2017年高二英語暑期作業(yè)復習方法策略15講第9講3種思路及2種方法搞清亦真亦假的虛擬語氣

1、 第 9 講 3 種思路及 2 種方法搞清亦真亦假的虛擬語氣 【備考指導丨虛擬語氣是歷年高考中考查的較多的一個考點， 通常是以單項填空、語法填空、 短文改錯和書面表達的形式進行考查。 解決虛擬語氣類題目通常使用的方法有： 看是否是考 查固定句型中的虛擬語氣用法， 是否可以運用句子中的某些特定的詞來判斷， 是否可以通過 上下語境和時態(tài)呼應來找突破口。 一、背誦歌訣記憶相關知識 虛擬語氣意虛幻，愿望事實總相反。所列條件是假設，亦表建議和委婉。假設條件在現(xiàn)在， 具體實施沒實現(xiàn)。從句使用過去時，主句動前 would 添。過去事實已存在，后來假設沒實現(xiàn)。 would 加上完成時，過去完成湊條件。表示將來

2、可能性，小而又小很可憐。 would 后面動詞 立，從句 should 加動原。wish后接賓從句，主語構思難實現(xiàn)。從句虛擬分三種，現(xiàn)在將來 謂語換。as if （though） 引從句，情同 wish賓從連。一個堅持倆命令，三個建議四請愿。 所有從句都在數(shù)，虛擬 should 放動前。虛擬語氣經(jīng)常用，莫與直陳混一談。 二、虛擬語氣的 3 種命題類型與解題思路 要成為解題高手，就要知道試題是怎樣命制的， 也就是說，要了解命題人在考查某一項知識 時采用什么樣的方式來設計題目， 有哪些題型，以便有針對性地找出解題思路， 快速破解題 目。研究近幾年高考中出現(xiàn)的虛擬語氣試題，我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)如下命題規(guī)律 （

3、三大類型題）： 1. 直接型 直接考查虛擬語氣的相關知識，題目設置較為簡單。比如對“虛擬語氣在 if 條件句中的用 法”的考查：（1）主句信息已知，讓考生判斷從句的動詞形式；（2）從句信息已知，讓考生判 斷主句的動詞形式。 【解題思路】分別根據(jù)主、從句動詞的形式，來確定所對應的動詞形式。 【典例展示】 Although they just met for the first time, they talked as if they _ （be） friends for many years. 答案 had bee n 解析句意：盡管他們是第一次見面，但是他們談起話來就好像他們已經(jīng)是多年的好朋友

4、一 樣。as if 后面的從句如果表示的是虛假的事情， 要使用虛擬語氣；本句表示對過去的虛擬， 故填 had been。 【警示】有的句子中條件從句的謂語動詞表示的動作和主句謂語動詞表示的動作發(fā)生的時間 不一致，這類句子稱為錯綜時間條件句，這時主從句動詞的形式應根據(jù)各自所表示的時間進 2 行調整。 2 .含蓄型 有時虛擬條件不是通過 if 引導的條件句來表示的，而是用其他方式來表示的： (1) 用介詞短語 but for(意思是要不是” )，without(如果沒有)等來代替條件從句。 【解題思路】變換成條件句，便于得出答案。 【典例展示 1】 一 But for your timely wa

5、rning, we _ (get) into great trouble. Well, you know we re friends. 答案 would have got 解析 句意：一一要不是你及時提醒，我已經(jīng)陷入大麻煩了。 一一嗯！你知道我們是好朋友 的。本題是一個含蓄條件的虛擬語氣，它表示的條件不是通過 if 條件句表示出來，而是通 過介詞短語 but for 要不是，如果沒有；根據(jù)句意可知這件事情發(fā)生在過去，故主句使 用 would have done 表示對過去情況的虛擬。 【典例展示 2】I was ill that day, otherwise I _ (take) part i

6、n the sports meet. 答案 would have take n 解析 對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生事情的虛擬，主句用 would have done 形式。句意：那天我生病了， 不然我會參加運動會的。 (2) 用 otherwise 表示與上文的情況相反，從而引出虛擬語氣 【解題思路】可以利用“倒推法”，根據(jù)后文已知信息推知前文未知信息。 【典例展示】 He _ his work , otherwise he would not be enjoying himself by the seaside. A. should have completed B . has completed C.

