as, since等。(4)引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的so that, in order that等。(5)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的though, although, even if等。(6)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的so that, sothat, suchthat等。(7)引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句的than, asas等。(8)引導(dǎo)名詞從句的that, if , whether等。4. 常用連詞的用法辨析（1） wh

13、ile, when, as這三個(gè)連詞都可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，但用法有所不同。1) 當(dāng)某事正在進(jìn)行的時(shí)候，又發(fā)生了另一件事。While, when, as 都可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)表示“背景”的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：As/When/While I was walking down the street I noticed a police car.2) 當(dāng)兩個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行的時(shí)候，最常用的是while。例如：While mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my homework.3) 當(dāng)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都表示發(fā)展變化的情況時(shí)，最常用的是as。例如：As children get

14、older, they become more and more interested in things around them.4) 當(dāng)兩個(gè)短動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，或表示“一邊一邊”時(shí)，最常用as。例如：Just as he caught the fly, he gave a loud cry.She looked behind from time to time as she went5) 當(dāng)從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí)，通常用when。例如：When he finished his work, he took a short rest.6) 當(dāng)從句是瞬間動(dòng)作，主句是延續(xù)性動(dòng)作時(shí)，通常用when

15、。例如：When John arrived I was cooking lunch.（2）as, because, since , for這四個(gè)詞都可表原因，但用法有區(qū)別。1) 如果原因構(gòu)成句子的最主要部分，一般用because。因此，because引導(dǎo)的從句往往放在句末。例如：I stayed at home because it rained.-Why arent you going?-Because I dont want to.2) 如果原因已被人們所知，或不如句子的其它部分重要，就用as或since。Since比as稍微正式一點(diǎn)。As和since 引導(dǎo)的從句一般放在句子的開(kāi)頭。例如：

16、As he wasnt ready, we left without him.Since I have no money, I cant buy any food.3) for用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明一種理由，因此，for引導(dǎo)的從句幾乎可以放在括號(hào)里。For引導(dǎo)的句子不放在句子的開(kāi)頭。例如：I decided to stop and have lunch-for I was feeling quite hungry.（3）if, whetherif和whether都可作“是否”講，在引導(dǎo)賓與從句是一般可互換。例如：I wonder whether (if) you still study in that

17、school. I dont know whether (if) he likes that film.在下列情況下，只能用whether,不能用if：1) 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。例如：Whether he will come to the party is unknown. 2) 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。例如：The question is whether I can pass the exam.3) 在不定式前。例如：I havent made up my mind whether to go there or not.（4）sothat, such.that1) sothat中的so是個(gè)副詞，其后只能

18、跟形容詞或副詞，而such.that中的such是個(gè)形容詞，后接名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)。例如：Im so tired that I cant walk any farther. It was such a warm day that he went swimming.2) 如果在名詞之前有many, much, little, few時(shí)，用so,不用such。例如：He has so little education that he is unable to get a job.I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.（5）

19、although, but 這兩個(gè)連詞不能用在同一個(gè)句子中。例如：我們不能說(shuō)“Although he is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.”這個(gè)句子應(yīng)改為：Although he is over sixty, he works as hard as others.或He is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.（6）because, so 這兩個(gè)連詞同樣不能用在同一個(gè)句子中。例如：我們不能說(shuō)“Because John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.” 這個(gè)句子應(yīng)改為Because John was ill, I took him to the doctor.或John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.【試題演練】 用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空： 1. _ they are brothers, they dont look like each other at all. 2. The dress was very expensive, _ I didnt buy it. 3. -Do you know _