電力電子技術1

1、Energy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao College of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou UniversityDr. Mao Xing-kuiCollege of Electrical&Automation Engineering, Fuzhou University2022/1/42022/1/4電力電子技術電力電子技術Power Electronic TechnologyEnergy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy

2、Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University輸入輸入輸出輸出 采樣采樣控制控制驅動驅動電力電子系統框圖電力電子系統框圖Energy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University功率二極管及整流模塊功率二極管及整流模塊Energy Systems 4-Jan-22

3、Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University電導調制效應電導調制效應PNUiRload空間電空間電荷區(qū)荷區(qū)EiEnergy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University快恢復二極管的快恢復二極管的trrtrrTrr=td+tfTrr=td

4、+tfSr=tf/tdSr=tf/tdEnergy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University不同二極管不同二極管V-AV-A比較比較Energy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University螺栓型晶閘

5、管晶閘管模塊平板型晶閘管外形及結構晶 閘 管Energy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University晶閘管的雙晶體管模型及其工作原理晶閘管的雙晶體管模型及其工作原理a) a) 雙晶體管模型雙晶體管模型 b) b) 工作原理工作原理Energy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrica

6、l Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University晶閘管的伏安特性晶閘管的伏安特性IG2IG1IGEnergy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University晶閘管的開通和關斷過程波形Energy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng.

7、&Automation of Fuzhou Universitym0mT(AV)1)(sin21IttdIIm02mT21)()sin(21ItdtII57. 1)T(AVTfIIKKf為波形系數Energy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University雙向晶閘管的電氣圖形符號和伏安特性雙向晶閘管的電氣圖形符號和伏安特性Energy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy

8、 Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University逆導晶閘管的電氣圖形符號和伏安特性逆導晶閘管的電氣圖形符號和伏安特性Energy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University光控晶閘管的電氣圖形符號和伏安特性光控晶閘管的電氣圖形符號和伏安特性Energy Syste

9、ms 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou UniversityEnergy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou Universityc)圖1-13AGKGGKN1P1N2N2P2b)a)AGKGTO的內部結構和電氣圖形符號的內部結構和電氣圖形符

10、號Energy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou UniversityGTO的開通和關斷過程電流波形的開通和關斷過程電流波形Energy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University0 0UAK/UT1T2IAKS

11、CR、TRIAC、GTOEnergy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou UniversityGTR的結構、電氣圖形符號和內部載流子的流動的結構、電氣圖形符號和內部載流子的流動Energy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou U

12、niversity共發(fā)射極接法時共發(fā)射極接法時GTR的輸出特性的輸出特性Energy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou UniversityGTR的開通和關斷過程電流波形的開通和關斷過程電流波形Energy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation o

13、f Fuzhou UniversityBecker clampEnergy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou UniversityGTR SOA Energy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou UniversityN+GSD

14、P溝道b)N+N-SGDPPN+N+N+溝道a)GSDN溝道圖1-19電力電力MOSFET的結構和電氣圖形符號的結構和電氣圖形符號Energy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou UniversityN+GSDP 溝道b)N+N-SGDPPN+N+N+溝道a)GSDN 溝道圖1-19Energy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Dep

15、artment of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou UniversityEnergy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou UniversityEnergy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation o

16、f Fuzhou University電力電力MOSFET的開關過程的開關過程Energy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University電力電力MOSFET的轉移特性和輸出特性的轉移特性和輸出特性Energy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automa

17、tion of Fuzhou UniversityEnergy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou UniversityEnergy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou UniversityEnergy Systems 4-Ja

18、n-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou UniversitySOA of Infineon IPW60R099Energy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou UniversityGate charge characteristic of Infineon

19、 IPW60R099Energy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou UniversityugsuDSEnergy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou UniversityP PEnergy Systems 4-Jan-22 D

20、elta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou UniversityIGBT的轉移特性和輸出特性Energy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou UniversityIGBT的開關過程Energy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems通態(tài)

21、損耗通態(tài)損耗是器件功率損耗的主要成因。器件開關頻率較高時，開關損耗開關損耗可能成為器件功率損耗的主要 因素。主要損耗通態(tài)損耗斷態(tài)損耗開關損耗關斷損耗開通損耗 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University電力電子器件的損耗電力電子器件的損耗Energy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou Un

22、iversity1.6 其他新型電力電子器件（其他新型電力電子器件（復合復合）Energy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou UniversityMCT為為MOSFET與晶閘管的復合：與晶閘管的復合： 承受極高承受極高di/dt和和du/dt，快速的開關過程，開關損耗小。快速的開關過程，開關損耗小。 高電壓，大電流、高載流密度，低導通壓降。高電壓，大電流、高載流密度，低導通壓降。 關鍵技術問題沒有大的突破，電

23、壓和電流容量都遠未達到預關鍵技術問題沒有大的突破，電壓和電流容量都遠未達到預 期的數值，未能投入實際應用。期的數值，未能投入實際應用。Energy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University優(yōu)點優(yōu)點: 工作頻率與電力工作頻率與電力MOSFET相當，甚至更高，功率容量更大，相當，甚至更高，功率容量更大， 因而適用于高頻大功率場合。因而適用于高頻大功率場合。 在雷達通信設備、超聲波功率放大、脈沖功率放

24、大和高頻感在雷達通信設備、超聲波功率放大、脈沖功率放大和高頻感 應加熱等領域獲得應用。應加熱等領域獲得應用。缺點：缺點： 柵極不加信號時導通，加負偏壓時關斷，稱為正常導通型器柵極不加信號時導通，加負偏壓時關斷，稱為正常導通型器 件，使用不太方便。件，使用不太方便。 通態(tài)電阻較大，通態(tài)損耗也大，因而還未在大多數電力電子通態(tài)電阻較大，通態(tài)損耗也大，因而還未在大多數電力電子 設備中得到廣泛應用。設備中得到廣泛應用。Energy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &a

