【創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)】2015屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪總復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專題突(精)

1、第二部分語(yǔ)法專題突破專題三非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞從近三年髙考來看，在對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考査中非謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)依然為考査的重點(diǎn)，并已從作狀語(yǔ)的一枝獨(dú)秀向 作定語(yǔ)或其他成分發(fā)展。測(cè)試點(diǎn)呈現(xiàn)出“情景化”和“設(shè)問 角度多樣化”的趨勢(shì)。離考必考點(diǎn) J一、作狀語(yǔ)（1）不定式作狀語(yǔ)，常表示目的、結(jié)果或原因：He hurried home only to find his money sloltn結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）To make himself heard, he raised his voice.（目的狀語(yǔ)）All of us are surprised to sec his rapid progress（原因狀語(yǔ)）The ro

2、om is comfortable to live in. These children are toonaughty to l（x）k after.注意：only to do常表示意想不到或不愉快的結(jié)果.2in order to引出的目的狀語(yǔ)可以在句首或句末，so as to只 能置于句末。3不定式置于形容詞之后作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果不定式可以和邏輯 主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成一種動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，那么不定式用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)。（2）現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)可表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、 伴隨、讓步、方式、結(jié)果：Seen from the top of the hill, the town is beautifui.（條件狀語(yǔ)）Com

3、ing into the room, he found his father angry（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）Being tired, they went on working讓步狀語(yǔ)）Having been hit by the big boy on the nose, the little boy beganto cry（原因狀語(yǔ)）He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled lookingrather pleased.（伴隨狀語(yǔ)）The rich man diedtleaving his wife a lot of money.（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）(

4、3)現(xiàn)在分詞表示自然而然的結(jié)果；不定式表示意想不到的 結(jié)果，其前常加only。試比較：More highways have been built in China, making it mucheasier for people to travel from one place to anothen中國(guó)又建了更多公路，這使得人們出行變得更加容易了。I arrived at the station in a hurry, only to find the train hadleft.我匆忙到達(dá)車站，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開走了。（4）在形容詞后作方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí)用不定式，常用主動(dòng)形式表示 被動(dòng)含義Tom

5、asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolateeasier to break into small pieces.（2011安微卷） 湯姆問糖果制造商是否可以把巧克力制作得更容易弄碎些。 注意:1非謂語(yǔ)作獨(dú)立成分的固定搭配：To tell you the truth/to be honest/to be frank, I dont like the wayhe talked.Judging from （by） his appearance he must be an actonGenerally speaking, girls a

6、re more careful.2be+過去分詞+介詞，位于句首作狀語(yǔ)或者作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，把be動(dòng)詞刪去，過去分詞充當(dāng)形容詞表狀態(tài)。Absorbed in his own work, he neglected food and sleep.The woman dressed in red is my English teachen常見的搭配有:bebased on9be dressed in. be concerned ahout be filled with, befaced with, be satisfied with, be accustomed to（習(xí)慣）,beaddicted S（沉溺

7、于），be devoted to, be known as, be determinedto do, be absorbed in（全神貫注），he lost in（陷入），besituated/located in/at（位于）等。3非謂語(yǔ)前可以加上邏輯主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格：I waiting for the bus. a bird fell on my head.All the tickets having been sold out, they went awaydisappointedly.Time permitting, well do another two exercises.4非謂

8、語(yǔ)與連詞構(gòu)成狀語(yǔ)從句的省略Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.When talking on the phone, she gave me a smile.5注意非謂語(yǔ)放句首時(shí)，邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子主語(yǔ)要一致：In order to protect our planets all kinds of pollution should bereduced.( X)In order to protect our planet we should reduce all kinds ofpollution.()

9、Cleaning the window, my finger was hurL(X)Cleaning die window, I hurt my finger.()高考體驗(yàn)1. （2013 湖南卷）_warm at nighty I would fill thewoodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I couldrefill it A StayingB StayedC To stayD Stay答案C考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.句意：為了晚上保暖，我 往火爐中添了木柴，又設(shè)置了午夜的鬧鐘以便再次添加. 此處“保暖”是“添加木柴”的目的，所以用

