高考英語(yǔ)熱點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞十五類

1、高考英語(yǔ)熱點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞十五類動(dòng)詞是英語(yǔ)中最活躍的詞類，是句子的核心成分。此外，英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的變化較多，形式頗為復(fù)雜，是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)之一。歷屆高考英語(yǔ)試題常把動(dòng)詞作為測(cè)試的重點(diǎn)，在單項(xiàng)填空題中所占比例在50%以上。筆者通過(guò)對(duì)近十年來(lái)的高考英語(yǔ)試題進(jìn)行分析，歸納?？紕?dòng)詞十五類，供大家參考。一 、連系動(dòng)詞類 連系動(dòng)詞按其所表示的意義可分為以下四種：1.變化類 表事物發(fā)展變化的過(guò)程，如become, go, turn, grow, get, fall 等。2. 感覺(jué)類 表人體部位的感受，如feel, smell, taste, look, sound等。 3. 狀態(tài)類 表事物所處的狀態(tài)，如keep, come

2、, run, remain, stand, lie, stay, prove 等。4. 外表特征類 表外表給人的印象，如appear, seem, look 等。連系動(dòng)詞的作用是后接形容詞或相當(dāng)于形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)作表語(yǔ)。除了少數(shù)幾個(gè)（如feel， get, become, grow等）外，不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：The mixture is tasted terrible. （誤）The mixture tastes terrible (正)Jim pretended to be falling asleep when his mother came in. （誤）Jim pretende

3、d to fall /be asleep when his mother came in. (正) Im feeling much better than ever before. It was getting darker and darker. Besides, a cold rain began to fall. 高考例題 （1） Do you like the material?Yes, it _ very soft. (NMET94) A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt （2）Why dont you put the meat in t

4、he fridge？It will_fresh for several days. (NMET03)A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed（3）The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing.A. seatB. seatingC. seatedD. to be seating （04春季高考上海卷）（4）Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If

5、 not, you may _ run over by a car. （02高考北京卷） A. haveB. getC. becomeD. turn （5）Happy birthday, Alice. So you have _ twenty-one already. （04天津卷）A. becomeB. turnedC. grownD. passed （6）Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you cant have time to _ before the party. (04全國(guó)卷II)A. get changedB. get changeC. get changin

6、gD. get to change （7）On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she _ pale. （04湖北卷）A. gotB. changedC. wentD. appeared （8）The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. （04上海卷）A. to smellB. smellingC. smeltD. to be smelt （9）Although he has taken a l

7、ot of medicine, his health _ poor. （02春上海卷） A. provesB. remainsC. maintainsD. continues （10）I love to go to the seaside in summer. It good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea. A. doesB. feelsC. getsD. makes( Key: CBCBB ACBBB ) 二、感官動(dòng)詞類?？嫉母泄賱?dòng)詞有see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, find, catch

8、 等。感官動(dòng)詞的主要作用是后接非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的不同形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表達(dá)不同的含義。 1. 后接不帶to的不定式表示一個(gè)發(fā)生過(guò)或者還沒(méi)發(fā)生具體的動(dòng)作。I often heard the song sung, but I have never heard you sing it. When you go to watch the football watch, you will enjoy seeing the Chinese football team win. 2. 后接V-ing形式表正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the

9、sea, we let out a shout of joy. Hearing this, I felt my heart beating fast. 3. 后接V-ed形式表被動(dòng)意義。After his return twenty years later, he found his home town greatly changed. Although I had learnt some English, I had never heard a word of it spoken. 高考例題（1）The managers discussed the plan that they would

10、like to see _the next year. (NMET2000)A. carry outB. carrying outC. carried outD. to carry out（2）A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. (NMET03) A. smokeB. smokingC. to smokeD. smoked （3）The missing boys were last seen _ near the river.A. playingB. to be playingC. playD. t

11、o play（4）The salesman scolded the girl who was caught _ and let her off. (NMET93) A. to have stolenB. to be stealingC .to stealD. stealing （5）He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. putB. to be puttingC. to putD. putting （04春北京卷）( Key: CBADD) 三、使役動(dòng)詞類表“致使”意義的動(dòng)詞

12、稱之為使役動(dòng)詞，如make, let, have, keep, leave, set, send 等。使役動(dòng)詞的作用是后接非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的不同形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表達(dá)不同的含義。分以下三種情況：1. make, let have等后接不帶to的不定式，表“使/讓某人/某物做某事”。Dont make him do it if he doesnt want to. If you have any problems, just let me know. 在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式須帶to，但是have不用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中to。He was made to apologize to the guest. 2. hav

