雅思詞匯-2 環(huán)保類(lèi)

1、構(gòu)詞法（詞根，詞綴，派生詞等）的講解與學(xué)習(xí)是為了服務(wù)于聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫(xiě)四部分。詞根和詞綴主要是為了尋找規(guī)律以高效率的記憶單詞，并且猜測(cè)陌生詞匯的意思。派生詞主要是為了同義替換，即聽(tīng)力閱讀當(dāng)中，以及寫(xiě)作中的詞匯及句型變換。Eg. Make an apology to sb for sth/apologize to sb for sthDecide to do sth/ make a decision to do sthContribute to do sth/ make contribution to do sthIt is possible that/ there is a posssibility

2、that Module 2 EnvironmentA. Resources:1. Resource: n (一般作resources) a stock or supply of money, materials, staff, and other assets that can be drawn on by a person or organization in order to function effectively 資源（指錢(qián)，物，人等）Eg. Local authorities complained that they lacked resources. 地方當(dāng)局抱怨資源不足（reso

3、urces）a countrys collective means of supporting itself or becoming wealthier, as represented by its reserves of minerals, land and other assets (國(guó)家的)自然資源Resourceful: adj having the ability to find quick and clever ways to overcome difficulties 善于隨機(jī)應(yīng)變的，足智多謀的Source：n a place,person, or thing from whic

4、h something comes or can be obtained 來(lái)源a spring or fountain head from which a river or stream issues （河流或小溪的）源頭 eg. The source of the Nile 尼羅河的源頭a person who provides information 提供信息的人2. Renewable: (1) adj (of energy or its source) not depleted when used (能源或其來(lái)源）能再生的，能再生性的Eg. A shift away from foss

5、il fuels to renewable energy 從礦物燃料到再生性能源的轉(zhuǎn)移n. renewables a source of energy that is not depleted by use, such as water,wind or solar power. 再生性能源Nonrenewable: adj3. Employ: v (1) give work to someone and pay them for it 雇用 Eg. The firm employs 150 people Employer/ employee Employment: employment rat

6、e/ unemployment rate Dismiss/fire/lay off resign/quit/give up （2）make use of 利用，使用 Eg. The methods they have employed to collect the data 他們用來(lái)收集資料的方法The translation strategies employed by the translator aim to achieve the linguistic equivalence.4. Utilize: utilise v with object make practical and ef

7、fective use of 利用 eg. Vitamin C helps your body utilize the iron present in your diet. 維他命C幫助機(jī)體吸收飲食中的鐵質(zhì)Utilizable: adj utilization: n utilizer: n 5. Exploit: v (1)make full use of and derive benefit from (a resource) 充分利用（資源） exploit this new technology(2) benefit unjustly or unfairly from the work

8、of (someone), typically by overworking or underpaying them 剝削Eg. Women are exploited in the workplace 婦女在工作中受剝削Exploitation: n exploitative: adjExploiter: n exploitive: adj6. Make use of /make full use of/make good use of Take advantage of/take full advantage of 7. Population: n all the inhabitants

9、of a particular town, area, or country(城鎮(zhèn)，地區(qū)或國(guó)家的）全體居民，人口Eg. The island has a population of about 78,000a large/small population An increase/a fall in populationHave/has a population of Whats the population of Areas of sparse/dense population: a sparsely-populated area/ a densely-populated area 人口稀少/

10、密集地區(qū)8. Explode: (1) increase suddenly or rapidly in size, number, or extent 激增，迅速擴(kuò)大Eg. The use of this drug exploded in the 90sEg. Population explosion (2) with object cause (a bomb) to do this 使炸彈爆炸9. Soar：v （1）【no object】fly or rise high in the air 高飛，翱翔Eg. The bird spread its wings and soared int

11、o the air.鳥(niǎo)展開(kāi)翅膀，飛向高空（2） increase rapidly above the usual level 劇增Eg. The cost of living continued to soar 生活費(fèi)用持續(xù)劇增Adj: soaring the soaring crime rate 急劇上升的犯罪率10. Census：an official count or survey of a population or of a class of things,typically recording various details of individuals (尤指記錄個(gè)人各方面細(xì)節(jié)

