代詞課件及隨堂練習

1、英語中代詞可以分為人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞、不定代詞。1. 人稱代詞 人稱代詞有主格和賓語之分：主格用作主語 單數(shù) 復數(shù)I like music(主語). We like music.You are so smart.(主語) You are so smart. She is a teacher. (主語) They are students.He is outgoing. (主語). It is a cat. 人稱代詞的賓格在句子作動詞的賓語，或者介詞的賓語。 I saw him at the party(動詞see的賓語). I havent seen them r

2、ecently. (動詞see的賓語) I bought a book for them.(作介詞for的賓語) 在口語中，人稱代詞的主格形式作表語時，常?？梢杂觅e格替換。 如：It cant be he/him. -Is this Mr. Green? -Yes, this is he/him. 在口語中，當人稱代詞用于than, as 之后或用于強調句中被強調時，用主格 (較正式) 和賓格 (較口語化) 均可以。如： He sings better than I/me. 他比我唱得好。 You know more than she/her. I like you as much as he

3、r.asas 其后也應看作是省略句。應為as I like her.所以應用賓格。而第一句應譯為我像她那樣喜歡你。兩句語法都是對的但含義不同。 單獨使用的人稱代詞通常用賓格，即使它充當?shù)氖侵髡Z也是如此。如： I like English. Me too=I like English too. 我喜歡英語。我也喜歡。 -Who did it? -Them.(=They did it)人稱代詞并列排序，當兩個以上的人稱代詞并列時其排列順序一般為you, he, she, I,而復數(shù)時為we, you, they:如男女并列時，應先男后女，如：He and she 如果在表示不好意思，承擔責任時，單

4、數(shù)時用，I, he, she, you, 復數(shù)時用They, you, we, 誤He and you should go to the library to return the books.正You and he should go to the library to return the books.析這主要是英語習慣上的用法。當兩個以上的人稱代詞并列時其排列順序一般為you, he, she, I,而復數(shù)時為we, you, they:如男女并列時，應先男后女，如：He and she 如果在表示不好意思，承擔責任時，單數(shù)時用，I, he, she, you, 復數(shù)時用They, yo

5、u, we, 如：Tom and I are good friends.You, he and I must go to play the game for our team this afternoon.We, you and they have been there before.I, he and you have to pay for it. it 代表時間、距離、天氣、自然現(xiàn)象，或用在句中作形式主語或賓語，如：誤New York is much colder in winter than before.正It is much colder in New York in winter

6、than before.析it常常用在英文的句子中來代表時間、距離、天氣、自然現(xiàn)象，或用在句中作形式主語或賓語，如：It is ten oclock now. (代時間)It is far from here to the airport. (代距離)It is very hot.(代天氣)It is very difficult to learn English well. (作形式主語)We found it very difficult to answer the question. (作形式賓語)人稱單復數(shù) 主格賓格第一人稱單數(shù)Ime復數(shù)weus第二人稱單數(shù)youyou復數(shù)youyou

7、第三人稱 單數(shù)hehimsheheritit復數(shù)they them2. 物主代詞物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。形容詞性物主代詞在句中只用作定語，相當于一個形容詞，不能單獨使用；名詞性物主代詞則不能用作定語，相當于一個名詞詞組，可以單獨使用，在句中用作主語、賓語、表語、和介詞of連用。如： Here is my dog. Its name is Tom.（形容詞性物主代詞its作name的定語） My sister lost her bicycle. （形容詞性物主代詞her作bicycle的定語） Is that coffee yours or hers? (名詞性物主代詞)誤T

8、oms mother is taller than my.正Toms mother is taller than mine.析形容詞性物主代詞可以作定語，也就是講它可以作形容詞，如：my book，而這句話的意思是：湯姆的媽媽比我的媽媽高。比較的對象是my mother,也就是mine。誤His brother is taller than him.正His brother is taller than he.析than是連詞，其后應視為省略句，than he is.所以要注意區(qū)分其主格與賓格的用法。人稱單復數(shù)形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞第一人稱單數(shù)mymine復數(shù)ourourselves第

9、二人稱單數(shù)youryourself復數(shù)youryourselves第三人稱單數(shù)hishisherhersitsits復數(shù)themthemselves3. 反身代詞如人稱代詞一致，反身代詞的人稱和數(shù)以及性要和它所指代的名詞或代詞一致。反身代詞可用作賓語、同位語、表語等。用作同位語時，主要用于加強被修飾詞的語氣，可緊放在被修飾名詞后或句末。如：反身代詞不可作主語，但可以用作主語的同位語。 He himself was a doctor. (同位語) =He was a doctor himself.誤Myself did it yesterday.正I myself did it yesterda