7、would have completed D . can t have co mpleted 答案 B 解析 otherwise 相當于一個虛擬條件，是對真實情況相反的假設，由此我們可以推出： otherwise 前應是真實情況，故空白處應該是陳述語氣，故答案為 B。 (3) 虛擬條件通過 but 暗示出來。命題模式為：“虛擬情況+ but +真實情況”。 【解題思路】針對“虛擬情況+ but +真實情況”這種命題模式， 我們可以雙向推理： 可以利 用真實推出虛擬，也可以利用虛擬推出真實。 【典例展示】 Bob would have helped us yesterday , but he _

8、. A. was busy B . is busy 3 C. had been busy D . will be busy 答案 A 解析 句意為：鮑勃昨天本來想幫助我們的， 但是他太忙了。 “他太忙了”是一個過去的事 實，故用一般過去時。 3 .混合型 同時對虛擬語氣和陳述語氣進行考查。 “混合型”常常利用“一詞多義”來設計題目。 【解題思路】分析單詞在句中到底表示什么語氣。 【典例展示】The graduate in sisted that he _ (send) to the West to teach the childre n there and that what he chose

9、 _ (be) right even though his pare nts didn t want him to go. 答案 (should) be sent; was 解析句意：這位畢業(yè)生堅持要求被派到西部教那里的孩子， 即使他的父母親不想他那樣做， 他也堅持認為他的選擇是正確的。當 in sist 表示“堅持要求做某事”的時候，后面的賓語 從句要使用“ should +動詞原形”， should 可以省略；當 insist 表示“堅持認為”，后面 的賓語從句要使用陳述語氣。 分析研究典型試題，考生得到的將是解決一類題的方法。 三、常用的 2 個解題方法 方法 1 句型提示法 虛擬語氣可

10、以用在狀語從句、名詞性從句、定語從句中， 在不同的從句中，虛擬語氣用不同 的動詞形式來體現(xiàn)，如 if 非真實條件句(分三種情形)，wish后的賓語從句，It is time that.的定語從句等。所以，掌握了各類從句中虛擬語氣的動詞形式，就基本上掌握了虛 擬語氣的用法。 【典例展示丨 一 Do you know his address? No, I also wish I _ (know) where he lives. 答案 knew 解析 wish引導的賓語從句中的謂語要用虛擬語氣，與現(xiàn)在事實相反用一般過去時態(tài)。句 意：你知道他的地址么？不知道，我也希望自己知道他住哪里。 方法 2 特定

11、詞匯暗示法 英語中某些短語如 If it were not for/had not been for , but for. , if only. , without 等，往往要采用虛擬語氣，它們對于解答試題有很大的幫助， 掌握了這些要點知識，做起題 來也就很容易了。 4 【典例展示】 Without electricity, human life _ (be) quite differe nt today. 答案 would be 解析 句意：如果沒有電，今天人類的生活將相當?shù)牟煌?。此句可換為： If there were no electricity, human life would be

12、 quite differe nt today. 本句表達與現(xiàn)在事實相反的 虛擬語氣。 跟蹤訓練 【考點突破】 I. 根據(jù)句子表達的情景，用括號內動詞的適當形式填空 1. _ Maybe if I (study) scienee , and not literature _ then , I would be able to give you more help. 2. Where are the children? The dinner s going to be completely ruined. I wish they _ (be not) always late. 3. _ I (c