12、的）人口普查，人口調(diào)查，統(tǒng)計(jì)，調(diào)查，普查11. Demography: n the study of statistics such as births, deaths, income or the incidence of disease, which illustrate the changing structure of human populations. 人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)12. Industry: (1) a particular form or branch of economic or commercial activity 行業(yè) Eg. The car industry indust

13、ry 轎車(chē)業(yè) The tourist industry 旅游業(yè) The service industry 服務(wù)行業(yè)（2） economic activity concerned with the processing of raw materials and manufacture of goods in factories 工業(yè)，產(chǎn)業(yè)Industrial revolution 工業(yè)革命Industrious: adj diligent and hard-working 勤勉刻苦的，勤勞的13. Depend on/upon: (1) be controlled or determined b

14、y 視什么而定，取決于 eg. Differences in earnings depended on a wide variety of factors 收入差異是由許多因素決定的（2） rely on 依賴(lài)，依靠Eg. The kind of person you could depend on 你可以信賴(lài)的那種人Dependent/ independent: adj reliable/ unreliableDependence/ independence: n 14. Overindulge: v (1) gratify the wishes of (someone) to an exc

15、essive extent 過(guò)分放任，過(guò)分縱容Eg. His mother had overindulged him 他母親對(duì)他過(guò)于縱容（2） 【no object】have too much of something enjoyable,especially food or drink 過(guò)分沉溺于某事（尤指吃喝）Eg. It is easy to overindulge in these kinds of food. 這些食物很容易讓人吃的太多Overindulgence: n overindulgent: adj15. Consume:v (1) with object eat, drin

16、k or ingest (food or drink) 吃，喝，攝?。ㄊ澄?，飲料）Eg. People consume a good deal of sugar in drinks 人們?cè)诤蕊嬃蠒r(shí)攝入大量的糖（2） buy( goods or services) 購(gòu)買(mǎi)，消費(fèi)（商品，服務(wù)）（3） Use up ( a resource) 用完，耗盡，消耗（資源）Consumer: n consumption power Time-consuming/ time-saving: adj16. Deplete: v with object often as adj depleted reduce t

17、he number or quantity of 減少Eg. Fish stocks are severely depleted 魚(yú)的庫(kù)存量嚴(yán)重減少【no object】diminish in number or quantity 縮減Eg. Supplies are depleting fast17. Exhaust: v (1) drain someone of their physical or mental resources; tire out 使精疲力竭，使絞盡腦汁 Eg. The excessive work had exhausted herExhausting: adj it

18、 had been a long and exhausting day 那是十分漫長(zhǎng)，讓人疲憊不堪的一天（2） use up (resources or reserves) completely 耗盡（資源，儲(chǔ)備物）Eg. The country has exhausted its treasury reserves 該國(guó)財(cái)源已經(jīng)耗盡n: waste gases or air expelled from an engine, turbine, or other machine in the course of its operation 廢氣18. sb run out of sth: use

19、 up ones supply of something Eg. We have run out of petrol sth run out: (of a supply of sth) be used up 供應(yīng)品被用完，被耗盡 eg. Our food is about to run out.19. Use up: to use all of sth until no more is left 用盡，吃光Eg. Ive used up all the milk. 20. Shortage: n a state or situation in which something needed ca

20、nnot be obtained in sufficient amounts 不足，缺少Eg. a shortage of cash food shortages the problems of land shortage in the countryside21. lack: n. the state of being without or not having enough of something 缺少，缺乏Eg. The case was dismissed for lack of evidence. 因缺乏證據(jù)該案件被撤銷(xiāo) There is no lack of There is a

21、 lack of parking space in the town. V. The novel lacks imagination. She lacks in patience. Sam didnt lack for friends.22. Sufficient: adj enough, adequate 足夠的，充足的Eg. He had a small private income which was sufficient for her needs. They had sufficient resources to survive. 他們有足夠的資源可供生存Deficient: adj

22、 not having enough of a specified quality or ingredient 不足的，缺乏的 Adequate：adj satisfactory or acceptable in quality or quantity 足夠的，能滿(mǎn)足需要的adequate resources and funding 足夠的資源和資金名詞后綴：-ence -ance 性質(zhì)，狀況sufficient/sufficiency frequent/frequency fluent/fluencydeficient/deficiency proficient/proficiency ef