13、e, keep, leave, send, set, get等后接V-ing形式，表持續(xù)性動(dòng)作。Im sorry to keep you waiting for so long. Why do you have him worrying about his lessons?3. have, keep, leave等后接V-ed形式，表被動(dòng)含義。He didnt keep on asking me the time until he had had his watch repaired. Ill keep you informed as soon as I have the news. 高考例題

14、（1）Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth. (04天津卷)A. runB. runningC. being runD. to run （2）Laws that punish parents for their childrens actions against the laws get parents _. （04重慶卷）A. worriedB. to worryC. worryingD. worry （3） Why did you go back to the shop？I left my friend _ there（03春安

15、徽內(nèi)蒙古卷）A. waitingB. to waitC. waitD. waits （4）It was so cold that they kept the fire _ all night. (NMET91) A. to burnB. burnC. burningD. burned（5） Good morning, can I help you? Id like to have this package _, madam. A. be weighedB. weighingC. weighedD. to weigh (NMET89) （6）The speaker raised his voic

16、e but still couldnt make himself _. (NMET91) A. hear B. to hearC. hearing D. heard（7）As you have never been there before, Ill have someone _ you the way.（94上海卷） A. showB. to showC .showingD. showed （8）Paul doesnt have to be made . He always works hard. (NMET95) A. learnB. to learn C. learnedD. learn

17、ing（9）A computer can do only what thinking people _. （99上海卷）A. have it doB. have it doneC. have done itD. having it done （10）Mrs.Brown was much disappointed to see the wash?鄄ing machine she had had _ went wrong. （98年上海卷）A. itB. it repairedC. repairedD. to be repaired( Key: BCACC DABAC ) 四、含情感色彩的動(dòng)詞這類

18、動(dòng)詞有excite, inspire, encourage, interest, satisfy, delight, please, move, frighten, surprise, amaze, astonish, shock, worry, astonish, disappoint, discourage, exhaust, puz?鄄zle, tire, terrify 等。情感動(dòng)詞后接指人的名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)，有V-ing和V-ed兩種形式，在句中作賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，V-ing形式指人，V-ed形式則指事物。The story was so moving that everyone pres

19、ent was moved to tears. What disappointing result! We were all disappointed with it. Climbing a hill was tiring and we were tired when we reached the summit. 高考例題（1）Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does _his boss.（2000春北京安徽內(nèi)蒙古卷）A. servesB. satisfiesC. promisesD. suppo

20、rts（2）Im very with my own cooking. It looks nice smells delicious. Mm, it does have a smell.（02春NMET）A. pleasant; pleasedB. pleased; pleasedC. pleasant; pleasantD. pleased; pleasant （3）Mr. Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel. （03春北京卷）A. tired; boringB. tiring; boredC. tired; boredD. ti

21、ring; boring （4）It is believed that if a book is_, it will sure?鄄ly_ the reader. （03上海卷）A. interested; interestB. interesting ; be interestedC. interested ; be interestingD. interesting; interest （5）After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones re?鄄turned home _.（04春上海卷）A. being exhaustedB. exhausted

22、C. exhaustingD. having exhausted ( Key: BDADB) 五、后接不定式動(dòng)詞類afford, agree, choose, determine, expect, decide, learn, offer, mange, hope, want, wish, promise, refuse, fail, pretend, happen等動(dòng)詞，后跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)。Thank you for offering to help, but I can manage myself.He learned to ride a bicycle when he was a smal

23、l boy. 高考例題（1）We agreed_ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. (NMET95) A. having metB. meetingC. to meetD. to have met （2）Little Jim should love to the theatre this evening. (NMET92) A. to be takenB. to takeC. being takenD. taking（3）I dont know whether you happen _, but Im going to study in the

24、U. S. A. this September. （04遼寧卷） A. to be heardB. to be hearingC. to hearD. to have heard （4）She pretended me when I passed by. (NMET89)A. not to seeB. not seeingC. to not seeD. having not seen （5）Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _ everything. （01高考上海卷）A. to tellB. to be toldC. to

25、be tellingD. to have been told ( Key: CADAD)六、后接V-ing形式動(dòng)詞類該類動(dòng)詞?？嫉挠衋ppreciate, avoid, bear, consider, dislike, delay, enjoy, escape, finish, hate, imagine, keep , mind, miss, practise, postphone, resist, risk, stand, suggest等。這些動(dòng)詞須接V-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。例如：I dont mind waiting, but Ive got to stand in the cold w

26、ind. Have you considered making some necessary changes to your plan? Only by practising speaking English every day can you expect to improve your spoken English. 高考例題（1）I would appreciate back this afternoon. A. you to callB. you callC. your callingD. youre calling （2）While shopping, people sometime

27、s cant help _ into buying something they dont really need.（96年上海卷）A. to persuade B. persuadingC. being persuadedD. be persuaded（3）He has always insisted on his _Dr. turner instead of Mr. Turner. （92上海卷）A. been calledB. calledC. being calledD. having called （4）I really appreciate _ to relax with you

28、on this nice island. （04年上海卷）A. to have had timeB. having timeC. to have timeD. to having time （5）Do you mind _ alone at home? （94年上海卷）A. Jane leavingB. Jane having leftC. Janes being leftD. Jane to be left （6）I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the At?鄄lantic Ocean in five days. (NMET91) A. sailB.

