rip van winkle

1、 教本四班 0401100406 翟亞楠Washington Irving Occupation :American author, short story writer, essayist, poet, travel book writer, biographer, and columnist. A History of New Yoke The Sketch Book The Legend of Sleepy Hollow Rip Van Winkle signature:華盛頓歐文 1783年，出生在紐約的一個富人家庭，從小喜歡看魯濱遜漂流記、格列佛游記這種歷險故事，還常常鉆到劇院里去看

2、戲。 1802年，19歲的歐文在早晨紀事報上發(fā)表了幾篇書信體散文，嶄露頭角。后來他因病赴歐洲休養(yǎng)，游歷了法國、英國和意大利，作了大量旅途筆記，為以后的創(chuàng)作積累了豐富的素材。 1809年，他的第一部作品紐約外史（A History of New York）以“迪德里希尼克博克”的筆名出版。成為紐約文壇風(fēng)靡一時的人物。1815年，再度赴英。他游遍英國的名勝古跡，懷著對英國古老文明的仰慕和對從前資本主義社會的向往，寫出了著名的見聞札記（A Sketch Book）和風(fēng)格類似的布雷斯勃列奇田莊。1826年，歐文到西班牙搜集了許多有關(guān)哥倫布的珍貴資料，游歷了格拉納達的名勝，并在阿爾罕伯拉宮逗留了將近三個

3、月。這一切激起了他對研究西班牙歷史的興趣。1929年前后，他寫了三部有關(guān)西班牙的著作：哥倫布傳、攻克格拉納達和阿爾罕伯拉。在這些作品中，歐文以講故事的形式，揭露了統(tǒng)治階級的驕奢淫逸，歌頌了摩爾人為追求自由幸福而進行的斗爭。寫了阿爾罕伯拉之后，歐文的創(chuàng)作熱情便衰退了。The palace Alhambra, where Irving briefly resided in 1829, inspired one of his most colorful books.T1832年，回到美國，在哈德遜河畔“睡谷”（Sleep Hollow）附近定居。除了當(dāng)過4年美國駐西班牙公使外，絕大部分在所“朝陽”（

4、Sunnyside）的著名住宅里度過。1859年11月28日，與世長辭。美國人民為了懷念這位在文學(xué)方面做出突出貢獻的作家，在紐約下半旗致哀，而歐文的許多優(yōu)秀作品則被人們傳誦至今，成為珍貴的文學(xué)遺產(chǎn)。他本人更被尊為“美國文學(xué)之父”。 Washington Irving, postage stamp,1940Irving acquired his famous home in Tarrytown, New York, known as Sunnyside, in 1835.Irvings grave, marked by a flag, in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, Sle

5、epy Hollow, New York.成就美國第一位作家美國第一位作家：美國第一位能以賣文為生的專業(yè)作家；美國文學(xué)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的民族英雄，成為揚名大西洋彼岸的美國人。為后世做了榜樣。新世界派往舊世界的使者新世界派往舊世界的使者：主要指他作為文學(xué)使者發(fā)揮的作用。美國文學(xué)之父美國文學(xué)之父：1809年至內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的幾十年間，是美國文壇的中心人物，受到廣大讀者和同行的愛戴和推崇。有長者風(fēng)度，曾把寫作題材讓與一位青年作家，曾督促著名出版商出版麥爾維爾的處女作泰比。美國短篇小說作為一種文學(xué)體裁始于他的見聞札記，它也象征著美國浪漫主義文學(xué)運動的開端。他的短篇中的新題材新形態(tài)，新技巧喚起了霍桑坡麥爾維爾及后來的鄉(xiāng)土作

6、家的創(chuàng)作欲和創(chuàng)作靈感。 The story of Rip Van Winkle is set in the years before and after the American Revolutionary War. In a pleasant village, at the foot of New Yorks Catskill Mountains, lives the kindly Rip Van Winkle, a colonial British-American villager of Dutch descent. Rip is an amiable man who enjoys so

7、litary activities in the wilderness, but is also loved by all in townespecially the children to whom he tells stories and give toys. However, a tendency to avoid all gainful labor, for which his nagging wife (Dame Van Winkle) chastises him, allows his home and farm to fall into disarray due to his l