23、ficient/efficiencytransparent/transparency urgent/urgency emergent/emergencyabsent/absence present/presence coherent/coherencepatient/patience different/difference prominent/prominenceeminent/eminence confident/confidence apparent/apparence -ance: reliance/appearance/importance否定前綴：Insufficient/insu

24、fficiency inadequate/inadequacyInvalid/incoherent/infinite/infallible/indiscrimination/infeasibleIndifferent/invisible/incorrect/Energy exhaustion/depletion/crisis/consumption23. Measure: n a plan or course of action taken to achieve a particular purpose 辦法，措施Cost-cutting measures 降低成本的措施Take(precau

25、tionary) measures/action to do sthFeasible: practicalFamily planning/birth control one-child policy Defend/defence/defensive offend/offence/offensive24. Conserve: v protect(something especially an environmentally or culturally important place or thing) from harm or destruction 保護(hù)，保存（某事物，尤指在環(huán)境，文化方面有重

26、要意義的地方，物品）The funds raised will help conserve endangered meadowlands.Preserve: v maintain (something) in its original or existing state 保護(hù)，保養(yǎng)，維護(hù)，保全All records of the past were zealously preserved 所有的歷史記載都受到積極保護(hù)Conserve/conservation preserve/preservation reserve/reservation25. Sustainable development

27、Sustain: 形容詞后綴：-able，-ible 可的，能的Eg. available drinkable understandable Conceivable preventable unbelievable Probable changable challengeable Valuable disposable capable Desirable hospitable Intelligible accessible sensible Incredible possible visible mobile/mobility 26. alternative: adj (1)(attrib)

28、(of one or more things) available as another possibility (一或多個(gè)事物)可選擇的Eg. The various alternative methods for resolving disputes 解決爭(zhēng)端的多種選擇(2) of or relating to behaviour that is considered unconventional and is typically seen as a challenge to traditional norms 行為標(biāo)新立異的（尤指對(duì)傳統(tǒng)準(zhǔn)則構(gòu)成挑戰(zhàn)的不從習(xí)俗行為），另類(lèi)的an alter

29、native lifestyle 一種標(biāo)新立異的生活方式形容詞后綴：-tive 有傾向（性質(zhì)）的Eg. active productive talktive effective consultative Imaginative creative innovative Action production imaginationCreation innovation27. Electricity: 名詞后綴：-ity 狀態(tài) ，性質(zhì) Eg. Personality nationality individuality rationality hostile/hostility hospitable/h

30、ospitability activity creativity productivity visibility Probability possibility capability ability disability Similarity popularity familarity speciality stability28. Energy power fossil fuel 化石燃料 Petroleum (petrol) 汽油 oil石油Coal gasoline diesel oil柴油Nuclear energy radiation: n 放射性，輻射性Solar energy t

31、idal energy wind energy hydropower水能 clean energy green energy Power plant/station 發(fā)電廠(chǎng)/站 generator 發(fā)電機(jī)Turbine 渦輪機(jī) grid 輸電網(wǎng) cable 電纜Prioritize: v (亦作-ise) with obj designate or treat something as more important than other things 優(yōu)先考慮；給以?xún)?yōu)先權(quán)Eg. The department has failed to prioritize safety within the

32、oil industry 該部門(mén)沒(méi)能在石油行業(yè)把安全作為首要考慮N: priority: a thing that is regarded as more important than others 優(yōu)先考慮的事Eg. The top priority is to take priority over The safety of the country takes priority over any other matter 國(guó)家安全占有最重要的地位動(dòng)詞后綴：-ize 使成為；使變成；以的特點(diǎn)行事Eg. Computerize memorize summarize Globalize inte

33、rnationalize specialize criticize apologize urbanize modernize Generate: v (1) with obj cause (something especially an emotion or situation) to arise or come about 引發(fā)（某種情感），造成（某種情況）；使 發(fā)生Eg. The changes which are likely to generate controversy. The income generated by the sale of hand-made shoes. 動(dòng)詞后

34、綴：-ate 做，造成Eg. Differentiate originate dictate(dictation) Generate(generation) designate indicate(indication) Motivate(motivation) penetrate participate Contaminate(contamination) cultivate（cultivation） Designate: with obj (常作be designated) appoint someone to a specific position 指派，任命Eg. He was desi