10、y.正I did it myself yesterday.析反身代詞不可作主語，但可以用作主語的同位語。She is too young to look after herself. （賓語）I dont blame you, I blame myself(賓語).He cut himself when he was cooking. (賓語)That poor boy was myself.（表語）那個可憐的孩子就是我自己。 反身代詞用于 be, feel, seem, look 等后作表語表示身體或精神所處的狀態(tài)。如：Ill be myself again in no time. 我一會兒

11、就會好的。He doesnt feel himself today.他今天感覺身體不舒服Im not quite myself these days. 我近來身體不大舒服。反身代詞不能作介詞賓語，除非是由不及物動詞與介詞組成的動詞短語誤Please bring your daughter with yourself.正Please bring your daughter with you.析反身代詞不能作介詞賓語，除非是由不及物動詞與介詞組成的動詞短語，如： The old woman spoke to herself.固定短語 Make yourself home.誤Make yoursel

12、f home.正Make yourself at home.析這是英語中的習慣用法，意為“像在家里一樣”。這樣的用法還有：enjoy oneself 玩得開心make yourself at home 像在家中一樣help yourself to something 自己拿某物lost oneself 迷路seat oneself 就坐dress oneself 穿衣 祈使句中的反身代詞誤Take care of ourselves.正Take care of yourselves .(yourself)析祈始句的主語應看作第二人稱you.人稱單復數(shù)主格賓格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞反身代

13、詞第一人稱單數(shù) I memyminemyself復數(shù)weusouroursourselves第二人稱單數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourself復數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourself第三人稱單數(shù)hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfititsitsitsitself復數(shù)theythemtheirtheirsthemselves小插曲：Be動詞有三個 am,is還有are 我用am 你用are, is跟著他她它 主語表示單數(shù)意義用is 主語表示復數(shù)意義，全部都用are.1. I_astudent. 2. You_adoctor.3. she

14、_fromJinan. 4. You_American.5. He_inClass4,Grade1.6. It_acar. 7. They_cars. 8. Yourmother_inChina.9. Yourfriends_inNewYork.10. These_buses.4. 指示代詞單數(shù)復數(shù)例子this/thatthese/thoseThis is my book.(主語)I want that.(賓語)My book is that.(表語) 為避免重復，可用 that 和 those 代替前面提到的名詞。如：The playground of this school is bigg

15、er than that of that school. (That=the playground)My seat is next to that of the mayor.（that=mayors seat） 我的座位在市長座位旁邊。誤The days in summer are longer than this in winter.正The days in summer are longer than those in winter.析在比較句中往往為了避免重復，可以用that或those取代前面提到的事物，如是單數(shù)時用that,復數(shù)時用those，如：The weather in Bei

16、jing is hotter than that in Chang Chun. 用來回指上文提到的事情時，可用this 或 that，但是若要指下文敘述的事情，通常要用 this。如：-She is a beautiful girl.-Who said that? I want to know this: Is she beautiful? 我想知道這一點：她美嗎? 在打電話時，通常用 this 指自己，用that指對方：Hello. This is Jim. Is that John? 喂，我是吉姆，你是約翰嗎?誤Whos this speaking.Thats Mary.正Whos tha

17、t speaking.This is Mary.析在電話用語中，this指講話人自己，而that指對方。 除用作代詞外，this 和that 還可用作副詞，用以修飾形容詞或副詞，意為這么那么，相當于 so。如：Ive done only that much. 我所做的就這么多。Is he always this busy? 他總這么忙嗎? 指示代詞this, that 和these在作主語時可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分時只能指物，不能指人。而those作賓語后接定語從句時可以指人。而且只有that、those后面可以跟定語從句。如：That is my teacher.那是我的老師。（th

18、at作主語，指人）He is going to marry this girl.他要和這個姑娘結婚。（this作限定詞）He is going to marry this.（this作賓語時不能指人）I bought this.我買這個。（this指物，可作賓語）He admired those who looked beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的人。（those指人）He admired that who danced well.（that作賓語時不能指人）He admired that which looked beautiful.他贊賞外表漂亮的東西。5. 不定代詞不定代詞不

19、定代詞是不指明代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞。英語中不定代詞有：some（something，somebody，someone，somewhere），any（anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere）， no（nothing，nobody，no one）， every（everything，everybody，everyone，everywhere），all，each，both，much，many，（a）little，（a）few，other（s），another，none，one，either， neither等。bodyonethingwheresomesomebo