8、azy neglect.Rip Van Winkle One autumn day, Rip is escaping his wifes nagging, wandering up the mountains with his dog, Wolf. Hearing his name being shouted, Rip discovers that the speaker is a man dressed in antiquated Dutch clothing, carrying a keg up the mountain, who requires Rips help. Without e

9、xchanging words, the two hike up to an amphitheatre-like hollow in which Rip discovers the source of previously-heard thunderous noises: there is a group of other ornately-dressed, silent, bearded men who are playing nine-pins. Although there is no conversation and Rip does not ask the men who they

10、are or how they know his name, he discreetly begins to drink some of their liquor, and soon falls asleep. He awakes in unusual circumstances: It seems to be morning, his gun is rotted and rusty, his beard has grown a foot long, and Wolf is nowhere to be found. Rip returns to his village where he fin

11、ds that he recognizes no one. Asking around, he discovers that his wife has died and that his close friends have died in a war or gone somewhere else. He immediately gets into trouble when he proclaims himself a loyal subject of King George III, not knowing that the American Revolution has taken pla

12、ce; George IIIs portrait on the town inn has been replaced by that of George Washington. Rip is also disturbed to find another man is being called Rip Van Winkle (though this is in fact his son, who has now grown up). The men he met in the mountains, Rip learns, are rumored to be the ghosts of Hendr

13、ick (Henry) Hudsons crew. Rip is told that he has apparently been away from the village for twenty years. An old local recognizes Rip and Rips now-adult daughter takes him in. Rip resumes his habitual idleness, and his tale is solemnly taken to heart by the Dutch settlers, with other hen-pecked husb

14、ands, after hearing his story, wishing they could share in Rips good luck, and have the luxury of sleeping through the hardships of war. Statue of Rip van Winkle in Irvington, New York, not far from Sunnyside, the home of Washington IrvingRip Van Winkle瑞普在 20年長睡前 ,逃避家庭責(zé)任 ,厭惡農(nóng)田里的農(nóng)作 ,整日在村子的酒館打發(fā)時光或在山林里

15、蕩來蕩去 ,但卻對別人家的事情古道熱腸 ,有求必應(yīng) ,為此 頗得大家的喜歡?！癟he great error in Rip s composition was an insuperable aversion to all kinds of profitable labor . ” “ In a word.Rip was ready to attend to anybody s business but his own; but as to doing family duty and keeping his farm inorder, he found it impossible. ” 表明瑞普

16、并不是完全厭惡勞動 ,他本人的態(tài)度是這樣的:“In fact, he declared it was of no use to work on his farm; it was the most pestilent little piece of ground in the whole country;everything about it went wrong, and would go wrong, in spite of him. ” 這與當(dāng)時統(tǒng)治人們思想的清教主義思想是格格不入的。清教主義提倡人們辛勤簡樸,勞動發(fā)家。于是大多數(shù)人成了生活的奴仆,每日為生活所累,無法享受生活。瑞普則不同,

17、他希望能“瀟灑過日”只要有東西能充饑,“面包管他黑白,只要能最省心最簡便獲得即可”他對家人的生活不聞不問他對家人的生活不聞不問 ,對孩子疏于管教對孩子疏于管教 ,缺少關(guān)愛缺少關(guān)愛 .“His children, too, were as ragged and wild as if they belonged to nobody . His son Rip, an unchin begotten in his own likeness, promised to inherit the habits, with the old clothes of his father . 通過這些描寫通過這些描

18、寫 ,不難看出瑞普顯然是一個逃避家庭責(zé)任不難看出瑞普顯然是一個逃避家庭責(zé)任 ,無憂無慮無憂無慮 ,以以自我為中心而且我行我素的人物。他對現(xiàn)實生活總是一再逃避自我為中心而且我行我素的人物。他對現(xiàn)實生活總是一再逃避 ,有明有明顯遁世的傾向顯遁世的傾向 ,這也是作者逃避社會現(xiàn)實的態(tài)度。這也是作者逃避社會現(xiàn)實的態(tài)度。Fred Mednick 認為認為:“Rip Van Winkle has been seen as asymbol of several aspects of America. Rip like America, is immature, self - centered, careles