35、gnated as prime minister Originate: to happen or appear for the first time in a particular place or situation 源自；產(chǎn)生；發(fā)源 (2) produce (energy,especially electricity) 產(chǎn)生能量，尤指電Generator: a machine for converting mechanical energy into electricity 發(fā)電機(jī)名詞后綴：-or -er -ist -ant(的人)worker singer walker painter

36、designer teacherfollower supporter developer helper seller dealer shopper runner swimmer writer organizer arranger driver settler maker dancerproducer consumer trader polluter visitor actor supervisor instructor director pianoist scientist violinist specialist accountant assistant inhabitant partici

37、pant consultant29. Freshwater seawater groundwater Dam : n 水壩 overpump v: 過(guò)度開(kāi)采 penetrate: v 滲入，滲透，刺入，穿過(guò)Erode: v 腐蝕，侵蝕 recharge B. Meteorology: 氣象學(xué)1. Atmosphere: n (1) the envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet （地球或其他星球周?chē)模┐髿鈱覧g. Part of the suns energy is absorbed by the earths at

38、mosphere. (2) the prevading tone or mood of a place,situation, or creative work 氣氛，環(huán)境，藝術(shù)氛圍Eg. The hotel has won commendations for its friendly, welcoming atmosphere. Creating the atmosphere of speaking English is crucial to the mastery of the language. 2. air: breathe: v breath: n bathe: v bath: nox

39、ygen: 氧氣 hydrogen: 氫氣 nitrogen: 氮?dú)?. Circulate: v move or cause to move continuously or freely through a closed system or area (使)循環(huán)，（使）環(huán)流 Circulation：n 4. Current: adj: belonging to the present time; happening or being used or done now 目前的，現(xiàn)有的，現(xiàn)行的Eg. I started my current job in 2013.Current affairs

40、 時(shí)事 current situation/eventsN: 水流，氣流 ocean currents 洋流Atmospheric/ barometric pressure 氣壓Barometer: n 氣壓計(jì)，晴雨表5. Temperature:n 溫度，氣溫Take ones temperature 給某人量體溫Thermometer: n 溫度計(jì) degree:n 度數(shù)，度 scale: n 刻度，標(biāo)度Celsius/centigrade fahrenheit 6. Weather: weather forecast/report phenomenon: n 現(xiàn)象（1）晴朗的：sunny

41、 fine clear sereneSerene：adj calm, peaceful and untroubled; tranquil 安詳?shù)模瑢庫(kù)o的 Eg. Her eyes were closed and she looked very serene. 她閉著眼看上去很平靜N: (一般作the serene) (古) 晴空，平靜的大海（2）多云的，陰天的：cloudy overcast：多云的，陰的（3）雨天的：rainy drizzle sprinkle:v/n 小雨 downpour：n 傾盆大雨 rainfall precipitation: 降水量 Drizzle：n light

42、 rain falling in very fine drops 毛毛雨，細(xì)雨Sprinkle: no obj it sprinkles, it is sprinkling : rain very lightly 北美 下稀疏小雨 it began to sprinkle. 點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴下起雨來(lái)Downpour: n a heavy fall of rain 傾盆大雨it rains cats and dogs （4） 下雪天：snowy shower flurry:n 陣雨，陣雪 blizzard:n 暴風(fēng)雪 Flurry：a flurry of snow 一陣小雪Shower：a brief

43、and usually light fall of rain, hail, sleet, or snow 陣雨；冰雹（或雨夾雪等）的一陣；陣雪Blizzard：n a severe snowstorm with high winds 暴風(fēng)雪 （5）風(fēng)：windy breeze:v/n 微風(fēng) whirlwind: 旋風(fēng) gale: 強(qiáng)風(fēng)Blow gust blast: 一陣強(qiáng)風(fēng)Typhoon: 臺(tái)風(fēng) hurricane：颶風(fēng) tornado: 龍卷風(fēng)Cyclone: 氣旋，龍卷風(fēng)A cold wind began to blow 刮起了冷風(fēng)Gust: n a brief, strong rush

44、 of wind 一陣強(qiáng)風(fēng)，一陣狂風(fēng)Breeze: a gentle wind 微風(fēng)Gale: a very strong wind 大風(fēng)，狂風(fēng)Blast：a strong gust of wind or air 一陣強(qiáng)風(fēng)，一股強(qiáng)勁的氣流;爆炸氣浪，沖擊波It was almost blowing a gale 幾乎是狂風(fēng)大作（6）霧：fog/foggy mist:n/v 薄霧 haze：霾，陰霾Smog: 霧，陰霾Mist: n a cloud of tiny water droplets suspended in the atmosphere at or near the earths s