13、ome) sooner but I didn t know _ that they were waiting for me. 4. We _ (arrive) there on time yesterday but for the traffic jam. 5 . I _ (not go) through that bitter period without your gen erous help. 6. _ If I (have) time next week , I would go to the party. 7. If I_ (be) you , I should go and see

14、 the dentist at once. 8 . If you had arrived at the station ten minutes earlier , you _ (catch) the trai n. 9. If he were you, he _ (miss) the concert last night. 10. It is requested that Class Two _ (give) a performanee at the English evening. n.單句改錯 1. How I wish there are 28 hours a day so that I

15、 had more time for fun. _ 2. Had he worked hard years ago, he would become very rich today. _ 3. If I were a boy again, I will remember that a good skater never tries to skate 5 in two direct ions at once. _ 4. But the fact that China are also affected by the global economic crisis, we would have fe

16、wer workers now. _ 5. It might have been done better if you have been more careful. _ 6. I actually believe that we would be in Xi an now if you hadn t caught drunk driv ing last month. _ 7. It is high time that we establish an honest and fair system of education. _ 8. Mr. Li, my English teacher, sp

17、eaks English as if he is an Englishman. _ 9. Tibet is so mysteriously described by some people that I think if only I can go there. _ 10. I d rather he goes to the theatre tomorrow. _ 【能力提升丨 I閱讀理解 A good modern newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading.lt is remarkable first for what it contain

18、s: the range of news from local crime to international politics , from sport to bus in ess to fashi on to scie nee , and the range of comme nt and special features（ 特寫）as well , from editorial page to feature articles and in terviews to criticism of books , art , theatre and music. A n ewspaper is e

19、ve n more remarkable for the way one reads it: n ever completely , never straight through , but always by jumping from here to there , in and out glancing at one piece , reading another article all the way through , reading just a few paragraphs of the text.A good moder n n ewspaper offers a variety

20、 to attract many different readers , but far from one reader is interested in what brings this variety together in.One place is its topicality（ 時事性）,its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now.But immediacy and the speed of product ion that goes with it mean also

21、that much of what appears in a n ewspaper has no more than transient（ 短暫的）value.For all these reasons , no two people really 6 read the same paper: what each pers on does is to put together out of the pages of that day s paper, his own select ion and seque nee, his own n ewspaper.For all these reaso

22、ns , reading newspapers efficiently , which meansgetting what you want from them without miss ing thi ngs you n eed but without wasti ng time , dema nds skill and self-aware ness as you modify and apply the tech niq ues of read ing. 1. A modern newspaper is remarkable for all the following EXCEPT it

23、s _ A. wide coverage B . uniform style C. speed in reporting news D . popularity 2. According to the passage , the reason why no two people really read the same n ewspaper is that _ A. people scan for the news they are interested in B. different people prefer different newspapers C. people are not i

24、nterested in the same kind of news D. people have different views about what a good newspaper is 3. It can be concluded from the passage that newspaper readers _ A. apply reading techniques skillfully B. jump from one newspaper to another C. appreciate the variety of a newspaper D. usually read a ne

25、wspaper selectively 4. A good newspaper offers _ “a variety ” to readers because A. it tries to serve different readers B. it has to cover things that happen in a certain locality C. readers are difficult to please D. readers like reading different newspapers n.完形填空 Once a boy really had everythi ng

26、 he wan ted , so he was_1_in terested in the rarest( 最 7 稀有的)objects.One day he_2_a mysterious mirror and took it home.When he looked into the mirror , he found that his_3_looked very sad.He tried_4_ , but it remained the same. Surprised , the boy went off to buy some sweets.He went homeand looked i

27、nto the mirror as happily as possible , _5_he still looked sad.He bought all kinds of toys , but he looked forever_6_in that mirror.So the boy put the mirror away in a_7_. _ “What a(n) 8 mirror ! I ve never seen a mirror that didn t _9_ properly !” That same after noon he went out to play , but on h