29、to sailC. sailingD. to have sailed( Key: CBCBCC)七、后接不定式與V-ing形式意義不同動(dòng)詞類remember, try, regret, mean, forget, stop, go on, cant help等后接不定式與V-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，表達(dá)含義不同。 見(jiàn)下表：例如：I remember being pad, but Ive forgotten the exact amount. Please remember to send me a photo of your son the next time you write to me. I

30、dont really mean to work here, which means leaving the job soon afterwards. 高考例題（1） The light in the office is still on. (NMET91) Oh, I forgot_. A. turning it offB. turn it offC. to turn it offD. having turned it off（2） You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. (NMET95) Well, now I r

31、egret_that.A. to doB. to be doingC. to have done D. having done （3）She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. （97上海卷）A. to cleanB. cleaningC. cleanedD. being cleaned （4） I usually go there by train. (NMET92) Why not by boat for a change? A. to try goingB. trying to goC. to try and go

32、D. try going （5） Let me tell you something about the journalists. Dont you remember _ me the story yesterday? （99年高考上海卷）A. toldB. tellingC .to tellD. to have told （6）The library needs _, but Ill have to wait un?鄄til Sunday. (NMET92)A. cleaningB. be cleanedC. being cleanedD. clean （7）In some parts of

33、 London, missing a bus means _ for another hour. （02春上海卷）A. waitingB. to waitC. waitD. to be waiting （8）She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path. (NMET90) A. restingB. to have restedC. restedD. to rest（9）Go on the other exercise after you have fin?鄄ished th

34、is one. (NMET89) A. to doB. doingC. withD. to be doing ( Key: BDADB AADA)八、進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表將來(lái)意義動(dòng)詞類這類動(dòng)詞一般為表位置移動(dòng)或方向性動(dòng)詞，如go, come, start, arrive, take, leave, move等。例如：When are going off to for Shanghai? Mary as well as her parents is leaving for California next month. 高考例題（1）Ive won a holiday for two to Florida.

35、 I _ my mum. （01春NMET）A. am takingB. have takenC. takeD. will have taken（2） What were you doing when he came to see you? （89上海卷） I had just put on my overcoat and _ visit a friend. A. leavingB. was leftC. leftD .was leaving （3） What were you doing when Tony phoned you ? I had just finished my work a

36、nd to take a shower. （04天津卷） A. had startedB. startedC. have startedD. was starting ( Key: ADD)九、主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)動(dòng)詞類英語(yǔ)中有些動(dòng)詞可用其主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義，可分為以下三種情況： 1.某些實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式后跟副詞表示被動(dòng)意義，這類動(dòng)詞有sell, wash, write, last, read, wear等。這種“動(dòng)詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，常表示事物內(nèi)部特有的屬性。This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long. The pen my father gave me

37、 as a birthday gift writes smoothly. Written in simple English, this article reads easily. 2. 某些及物動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)為不及物動(dòng)詞后，其主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，如open（打開(kāi)，營(yíng)業(yè)）, close（關(guān)門）, shut（關(guān)閉）, cut（切割）, weigh（重）, act（上演）等。The door wont shut. This shop opens much earlier than it used to.Each stone weighs 2 tons. 3. 某些不及物動(dòng)詞，如happen, occur

38、, cost以及短語(yǔ)，如come out（出版）, come up（出現(xiàn)）, come into being（產(chǎn)生） come to ones mind（想起）, turn out（證明是）, come about（發(fā)生）, break out（爆發(fā)）, belong to（屬于）等，本身表被動(dòng)含義，所以它們常用主動(dòng)形式。The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century. Suddenly an idea came to his mind. It

39、 never occurred to me to phone you. 高考例題（1）The evening news comes on at seven oclock and _ only thirty minutes. （04全國(guó)卷II）A. keepsB. continuesC. finishesD. lasts （2） Mummy, can I put the peaches in the cup?鄄board? （02北京卷） No, dear. They dont _ well. Put them in the fridge instead. A. keepB. fitC. get