19、s, imaginative, and jolly as the overgrowing . ”瑞普的瑞普的 20 20年長睡更具有戲劇性的意義年長睡更具有戲劇性的意義 , ,在這在這 20 20年里美國獨立戰(zhàn)爭勝利年里美國獨立戰(zhàn)爭勝利 , ,脫脫離英國的殖民統(tǒng)治而成為一個政治、離英國的殖民統(tǒng)治而成為一個政治、 經(jīng)濟、經(jīng)濟、 文化各方面獨立的新國家文化各方面獨立的新國家 , ,社社會生活發(fā)生了天翻地覆的變化。獨立戰(zhàn)爭前和平、會生活發(fā)生了天翻地覆的變化。獨立戰(zhàn)爭前和平、 安寧的生活秩序蕩然無安寧的生活秩序蕩然無存存 , ,獨立戰(zhàn)爭后共和黨與民主黨獨立戰(zhàn)爭后共和黨與民主黨 ( Federal pa

20、rty and Democratic praty) ( Federal party and Democratic praty)爭權(quán)奪利爭權(quán)奪利 , ,人們忙忙碌碌、人們忙忙碌碌、 社會喧鬧不堪。在這一背景下社會喧鬧不堪。在這一背景下 , ,歐文卻讓主人公歐文卻讓主人公瑞普長睡瑞普長睡 20 20年后醒來年后醒來 , ,又走進這樣一個發(fā)生了巨變的社會又走進這樣一個發(fā)生了巨變的社會 , ,看到的和聽到看到的和聽到的都是他過去不熟悉的事情。于是的都是他過去不熟悉的事情。于是 , ,瑞普就有了一種置身喧鬧的人群卻非常瑞普就有了一種置身喧鬧的人群卻非常孤獨的感覺孤獨的感覺 , ,一切都似乎與他格格不入一

21、切都似乎與他格格不入 , ,人們也幾乎把他忘卻人們也幾乎把他忘卻 , ,在這里在這里 , ,通過對瑞普醒來后所見所聞的描寫通過對瑞普醒來后所見所聞的描寫 , ,歐文不喜歡現(xiàn)在的懷舊情緒強烈歐文不喜歡現(xiàn)在的懷舊情緒強烈地表現(xiàn)出來。地表現(xiàn)出來。 神夢一夜間，人世二十年！神夢一夜間，人世二十年！瑞普回到村子瑞普回到村子 , ,看到發(fā)生了巨變的村莊后看到發(fā)生了巨變的村莊后 , ,眼前的一切都使他感到十分陌生。眼前的一切都使他感到十分陌生。因為因為 , ,他自以為只不過是昨天才離開村子的。他自以為只不過是昨天才離開村子的。The very village was The very village was

22、 altered;it was larger andmore populous . There were rows of houses altered;it was larger andmore populous . There were rows of houses which he hadnever seen before, and those which had been his which he hadnever seen before, and those which had been his familiar haunts had disappeared.Strange names

23、 were overfamiliar haunts had disappeared.Strange names were over the doors the doors - strange faces at the windows - everything was- strange faces at the windows - everything was strangestrange 而家的變化更讓瑞普感到驚而家的變化更讓瑞普感到驚呀。呀。He entered the house, which, to tell the truth,Dame Van Winkle had always ke

24、pt in neat order . It was empty, forlorn, and apparently abandoned.This desolateness overcome all his connubial fears -the lonely chambers rang for amomentn with his voice, and then all again was silence. 村莊的變化、村莊的變化、 家的變化使瑞普在對過去的追尋與回憶過家的變化使瑞普在對過去的追尋與回憶過程中程中 ,內(nèi)心油然生出一種憂傷與凄涼。但是內(nèi)心油然生出一種憂傷與凄涼。但是 ,讓瑞普更為困

25、讓瑞普更為困惑的是這樣一些變化惑的是這樣一些變化 ,原來的旅店被原來的旅店被“ 聯(lián)合旅店聯(lián)合旅店 ” 所代替所代替 ,一向為那家小旅店遮蔭蔽涼的大樹被光禿禿的桿子所代一向為那家小旅店遮蔭蔽涼的大樹被光禿禿的桿子所代替替 ,而且村子上頂著一頂像是而且村子上頂著一頂像是“ 紅睡帽紅睡帽 ” 似的東西似的東西 ,旅店里旅店里面飄出來一面旗子面飄出來一面旗子 ,旗子上有一些星星和條紋很奇特地湊旗子上有一些星星和條紋很奇特地湊在一起的圖形在一起的圖形 .所有這一切都那么奇怪和不可理解。招牌所有這一切都那么奇怪和不可理解。招牌上先前的喬治國王的畫像變成了華盛頓將軍的畫像。人們上先前的喬治國王的畫像變成了華