20、dysomeonesomethingsomewhereanyanybodyanyoneanythinganywhereeveryeverybodyeveryoneeverythingeverywherenonobodyno onenothingnowhereevery/each every三者或三者以上的每一個every 則側重于全體every只可作形容詞，不可作代詞each二者或二者以上的每一個each側重強調個體each既可作形容詞，又可作代詞判斷1)誤There are trees on every sides of the street.正There are trees on each

21、 side of the street. 析every用于三者或三者以上的每一個，而each用于二者或二者以上的每一個。因為街道只有兩側，所以只能用each而不能用every.2)誤We each has a ticket for the concert.正We each have a ticket for the concert.析each作句子主語時其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式，如：Each of us wants to learn English well，但each作同位語時，則應以原名詞的數(shù)為準。3)誤Every of us has to pass the exam.正Each of us

22、 has to pass the exam.析every只可作形容詞，不可作代詞，而each既可作形容詞，又可作代詞，在作形容詞時each側重強調個體，而every 則側重于全體。 the others=other+名復誤There are ten students here Where are the others students?正There are ten students here.Where are the others?正There are ten students here Where are the other students?析the others=the other s

23、tudents.誤Some people like sports. The others like reading.正Some people like sports. Others like reading.析在泛指的復數(shù)名詞前用someothersothers來表示某些人某些人某些人。 one/ another/ the otheroneone作代詞時，它的復數(shù)形式是ones,所有格形式是ones，反身代詞為oneselfanotheranother用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞在泛指某一個時用another,the otherthe other用作代詞時它的含意一定是單數(shù)判斷1)誤Everyone sh

24、ould do ones best.正Everyone should do his best.析one作代詞時，它的復數(shù)形式是ones,所有格形式是ones，反身代詞為oneself.如果講One should do ones best.則是對句。如果one與別的詞組成其他詞，如： someone, anyone, everyone或only one 則要用his/her，來作其所有格形式。2)誤The old man has two sons. One is a teacher, another is a doctor.正The old man has two sons. One is a

25、teacher, the other is a doctor.析another用于泛指，如：Is it far from here to the station?Im sorry. I have no idea. One may say it is quite near; another may say it is far from here.但在特指時則要用the other.它可以用作定語，the other one,也可以用作代詞the other,但the other用作代詞時它的含意一定是單數(shù)。如果指三者或者三者以上的情況時，則要用oneanotherthe other.或者onea

26、 secondthe third3)誤The post office is on other side of the street.正The post office is on the other side of the street.析單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞如在泛指某一個時用another,而特指時則要用the other,因街道只有兩邊，而不在這邊必定是在另一邊，所以要用特指。some/ any誤I want any books to read. Do you have any?正I want some books to read. Do you have any?析按照語法any用于疑問句和否定句

27、，而some用于肯定句。 something /anything不定代詞應被看作單數(shù)，即使用and連接兩個不定代詞，也要看作單數(shù)誤Would you like anything to drink?正Would you like something to drink?析在由would you like發(fā)出的問句中，表達了說話者真心實意要為對方提供些飲料，或在說話者想得到對方的肯定答復時，在疑問句中要用some而不用any。誤Someone want to meet you.正Someone wants to meet you.析不定代詞應被看作單數(shù)，即使用and連接兩個不定代詞，也要看作單數(shù)，如

28、：Anyone and everyone has the right. 任何人，每一個人都有這樣的權力。many /much much用于不可數(shù)名詞，作主語時用單數(shù)謂語動詞。而many用于可數(shù)名詞，它作主語時用復數(shù)形式的謂語動詞。誤Much of what you said are true.正Much of what you said is true.析much用于不可數(shù)名詞，作主語時用單數(shù)謂語動詞。而many用于可數(shù)名詞，它作主語時用復數(shù)形式的謂語動詞。誤Be careful. Dont drink too many.正Be careful. Dont drink too much.析這里

29、much所代的應是飲料或水，所以應為不可數(shù)名詞。 few/littlelittle與few用于句中時，均要按否定句看待。few用于可數(shù)名詞，意為幾乎沒有，但few作主語時謂語動詞則要用復數(shù)形式。誤Many know him， but few likes him.正Many know him, but few like him.析few用于可數(shù)名詞，意為幾乎沒有，但few作主語時謂語動詞則要用復數(shù)形式，而a few為有一些。誤You have few friends, havent you?正You have few friends, have you?析little與few用于句中時，均要按否