40、D. last （3）Books of this kind _ well. ( 99上海卷) A. sellB. sellsC. are soldD .is sold ( key: DAA)十、虛擬語(yǔ)氣動(dòng)詞類insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand等后接引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用“(should)動(dòng)詞原形”。 The guard at the gate insisted that everyone should obey the rules. The rule requir

41、es that everyone, young or old, man or women, have his car checked once a year. 高考例題（1） How do you _ we go to Beijing for our holidays. I think wed better fly there. Its much more comfortable. （04福建卷）A. insistB. wantC. supposeD. suggest （2）Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents su

42、ggested that she _ a medical examina?鄄tion. （94上海卷）A. be; should haveB. was; haveC. should be; hadD. was; has （3） _ sent to work here? （02上海卷）A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that should C. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should ( Key: DBA)十一、省略替代類believe, think, suppose,

43、 guess, hope, expect, imagine, would like (love), be afraid等動(dòng)詞用于簡(jiǎn)略回答中，后接so來(lái)替代肯定分句，用not來(lái)替代否定分句?；蚪觮o來(lái)替代前面內(nèi)容相同的不定式，表示看法、意見(jiàn)、設(shè)想、打算等。例如：Do you think Norman would have lent me his car I had asked him to? Yes, I think so. Will you be able to come to my birthday party? Id love to, but Im too busy. 注意：believe

44、, think, suppose, guess等用于否定回答時(shí)，既可以說(shuō)I believe (think, suppose guess) not，也可以說(shuō)I dont believe (think, suppose guess) so，但用hope, expect, be afraid作否定回答時(shí)，只能說(shuō)I hope (expect) not以及Im afraid not。高考例題（1）I believe weve met somewhere before. （2000春季北京、安徽、內(nèi)蒙古卷）No, _.A. it isnt the sameB. it cant be true C. I d

45、ont think soD. Id rather not（2） The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they？（03春北京卷） _. A. I guess not soB. I dont guessC. I dont guess itD. I guess not （3） Do you think its going to rain over the weekend? _. (NMET94) A. I dont believeB. I dont believe itC. I believe not soD. I believe not (

46、Key: CDD)十二、否定轉(zhuǎn)移類think, believe, guess, suppose, imagine, expect 等動(dòng)詞后接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句若為否定結(jié)構(gòu)，常將否定詞not前移到主句中。I dont think it is possible to learn a foreign language well without much memory work. He doesnt think Tom will make an excellent player. 當(dāng)該結(jié)構(gòu)的主句主語(yǔ)為第一人稱時(shí)，變?yōu)榉匆庖蓡?wèn)句，后半句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)略形式應(yīng)與從句保持一致，否則與主句保持一致

47、。 例如：I dont think there is anything else I need, is there? He doesnt believe he will be able to solve the problems by herself, does he? 高考例題（1）I dont suppose anyone will volunteer, _? （01上海卷）A. do IB. dont IC. will theyD. wont they （2）Mrs. Black doesnt believe her son is able to design a digital cam

48、era, _? （02上海卷）A. is heB. isnt heC. doesnt sheD. does she( Key: C D) 十三、帶介詞to的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)類這類短語(yǔ)有be (get) used to, lead to, devoteto, lookforward to, stick to, object to, get down to, there is no end to等。當(dāng)它們后面出現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要用V-ing形式。 例如：Ive got used to driving in all kinds of weather. As soon as she returned home fr

49、om abroad, she got down to preparing supper for children. 注意區(qū)分介詞to與不定式符號(hào)to。He used to drive on the right and now he is used to driving on the left. （used to表“過(guò)去常?！?，to為不定式符號(hào)，be used to表“習(xí)慣于”，to為介詞）Im looking forward to seeing you soon. ( look forward to意思是“盼望，期待”, to為介詞。)He looked forward to see what

50、 was happening. (look forward意為“向前看”, to see是不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。)高考例題 （1）Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children. （01上海卷）A. set upB. setting upC. have set upD. having set up （2）The discovery of new evidence led to_. （03上海卷）A. the thief having caughtB. catch the thief

51、 C. the thief being caughtD. the thief to be caught （3）She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden. （94上海卷）A. visitB. paying a visitC. walkingD. walking in( Key: BCD)十四、瞬間（非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）類這類動(dòng)詞?？嫉挠術(shù)o, come, leave, start, return, begin, arrive, stop, finish, borrow, lend, open, close, die, become, break, join, marry, employ, graduate等。瞬間（非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）表短暫性的動(dòng)作，因此不可與表“段時(shí)間”的for/since短語(yǔ)或since從句連用。例如：He has come here for three years. （誤）He has been here for three years. （正）It is three years since he came here. （正） 高考例