26、盛頓將軍的畫像。人們議論著公民的權(quán)利議論著公民的權(quán)利 .選舉選舉.國會議員國會議員 ,自由自由 如此等等。這些如此等等。這些名詞對于不知所措的凡名詞對于不知所措的凡 溫克爾來說溫克爾來說 ,完全是莫名其完全是莫名其妙。瑞普又扛著銹跡斑斑的獵槍去了選舉的現(xiàn)場瑞普又扛著銹跡斑斑的獵槍去了選舉的現(xiàn)場 , ,有人問他有人問他: :“W Whether he was Federal or Democrat?”“Rip was equally at a loss to comprehend the question ” 接著瑞普就向人們打聽昔日舊友、接著瑞普就向人們打聽昔日舊友、 鄰居等過去的熟人。當(dāng)聽見

27、家鄉(xiāng)舊友的變故時鄰居等過去的熟人。當(dāng)聽見家鄉(xiāng)舊友的變故時 , ,瑞普覺得自己在這個瑞普覺得自己在這個世界上很孤獨世界上很孤獨 , ,心中倍感凄涼。當(dāng)有人追問瑞普叫什么名字的時候心中倍感凄涼。當(dāng)有人追問瑞普叫什么名字的時候 , ,瑞普說瑞普說: : “God knows, ” exclaimed he, at his wit s end:“I m not myself -I m somebody else - that s meyonder - no - that s somebody else got into my shoes-I was myself last night, but I f

28、ell asleep on themountain, and they ve changed my gun, and every2thing s changed, and Im changed, and I can t telwhat smy name, orwho I am!”瑞普脫離了主流瑞普脫離了主流社會社會 , ,對眼前的一切不知所措對眼前的一切不知所措 , ,他所熟悉的只有過去他所熟悉的只有過去 , ,于是于是 , ,他只好他只好去追尋去追尋 20 20年長睡前的人和事。年長睡前的人和事。通過對瑞普從追尋過去的家、通過對瑞普從追尋過去的家、 過去的小酒館到尋找昔日鄰居、過去的小酒館到

29、尋找昔日鄰居、 舊友舊友的一系列活動的具體描寫的一系列活動的具體描寫 , ,歐文喜歡過去、歐文喜歡過去、 喜歡夢境的懷舊心理表喜歡夢境的懷舊心理表露無遺。同時露無遺。同時 , ,還表明歐文不喜歡變革的保守態(tài)度還表明歐文不喜歡變革的保守態(tài)度 , ,即從心理上不接即從心理上不接受獨立戰(zhàn)爭后的美國社會。受獨立戰(zhàn)爭后的美國社會。有評論認為有評論認為: :“The story might be taken as an illustration of Irving s argument that change - and revolution - upset the natural order of th

30、ings, and of the fact that Irving never seemed to accept a modern democratic America. ”其實這也反映了當(dāng)時一部分人特別是老一代對過去和未來的矛盾心理。其實這也反映了當(dāng)時一部分人特別是老一代對過去和未來的矛盾心理。他們還懷念著英國殖民統(tǒng)治的過去，因為那是他們長期經(jīng)歷的生活，他們還懷念著英國殖民統(tǒng)治的過去，因為那是他們長期經(jīng)歷的生活，有一種安全感。而獨立后美國的未來卻是未知的，不定的，全新的，有一種安全感。而獨立后美國的未來卻是未知的，不定的，全新的，他們不能理解，無法適應(yīng)，只好像他們不能理解，無法適應(yīng)，只好像r

31、ip一樣置身事外。一樣置身事外。Dame Van Winkle virago As a villain, she makes Rip Van Winkles image of a “simple, good- ed man” more clear.Dame van winkle is a typical hellcat according to the description in the story.She always taxes with her husband volubly and acting very shrewish. Form the description of Rip a