28、is _10_ to the park he saw a little girl crying loudly.So he went over to see what was happening.The little girl told him that she had_11_her pare nts. Together , they_12_in search of them.As the little girl continued crying , the boy_13_his money in buying sweets to cheer her up._14_ , after walkin

29、g for a long time , they found her parents , who looked very worried. The boy said goodbye , and walked off towards the park.However , _15_ the time , he decided to turn around and head_16_home , as he had no time to_17_.At home , he went to his room and no ticed a shining_18_in the cor ner where he

30、 had left the mirror.Seeing this , he went over to the mirror and_19_that the light was coming from his own body , because he was so happy about having helped that little girl. So he understood the mystery of that mirror , the only mirror reflecting faithfully the_20 joy of its owner. 1. A.never B .

31、 sometimes C. only D . seldom 2. A.found B . wanted C. guessed D . expected 3. A.head B . nose C. face D . mouth 4 . A.smili ng B . shout ing C. crying D . smelli ng 5 . A.and B . so 8 C. when D . but 6 . A.sad B . angry C. happy D . worried 7 . A.cor ner B . box C. room D . bag 8 . A.i nteresti ng

32、B . terrible C. wo nderful D . difficult 9 . A.move B . look C. keep D . work9 10 A.way B course C road D line 11 A.escaped B hated C excited D lost 12 A.set off B set aside Cset down D set up 13 A.took B cost C spent D held 14 A.Finally B Actually C Naturally D Generally 15 A.telling B seeing C fee

33、ling D pointing 16 A.in B for Coff D at 17 A.talk B eat C play D walk 18 A.light B mirror C colour D star C improved D realised 20 A.possible B true C strange D common 川.語法填空 When the lady Nadine Kentucky was 85 years old, she was asked what she would do if she 1. _ (have) her life to live over agai

34、n. “I 2. _ (make) more mistakes next time without 3. _ (worry) too much， she said, “Id relax. I would limber up. I would take fewer things seriously. I 4. _ (take) more rivers. I would eat more ice cream and fewer beans. I would perhaps have more actual troubles, but I d have fewer imaginary ones. ”

35、 You see, I m one of those people who live sensibly and sanely hour after hour, day after day. Oh, 5. _ I had to do it over again, I 6. _ (have) more of them. In fact, I d try to have nothing else.7. _ I had to do it over again, 19 A.touched B invented 10 I would travel happier than I have. ” “If I

36、8. _ (have) mylife to live over, I 9. _ (start) barefoot earlier in the spring and stay that way later in the fall. I would go to more dances. I 10. _ (ride) more horses and I would pick more daisies( 雛菊 ) ”11 第 9 講 3 種思路及 2 種方法搞清亦真亦假的虛擬語氣 考點突破 I. I.had studied 2.were n t 3.would have come 4would ha

37、ve arrived 5.could/would/might/should not have gone 6.had/should have/were to have 7were 8.could/should/would/might have caught 9wouldn t have missed 10.(should) give n. I.are were 2.在 become 前加 have 3.will would 4.在 But 后加 for 5.第二個 have had 6.在 caught 前力口 been 7.establish established 8. is Twere 9

38、.can could 10.goeswent 能力提升 1. 1.B 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“ It is remarkable first for what it contains ：. ” 可知一份現(xiàn)代報紙的分類廣泛；由第二段第三句“ One place is its topicality ， its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now. ”可 知報紙新聞具有快速性；由第二段第二句“ .but far from one reader is interested in what

39、 brings this variety together in. ”可知報紙新聞很受歡迎。故選 B。 2. A 推理判斷題。 根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“ .what each person does is to put together out of the pages of that day s paper， his own selection and sequence ，his own newspaper. ”可以判斷每個人看的報紙都不相同，因為人們會按照個人興趣來閱讀報紙。 3. D 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“ .which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time ， demands skill and self-awareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading. ”可知，每位讀 者都是有選擇性地讀報紙