30、定句看待。both/all誤We like both this little boy.正We both like this little boy.析both作同位語時，它在句中的位置有：在be動詞之后，如：We are both students.在實意動詞之前，如：The parents both want to go to the cinema.用于第一助動詞之后，如：We have both read these English novels.使用時要注意以下句子的實際含意：Both of us are not right.應譯為：我們倆不都對。Neither of us is righ

31、t.才應譯為：我倆都不對。又如：I cant give you both of the books.意為：兩本書我不能全給你，而I cant give you either of the books.才為：兩本書我全不能給你。誤All my parents are engineers.正Both my parents are engineers.析all用于三者或三者以上的全部，而both 則用于兩者的全部。誤All of students might make some mistakes.正All of the students might make some mistakes.正All s

32、tudents might make some mistakes.析非特指的名詞前可用all但不可用all of結構，也就是講all of結構后面的名詞前一定要有定冠詞。其他與all有關的習慣用法還有：all the year round, all week, all day, all winter誤The all village was flooded.正All the village was flooded.析all作修飾語時要用在所有修飾詞之前。 eitheror, neithernor誤He or his brother is doing their homework.正He or h

33、is brother is doing his homework.析由eitheror, neithernor, or 連接兩個主語時，如果兩主語是單數(shù)時，用單數(shù)代詞，如兩主語是復數(shù)時，用復數(shù)代詞，如：Either teachers or students want to do their best to help the old man.如是一單一復兩名詞時，一般將單數(shù)名詞放在前，復數(shù)名詞放在后，要用復數(shù)代詞，如：The teacher or his students will clean their classroom together.誤Either you or I are right

34、.正Either you or I am right.析在eitheror,或neithernor連接兩個主語時，其謂語動詞要與和其相近的那個主語相配。誤There are many trees on either sides of the street.正There are many trees on either side of the street.正There are many trees on both sides of the street.析either作代詞時由兩個含意，其一是兩者中隨便哪一個，如：You can take either.其二是兩者中的每一個。但要注意的是eit

35、her后要加單數(shù)名詞，如果作主語則謂語動詞也要用單數(shù)形式。誤He doesnt like Beijing opera. I dont like too.正He doesnt like Beijing opera, I dont like either.析either作為“也”講時，要用于否定句中，而too則用于肯定句中。a lot of誤We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish them.正We have a lot of homework to do today. So we

36、need two or three hours to finish it.析在應用代詞時，要注意人稱，格與數(shù)的一致性。這里it所代替的是不可數(shù)名詞homework， 所以應用it。no one/ none誤 Who won the game? None.正 Who won the game? No one.析由who提問的句子的否定回答中的簡略說法是no one,而由How many提問的句子的否定回答中的簡略語是None.如：How many books are there? None.everyone 誤Everyone of us should do housework two hour

37、s a day.正Every one of us should do housework two hours a day.析everyone不可與of結構相連接使用，而every one則可以這樣用。拓展 so/such誤It is so a good book that everyone likes to read.正It is such a good book that everyone likes to read.正It is so good a book that everyone likes to read.析在可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時可用so+形容詞+不定冠詞+名詞+that從句，也可用su

38、ch+不定冠詞+形容詞+that從句。在不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)時，只用such, 如：It is such good weather that I want to go swimming. They are such good books that I want to buy them all.在many, much, few, little這4個詞前僅能用so,如： She has so much money that she can buy everything she wants.而在so與that之間僅存形容詞時，則不能用such,如:She is so sweet that eve

39、ryone likes her. the same as 和一樣誤I want to buy a same dictionary as yours.正I want to buy the same dictionary as yours.析same與定冠詞the是固定搭配不可更改。這樣的用法還有all the same(仍然)。I dont think so. I hope/believe not.誤I hope she might pass the exam.I dont hope so.正I hope she might pass the exam.I hope not.析在作肯定回答時，I

40、 think so. I hope so. I believe so.但作否定回答時為：I dont think so. I hope/believe not.So did she/So it is.誤He studied very hard this term. So she did.正 He studied very hard this term. So did she.誤 English is difficult to learn. So is it.正 English is difficult to learn. So it is.析在對話中如果某一動作同時適用于兩個主語，這時在答語中

41、要用縮寫且要用倒裝句。如第一組句，即studied hard既適用于he,也適用于she.但答語僅僅是對前句的重復，即僅僅是第一句的縮寫時則不要用倒裝句。如第二組句子為：英語難學。答語為：是的，難學。這時縮寫的答語不要用倒裝句。neither/none誤I have three sisters. Neither of them is a doctor.正I have three sisters. None of them is a doctor.析neither用于兩者中無一是，而none則用于多于兩者中的人或事物無一是。everyday/every day誤I should read Eng