10、動(dòng)詞不定 式作目的狀語(yǔ)* V2 wrn2. （2013四川卷）_which university to attend, thegirl asked her teacher for advice.A. Not knowingB. Knowing notC. Not knownD. Known not答案A考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.句意：由于不知道要上哪 所大學(xué)，女孩向她的老師征求意見.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定 形式要在非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前面加not,故排除B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)；根據(jù) 句意可知主語(yǔ)the girl和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之冋為邏輯主謂關(guān)系， 故選擇認(rèn)-怡辭式.C項(xiàng)表示和主語(yǔ)之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系.（2013 湖南卷）The sun be

11、gan to rise in the sky,_the mountain in golden light.A bathedB bathingC. to have bathedD. have bathed答案B考査非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.句意：天空中太陽(yáng)開始升 起，使山脈沐浴在金色的陽(yáng)光中.the sun與bathe構(gòu)成邏 輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用wi昭形式作狀語(yǔ).bathe沐浴, 使沐浴作定語(yǔ)(1)動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)，放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后。與所修 飾詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，不定式用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)意義：I have a meeting to attend 如果不定式所修飾名詞是不定式動(dòng)作承受者，不定式用被動(dòng) 式：Hav

12、e you got anything to he sent?注意：在表示次序的詞：first, last, best和表示時(shí)間的詞time,week等以及在一些抽象名詞如chance, warning, ability,ambition, attempt, offer, decision, anxiety, way等詞后作定語(yǔ) 時(shí)常用不定式的一般式Its time to go.He is always the first one to come, the last one to go!2不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，所修飾的名詞如果是地點(diǎn)、工具 等，應(yīng)有必要的介詞。He found a good ho

13、use to live in.The child has nothing to worry about.What did you open it with?3如果不定式修飾time, place, way,可以省略介詞：He has no place to live.This is the best way to work out this problem.（2）動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)說明所修飾名詞的用途；現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，表 示所修飾名詞進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.a walking stick拐杖（動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)，意為a stick for walking）asleeping car臥鋪車

14、廂（動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)，意為a car for sleeping）the rising sun正在升起的太陽(yáng)（現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，意為（hesun which was rising）the changing world變化中的世界（現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，意為theworld which is changing）(3)現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：表示被動(dòng)、完成用過去分詞；表示被動(dòng)、進(jìn)行用being done；表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作尚未進(jìn)行用to be donee試比較：The bridge built in 2012 was designed by a local company.2 2The bridge bei

15、ng built now was designed by a localcompan y 3 3The bridge to be built next year was designed by a localcompan y 有些過去分詞是不及物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的，不表示被動(dòng)，只表示完 成。boiled water（開水）fallen leaves（落葉）the risen sun（升起的太陽(yáng)）the changed world（變了 的世界）L （2013 山東卷）The room is empty except for abookshelf_in the cornerA. standingB. t

16、o standC. standsD. stood答案A考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.句意： 除了有一個(gè)立在角 落里的書架，這個(gè)房間是空的.整個(gè)句子是主系表結(jié)構(gòu),except for abookshelf_ in the corner屬于介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，所以空格處應(yīng)是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)，并且bookshelfstand之間是主謂關(guān)系，所以選A.2. （2013四川卷）The airport_ next year will helppromote tourism in this area*A. being completed B. to be completedC. completedD. having been

17、 completed答案B考査非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.句意：明年將要完工的機(jī) 場(chǎng)會(huì)有助于促進(jìn)這一地區(qū)的旅游業(yè)發(fā)展.A項(xiàng)表示正在 進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)；B項(xiàng)表示將來的被動(dòng)；C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)表示完成 的被動(dòng).根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)next year可知表示將要被完成， 故選B項(xiàng).3. （2013 -陜西卷）The witnesses_by the police justnow gave very different descriptions of the fight.A. questionedB. being questionedC. to be questioned D. having questioned答案A|考査非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.句

18、意：警察剛剛詢問的那 些目擊者們對(duì)于打斗的描述非常不同.分析句子成分可 知主語(yǔ)是Kthe witnesses*,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是gave,而question詢問，質(zhì)疑”與the witnesses是被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 且表完成，故選A.三.作主語(yǔ)不定式作主語(yǔ)常表示某一次具體的行為。如:Collecting information about childrens health is his job.To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard 當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或者不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)常用it作形式主語(yǔ).Its no use quarrelling （1）動(dòng)名種經(jīng)It*s

19、necessary to discuss the problem with an experiencedteacher (2)常用不定式作主語(yǔ)的句型有：1 1Its difficult (important necessary) for sb to do2 2Itvs kind(good friendly polite careless rude cruel,clever, foolish brave) of sb to do.(3)常用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的句型有It9s no good (use fun) doing.Its (a) waste of time ones doing*Its wor