32、s “a kind neighbor, and a husband who obeyed his wife” in the beginning if the story, we can see that in rips family, the person who role the roast is Dame Van Winkle and she controls her husband with her power. With this description, our first expression of Mrs. Winkle is that she is a domineering

33、woman. When we read the sentence:” her tongue was endlessly going. Everything he said or did was sure to produce more angry talk.” we can get the image that Dame Van winkle is sharp-tongued and fractious. As the development of the plot, the author portrayed a picture that Mrs. Winkle break into the

34、club to blame all the people about their worthlessness and idleness. brave and hardworkingThe story tells us that rip is a kind and easy-going man, when his wife blames him, he shrugged his shoulders,shook hishead,cast . At the same time, the author also write that “Rip Van Winkle had one great faul

35、t; he disliked-indeed, he hated-any kind of profitable labour.” The condition of his farm is worse than any of his neighbors but rip is still wondering in the woods or lazing away with the people in the club instead of doing farm work. It means that as a man who should work and earn money to support

36、 his family, rip is a total failure. Then we will ask who is working to take care of the family? Of cause the answer is dame van winkle. Since the husband never takes his responsibility, the wife has to go out working like a man, do the entire house work and bring up the children. In the story when

37、rip got back to his village, there is a sentence: “He entered the ruins of the house, which, to tell the truth, Dame Van Winkle had always kept in good order.” This means that Mrs. Winkle is a good housewife. 凡凡 溫克爾太太是瑞普離家出走、溫克爾太太是瑞普離家出走、 逃避現(xiàn)實的根源之一逃避現(xiàn)實的根源之一 ,具具有象征性的意義有象征性的意義 ,很顯然很顯然 ,她體現(xiàn)著美國社會風(fēng)行的統(tǒng)一價值

38、她體現(xiàn)著美國社會風(fēng)行的統(tǒng)一價值觀。而抱殘守缺、觀。而抱殘守缺、 因循守舊的生活方式使瑞普感到窒息。因循守舊的生活方式使瑞普感到窒息。 “ 尋求某種理想尋求某種理想 ”成為瑞普深層的心理要求成為瑞普深層的心理要求 ,這也在客觀上反這也在客觀上反映出美國這個國家和民族的歷史經(jīng)歷。映出美國這個國家和民族的歷史經(jīng)歷。Fred Mednick認為認為“The Dame is another symbol of puritanical disciplineand the work ethic of Franklin. ”瑞普的逃避瑞普的逃避 ,主主觀上有其自身的原因觀上有其自身的原因;客觀上有社會價值觀的

39、原因。它從一個客觀上有社會價值觀的原因。它從一個側(cè)面反映出人類逃出苦海、側(cè)面反映出人類逃出苦海、 銷聲匿跡的深層心理傾向及留戀銷聲匿跡的深層心理傾向及留戀美好的過去、拒絕變化與改革的普遍性心理傾向。美好的過去、拒絕變化與改革的普遍性心理傾向。 即保守的即保守的思想思想。rip之所以對自己家事和別人家事由截然不同的態(tài)度。因為他厭惡沒有自之所以對自己家事和別人家事由截然不同的態(tài)度。因為他厭惡沒有自由的專政。希望擺脫生活的奴役，求得一種生活上的解放。在村子里他由的專政。希望擺脫生活的奴役，求得一種生活上的解放。在村子里他似乎找不到一個安靜的地方來排解內(nèi)心的壓抑，即使在村口小酒館前的似乎找不到一個安靜

40、的地方來排解內(nèi)心的壓抑，即使在村口小酒館前的大樹下的閑聊也往往因為妻子的突然闖入使得輕松的氣氛瞬間凝固。歐大樹下的閑聊也往往因為妻子的突然闖入使得輕松的氣氛瞬間凝固。歐文在此表明了英國殖民者對當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裾挝幕穆訆Z摧殘。文在此表明了英國殖民者對當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裾挝幕穆訆Z摧殘。sexual prejudice First, the name of Mrs. Winkle is ironical. The word “dame” is a title for noble women but Mrs. Winkle is just a countrywoman who has no connection with a noble woman. The author here is using this word to show his sarcasm of women. Second, the reason for us to take Mrs. Winkle as a virago is that the adjectives and sentences that used by the author to describe Dam