25、mp;Automation of Fuzhou UniversitySITH是兩種載流子導電的雙極型器件，具有是兩種載流子導電的雙極型器件，具有電導調制效應電導調制效應，通態(tài)壓降低、通流能力強。通態(tài)壓降低、通流能力強。其很多特性與其很多特性與GTO類似，但開關速度比類似，但開關速度比GTO高得多，是大容高得多，是大容量的快速器件。量的快速器件。 SITH一般也是正常導通型，但也有正常關斷型。此外，電流一般也是正常導通型，但也有正常關斷型。此外，電流關斷增益較小，因而其應用范圍還有待拓展。關斷增益較小，因而其應用范圍還有待拓展。Energy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Ener

26、gy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University20世紀世紀90年代后期出現，結合了年代后期出現，結合了IGBT與與GTO的優(yōu)點，容的優(yōu)點，容量與量與GTO相當，開關速度快相當，開關速度快10倍。倍?？墒∪タ墒∪TO復雜的緩沖電路，但驅動功率仍很大。復雜的緩沖電路，但驅動功率仍很大。目前正在與目前正在與IGBT等新型器件激烈競爭，試圖最終取代等新型器件激烈競爭，試圖最終取代GTO在大功率場合的位置。在大功率場合的位置。Energy Systems 4-J

27、an-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University將多個器件封裝在一個模塊中，稱為功率模塊。將多個器件封裝在一個模塊中，稱為功率模塊。可縮小裝置體積，降低成本，提高可靠性?？煽s小裝置體積，降低成本，提高可靠性。對工作頻率高的電路，可大大減小線路電感，從而簡化對對工作頻率高的電路，可大大減小線路電感，從而簡化對保護和緩沖電路的要求。保護和緩沖電路的要求。將器件與邏輯、控制、保護、傳感、檢測、自診斷等信息將器件與邏輯、控制、保護、

28、傳感、檢測、自診斷等信息電子電路制作在同一芯片上，稱為功率集成電路（電子電路制作在同一芯片上，稱為功率集成電路（Power Integrated CircuitPIC）。）。Energy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University1.7 電力電子器件器件的驅動電力電子器件器件的驅動電氣隔離電氣隔離: : 光隔離一般采用光耦合器光隔離一般采用光耦合器 磁隔離的元件通常是脈沖變壓器磁隔離的元件通常是脈

29、沖變壓器驅動電路驅動電路: : 主電路與控制電路之間的接口主電路與控制電路之間的接口ERERERa)b)c)UinUoutR1ICIDR1R1光耦合器的類型及接法光耦合器的類型及接法a) a) 普通型普通型 b) b) 高速型高速型 c) c) 高傳輸比型高傳輸比型Energy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University驅動信號驅動信號:電流驅動型和電壓驅動型。電流驅動型和電壓驅動型。驅動電路器件

30、驅動電路器件:分立元件、專用集成驅動電路。分立元件、專用集成驅動電路。Energy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University1.7.1 晶閘管的觸發(fā)電路晶閘管的觸發(fā)電路理想的晶閘管觸發(fā)脈沖電流波形理想的晶閘管觸發(fā)脈沖電流波形Energy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical

31、Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University1.7.2 典型全控型器件的驅動電路典型全控型器件的驅動電路推薦的GTO門極電壓電流波形Energy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University理想的GTR基極驅動電流波形VD1AVVS0V+10V+15VV1VD2VD3VD4V3V2V4V5V6R1R2R3R4R5C1C2Energy Systems 4-Jan-

32、22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University電力MOSFET的一種驅動電路Energy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou UniversityM57962L型IGBT驅動器的原理和接線圖Energy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delt

33、a Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University1.8 1.8 電力電子器件器件的保護電力電子器件器件的保護Energy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University外因過電壓：主要來自雷擊和系統操作過程等外因外因過電壓：主要來自雷擊和系統操作過程等

34、外因操作過電壓：由分閘、合閘等開關操作引起操作過電壓：由分閘、合閘等開關操作引起雷擊過電壓：由雷擊引起雷擊過電壓：由雷擊引起內因過電壓：主要來自電力電子裝置內部器件的開關過程內因過電壓：主要來自電力電子裝置內部器件的開關過程換相過電壓換相過電壓：晶閘管或與全控型器件反并聯的二極管在換：晶閘管或與全控型器件反并聯的二極管在換 相結束后，反向電流急劇減小，會由相結束后，反向電流急劇減小，會由線路電感線路電感在器件兩端在器件兩端感應出過電壓。感應出過電壓。關斷過電壓關斷過電壓：全控型器件關斷時，正向電流迅速降低而由：全控型器件關斷時，正向電流迅速降低而由線路電感線路電感在器件兩端感應出的過電壓。在器

35、件兩端感應出的過電壓。Energy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University過電壓保護措施過電壓保護措施:吸收原理抑制過電壓吸收原理抑制過電壓Energy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou University

36、過電流過電流過載和短路過載和短路保護措施：保護措施：分段保護，切斷分段保護，切斷負載觸發(fā)電路開關電路過電流繼電器交流斷路器動作電流整定值短路器電流檢測電子保護電路快速熔斷器變流器直流快速斷路器電流互感器變壓器電子電路作為第一保護措施，電子電路作為第一保護措施，快熔僅作為短路時的部分區(qū)段的保護?？烊蹆H作為短路時的部分區(qū)段的保護。Energy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta Energy Systems 2022/1/4 Dr. Mao Department of Electrical Eng. &Automation of Fuzhou UniversityEnergy Systems 4-Jan-22 Delta