42、lish everyday.正I should read English every day.析要注意的是every day是“每天”，而everyday則是形容詞為“日常的”。如：everyday English日常英語，everyday life日常生活。every other day誤Please remember to water the flowers each other day.正Please remember to water the flowers every other day.析every other day為每隔一天。是習慣用法，不要隨意改動。又如：on the oth

43、er hand另一方面。enough誤This room is enough large for the students to live in.正This room is large enough for the students to live in.析enough 可以用作代詞，如：There is enough of the food. 又如：Enough has been done for the work，但enough 還可以作形容詞來修飾名詞，這時enough可以放在名詞之前，也可放在名詞之后，如：money enough 與enough money都是對的。但當enough作

44、副詞修飾形容詞時，則只能置于形容詞之后了。隨堂練習代詞練習題一 填空1. This bike is my sisters. It belongs to _ (她的)。2. This isnt my book. _(我的) is in the bag. 3. They quarreled among _（他們）.4. You and I understand _(彼此) perfectly.5. If there are _（一些） new magazines in the library, take some for me.二 單項選擇1. _ writer is better know in

45、 China, Charles Dickens or Mark Twain?A. Which B. What C. Either D. Whether2. They were all very tired, but _ of them would stop to have a rest.A. any B. some C. none D. neither3. Kate and her sister went on holiday with a cousin of _.A. their B. theirs C. them D. themselves 4. -Is _ here? - No, Bob

46、 and Tim have asked for leave.A. anybody B. Somebody C. everybody D. nobody5. We couldnt eat in a restaurant because _ of us had _ money on us.A. all; no B. any; no C. none; any C. no one ; any三 用括號里的代詞的適當形式填空1. Mr Yang is _(we) teacher._(him) is from Beijing._(his) teaches_(our) English.2. Look,the

47、re is a cat._(it) is Lilys._(it) name is Mimi.3. Let_(I) tell _(she) about_(he) life at school.4. This is _(they) room.Where is _(our)?5. The lady under the tree is _(me) aunt._(her) often sings with _(she) husband參考答案一 1-5her My them each other many二 ACBCC三 1 our He His us 2 it its 3 me her his 4 t

48、heir ours 5 my She her練習題1 These are books. Yours are over there.A I B my C me D mine答案B.析這里應用形容詞性物主代詞。2 is she? She is a teacher.A What B How C Who D Where答案A.析這里的四個疑問詞放在問句中全都成立，但其意義不同。What is she?應譯為“她的工作是什么?”或“她是做什么的?”而How is she?應譯為“她身體如何?”而Who is she?應譯為“她是誰?”其答語應為“她叫什么名字。”而Where is she?應為“她在什么

49、地方?”由答語決定了這道題的選擇。3 is wrong with my watch. It has stopped.A Something, working B Something, to workC Any thing, working D Anything, to work答案A.析因為是肯定句所以應用Something,其后由于表停止工作了，則stop后要用動名詞。4 Mary, help to the bananas, please.A you B your C yourself D yourselves答案C.析help oneself to something為“自己拿某物”。yo

50、urself為“你一個人”，而yourselves為“你們”。5 do you go to school every day? By bus.A How B Why C When D Where答案A.析這題的答案是由問句決定的。6 My skirt is popular than.A much, her B much, hers C more, her D more, hers答案D.析因句中有than,所以應選用比較級，而than后要選用名詞性物主代詞。7 Can you speak English? Yes, but only.A few B a few C little D a lit

51、tle答案D.析因會講某種語言的多少要用a little,把它看作不可數(shù)名詞對待，此答語為：是的，但僅僅會講一點。8 Mr.Smith is an old friend of.A I B me C my D mine答案D.析這里應選名詞性物主代詞，這也是英語的一種習慣用法，而不要選擇my。9 “ do you hear from your parents?”“About once a month.”A How long B How manyC How often D How much答案C.析How often問的是某一動作發(fā)生的頻率，即在單位時間內發(fā)生多少次。10 Mr Green wou

52、ldnt say at the meeting.A everything B nothing C anything D something答案C.析在否定句中應用anything11 “Mum, Anns coming tonight. Lets give her to eat.”“Good idea!”A anything nice B nice anythingC something nice D nice something答案C.析肯定句中用something而不用anything,不定代詞的修飾詞應放其后而不要放在其前面。12 When shall we meet, this evening or tomorrow evening? I dont mind. time is OK.A Some B Neither C Either D