20、th while doing.(4)疑問詞+不定式可以在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。Where to build the factory hasnt been decided.He told us what to do.高考體驗(yàn)1. (2013 福建卷)_basic first-aid techniques willhelp you respond quickly to emergencies.A KnownB. Having knownC. KnowingD Being known答案C考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.句意：知道基本的急救技術(shù) 將會(huì)霜助你對(duì)緊急情況快速作出反應(yīng).由句式分析可知本 句缺少主語(yǔ)，且

21、不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的時(shí)間對(duì)比及被動(dòng)，故用動(dòng)名 詞的一般形式作主語(yǔ)2. (2012 -浙江卷)No matter how bright a talker you are,there are times when its better_ silent.A remainB. be remainingC having remainedD. to remain答案D考査非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.句意：不管你多么能吉善辯, 但有時(shí)候還是保持沉默更好.該題考查it is*形容詞+to do sthn這一句型，句中to remain silent保持沉默” 是真正的主語(yǔ)，it是形式主語(yǔ)3. (2()11上海卷)Its no use

22、_ without taking anyaction.A. complainB. complainingC. being complained I), to be complained答案B|句意：只抱怨而不采取行動(dòng)是沒用的.在ait*s no usedoing*結(jié)構(gòu)中，ing形式作真正主語(yǔ).、作賓語(yǔ)(1)下列動(dòng)詞跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)want, wish, hope, expect ask, pretends care, decidehappen long* offer, refuse fail, plan, prepare, order, cause,afford heg manage agree

23、, promise等。注意：如果作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式后面有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)， 要用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，置于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的后面，而將動(dòng)詞不 定式放到賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)后面.They found it hard to learn English.Dont you think it better to translate it this way?廠(2)在下列動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)：enjoy, finish, suggest avoid, excuse, delay imagine keep, miss,appreciate be busy, be worthy feel lik匕caift stands ca

24、nt help,think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent(from), keepfrom,stop.(fromh protect.fronb set about, be engaged in? he used to,look forward to9object to, pay attention to, insist on等。在以下句型中in可以省略，其后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。Have difTiculty/trouble/problem (in) doing sthThere is no point/good/use (in) doing sthSpend t

25、ime/money (in) doing sth(3)在forget remember, stop, regret try, mean等動(dòng)詞后跟不定式與動(dòng)名詞意義不同，不定式表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后的 動(dòng)作，而動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。I regret to tell you that I canft go to your birthday party.They regretted agreeing to the plan.He tried to pretend to share in the pleasure with his friend.She tried reading a nove

26、l* but that couldnt make her forget hersorrow.I didnt mean to hurt you.A friend indeed means helping others for nothing in return.(4)動(dòng)名詞作need, want* require be worth的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，用 主動(dòng)式代替被動(dòng)式。The washing-machine needs repairing(或用:needs to be repaired)這臺(tái)洗衣機(jī)需要修理。This English novel is worth reading.這本英文小說值得一讀。高考

27、體驗(yàn)1. （2012 北京卷） Onc learns a language by making mistakes andthem.A. correctsB. correctC. to correctD. correcting答案D考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.句意：人通過犯錯(cuò)誤并改 正錯(cuò)誤來學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)盲.題線處與句中的making并列，故D項(xiàng)正確.2. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents Shetried_alone, but she didnt like it and moved backhome.A.livingB. to liveC to be li

28、vingD having lived答案A trj doing sth意為試著作某事；try to do Hh意為“盡力去作某事”句意：蘇妬不想依賴父母. 她試著一個(gè)人生活，但不喜歡這樣，又搬回家去了3. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of privatecars_ road conditions need_ A that, to be improvedB. which to be improvedC. where, improvingD wheiif improving答案A因?yàn)椤肮窢顩r需要改善” ,“rwecT后接“

29、improving或“ to be improved都可以.后面的從句應(yīng)是problem”的同位語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用that”引導(dǎo).三、作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(1)以下動(dòng)詞后跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):ask9 tell, beg allow want like, hate force, invitetpersuade advise order, cause encourage wait for, callon, permit forbidThe doctor advised him to stay in bed for another few days.We wish him to remain and accept