45、urface limiting visibility(to a lesser extent than fog; strictly, with visibility remaining above 1 km) ( 能見(jiàn)度大于1公里的）薄霧，輕霧，靄Fog: a thick cloud of tiny water drouplets suspended in the atmosphere at or near the earths surface which obscures or restricts visibility ( to a greater extent than mist; stri

46、ctly, reducing visibility to below 1 km) 霧Haze：a slight obscuration of the lower atmosphere, typically caused by fine suspended particles 霾，陰霾Smog: n fog or haze intensified by smoke or other atmospheric pollutants ( 由煙或其他大氣污染物混合而成的）霧，陰霾，煙霧（7） emit：v produce and discharge ( something, especially gas

47、 or radiation) 排放，散發(fā)(尤指氣體，輻射）n: the production and discharge of something, especially gas or radiation Eg. The effects of Lead emission on health 鉛的排放對(duì)健康的影響 Cuts in carbon dioxide emissions 二氧化碳排放量的減少構(gòu)詞法：emit/emission admit/admission permit/permissionDiminish: make or become less 減少，減小，縮減，降低Abate: b

48、ecome less intense or widespread 減輕，減弱Eg. The storm suddenly abated 暴風(fēng)雨突然減弱了Curtail：(常作be curtailed) reduce in extent or quantity; impose a restriction on 在程度，數(shù)量上減少，縮減，限制Eg. Civil liberties were futher curtailed 公民自由進(jìn)一步受限制Shrink: become or make smaller in size or amount; contract or cause to contrac

49、t 變小，減少，收縮，使收縮Eg. The workforce has shrunk to less than a thousand 勞動(dòng)力減少到不足1000人構(gòu)詞法：-en 動(dòng)詞 使怎么樣,變成Less/lessen wide/widen worse/worsen light/lighten short/shorten Dark/darken sharp/sharpen broad/broaden threat/threatenlength/lengthen strength/strengthen height/heighten構(gòu)詞法：en- 動(dòng)詞 使怎么樣Large/enlarge ric

50、h/enrich power/enpower light/enlightDanger/endanger slave/enslave 構(gòu)詞法：-y 名詞+y=形容詞 稍微的。有幾分的Dust/dusty health/healthy wealth/wealthy trick/trickyTreat/treaty luck/lucky mud/muddy fog/foggy silk/silky Spice/spicy taste/tasty might/mighty risk/risky room/roomy pick/picky choose/choosy Rain/rainy wind/wi

51、ndy snow/snowy cloud/cloudy Add：add sth to sth add to add up add up to raise/rise/arise/arouseExtrme weather event: Revenge : Avenge: v with obj inflict harm in return for (an injury or wrong done to oneself or another ) 因?yàn)椋ㄊ艿絺蛟┣﹫?bào)復(fù)Retaliate: v 報(bào)復(fù)C. Ecosystem :1. Ecology: n 生態(tài)（學(xué)）Biology sociology

52、 Ecosystem: 1. Balance: n （1）an even distribution of weight enabling someone or something to remain upright and steady 平衡 Keep ones balance/lose ones balance Eg. She lost her balance and fell 她失去平衡摔到了（2） a condition in which different elements are equal or in the correct proportions 平衡；比例協(xié)調(diào)Eg. Try t

53、o keep a balance between work and relaxation 努力保持勞逸平衡（3） an apparatus for weighing, especially one with a central pivot, beam, and two scales 天平（4） （the Balance）the zodiacal sign or constellation libra 天平星座V: keep or put something in a steady position so that it does not fall 使平衡to balance work and

54、family life 協(xié)調(diào)工作和家庭生活Taint: n 污點(diǎn)，污跡，品質(zhì)惡劣的跡象V. (with obj) 常作 be tainted contaminate or pollute something 污染 eg. The air was tainted by fumes from the cars 空氣被汽車(chē)排出的廢氣所污染Contaminate：v (常作 be contaminated)make something impure by exposure to or addition of a poisonous or polluting substance 使不純，污染，弄臟，毒害Eg. The site was found