30、the post.(注意hope后 不跟不定式作賓補(bǔ).)(2)有些動(dòng)詞后的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)用不帶“S “的不定式，這些 動(dòng)詞有感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, look at notice hear, listen to. feel,observe,和使役動(dòng)詞make, let, have等。We noticed him enter the house.The boss made them work twelve hours a day.但改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不定式要加 s。I saw him cross the road.He was seen to cross the road.這些感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞除

31、了可以用省略了h）的不定式作賓 補(bǔ)還可以用現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，要看與賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系。We heard him sing the whole song.我們聽到他唱了整首歌。舎 WEheard him singing the song when we came in.當(dāng)我們進(jìn)來的時(shí)候，聽見他正唱那首歌。We have heard the song sung twice.我們聽過這首歌唱過兩遍了。注意：have/get sth done結(jié)構(gòu)中，done的動(dòng)作不是句子的 主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)去作的，而是另外的人去作的I have had my hair cut.make+oneself去分詞（作賓補(bǔ)）表示讓

32、某事由別人去作, 這些過去分詞有heard, known, understood, noticed, believed等Youd better make vourself understood There was such a noise that he couldift make himself heard.高考體驗(yàn)1 （2013 陜西卷）I,et those in need_that we will goall out to help them.A. to understandB. understandC. understandingD. understood答案B考査非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.句意：讓

33、那些需要幫助的 人們明白，我們會(huì)竭盡全力去幫助他們股意思是“使, 讓， 用法畏Mlet sbdo sthzS in needjtthose的后置定語(yǔ)，故選B. 12. （2013北京卷）Wlwn we saw the road_ with snow,we decided to spend the holiday at home.A. blockB to blockC. blockingD. blocked答案I）I考査非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.句意： 當(dāng)我們看到道路被 雪阻斷了時(shí)，我們決定在家度假.口訛和block之間是被 動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用block的過去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ).g 作表語(yǔ)（1）不定式、動(dòng)名詞與分詞作

34、表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。不定式和動(dòng)名 詞作表語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞作表語(yǔ)，含義是回答主語(yǔ)“是 什么”:分詞作表語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于形容詞作表語(yǔ)，含義是回答 主語(yǔ)“怎么樣”。Our plan is to keep the affair secrete我們的計(jì)劃是讓這件事成為秘密。Their job is making wheelchairs for disabled people.他們的工作是為殘疾人制造輪椅。The music they are playing sounds exciting.他們演奏的音樂聽起來令人激動(dòng)。This beautiful village remains unknown to the rest

35、of theworld.這個(gè)美麗的村莊仍未被外界所知。嚴(yán)（2）現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別?，F(xiàn)在分詞和過去分 詞作表語(yǔ)都是用于回答主語(yǔ)“怎么樣”的?，F(xiàn)在分詞說明主 語(yǔ)的特征，過去分詞說明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)。This dog is frifihtening.S條狗讓人害怕。 （說明狗的特征）This dogis frightened.條狗有些害怕。（說明狗的心理狀態(tài)）Climbing istiring and we are completely tired after a days climbing 爬山是累人的， 爬了一天的山我們?nèi)祭蹓牧?。（tiring說明climbing的特征，tired說明我

36、們的狀態(tài)）L （2013 -重慶卷）The engine just wont start. Somethingseems_ wrong with it.A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone答案B考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.句意：發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)啟動(dòng)不了了， 它好像出問題了.動(dòng)詞seem后常接動(dòng)詞不定式，因此C、D兩項(xiàng)不正確.由句意可知，妙這一動(dòng)作在shirt之前發(fā)生, 故選B.2. （2011 上海卷）Today we have chat rooms, text messaging,emailing. but we seem_ the art of commun

37、icatingface-to-face.A losingB. to be losingC. to be lostD. having lost答案B【考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作表語(yǔ).句意：現(xiàn)在我們有 聊天室，能傳遞文本信息，還可以發(fā)電子郵件但是 我們似乎正在失去面對(duì)面交流的技能.seem后通常用動(dòng) 詞不定式，排除A和D兩項(xiàng)；此處非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后有名詞短 語(yǔ)the art of communicatingface-to-face作其賓語(yǔ)，所以 排除C項(xiàng)（被動(dòng)形式），故選B.【考IS錯(cuò)點(diǎn)一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式意義不定式般式：iodo與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后進(jìn)行式:to be doing謂語(yǔ)發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式表示 的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行完成式：to have done發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前動(dòng)詞-ing形式一般式：doing與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)詞 同時(shí)發(fā)生完