2019牛津高中英語(yǔ)模塊5Unit3重點(diǎn)詞匯講解語(yǔ)文

1、第1頁(yè)詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)擊ReadingAdopt例題 單項(xiàng)填空。1. The new tax would force companies to _ energy-saving measures.A. adoptB. carryC. adaptD. accept2 The old couple decided to _ a boy and a girl though they had three of theirown.A. adapt B. bringC. receiveD. adopt3. Our eyes slowly _ to the dark.A. adoptedB. adaptedC. fit

2、tedD. matched講解adopt 主要有“收養(yǎng)”、“采用”兩個(gè)意思。如：She adopted a child whose parents were dead. 她收養(yǎng)了一個(gè)父母雙亡的孩子。The government decided to adopt the plan. 政府決定采納這個(gè)計(jì)劃。We adopted several measures to deal with the disease. 我們采取了一些措施來(lái)對(duì)付這種疾病。聯(lián)想 adopt 的名詞是 adoption,其過(guò)去分詞 adopted 可以單獨(dú)用作形容詞， 表示 “領(lǐng)養(yǎng)的，采納的” 。如：He was please

3、d by the adoption of a little girl.他對(duì)收養(yǎng)了一個(gè)小女孩感到高興。He is their adopted son.他是他們的養(yǎng)子。the adoption of new technology新技術(shù)的采用拓展adopt 和 adapt 的區(qū)別：adopt 意思是“采納”、“收養(yǎng)” ;adapt 意思是“改編”、“使適應(yīng)”。通過(guò)以上講解可知上面的例題答案為： 1. A；2. D； 3. B。練習(xí)用 adopt 或 adapt 的適當(dāng)形式完成句子。1. Our school _ a new teaching method lately.2. They are not

4、 my real parents; I am _.3. He tried hard to _ himself to the new conditions.4. Since the _ of the new working method, production has gone up.1. has adopted / adopted 2. adopted3. adapt4. adoptionGrammar詞語(yǔ)點(diǎn)擊alternative 可用作名詞和形容詞。作名詞，意為可供選擇的事物、選擇余地”，是可數(shù)名詞。如：They had no alternative in the matter.在這件事上

5、 ,他們沒(méi)有選擇的余地。That s the only alternative.那是惟一的選擇。作形容詞，意為 “可供選擇的 /替代的 ”。如：Please find alter native means of tran sport 請(qǐng)找別的運(yùn)輸方法。Do you have an alternative solution to the problem?你有別的辦法來(lái)解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題？拓展 比較 alter native, choose 和 select：alternative 作名詞或形容詞，多指兩者之間的選擇，有非此即彼”之意；choose 是動(dòng)詞（其名詞形式是 choice）,適用范圍最廣，可

6、與 from 或 between 連用。它一般指主觀上的選擇，有最終選定的含義；select 用作動(dòng)詞，多用于正式場(chǎng)合，指仔細(xì)地、審慎地精選，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀性，所挑 選的對(duì)象一般是相同種類(lèi)的。field 的主要意思有 “田地，牧場(chǎng)；場(chǎng)地，領(lǐng)域 ”等。如：Many farmers are working in the fields.第2頁(yè)第4頁(yè)許多農(nóng)民在田里干活。They rode through forests and fields. 他們騎馬穿過(guò)森林和原野。A football field is one hundred yards long. 足球場(chǎng)有一百碼長(zhǎng)。He has become very

7、 famous in his own field. 他在自己的領(lǐng)域里已經(jīng)非常有名了。field 前的介詞：在field前通常用介詞in或into,但在sports field和battle field前常用on。 如： Dont walkin the tomato field.不要在番茄地里走。Why do you want to go into this field again? 你為何還想進(jìn)入這個(gè)領(lǐng)域？He was killed on the battle field. 他在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上喪生。field 的數(shù)：field 作“田地 ”講時(shí)通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式,除非僅指一塊田地。如：The fields

8、 are all white when it snows.下雪的時(shí)候大地全白了。involve v. 包含,需要；牽涉,牽連；參加,加入。后面常接名詞和 V-ing 形式。 如：This lesson involves a lot of work.這一課需要做的工作有很多。The test will involve answering questions about a photograph. 考試將包括回答一些關(guān)于一張照片的問(wèn)題。Dont involve other people in your trouble. 別把別人牽涉進(jìn)你的麻煩中去。He was involved in a bori

9、ng discussion.他卷入了無(wú)聊的討論中。聯(lián)想 involved adj. 被涉及的,有關(guān)聯(lián)的 involvement n. 卷入,參與,加入拓展 get / be / become involved in 被卷入地做involve sb in sth. / in doing sth. 使參與be invo Ived with 與.有牽連，與 .有關(guān);包含在;與有關(guān)，專(zhuān)心第5頁(yè)projectFavour例題 單項(xiàng)填空。1. May I ask a favour _ you?A. ofB. for C. toD. on2. The decision was _ his favour.A.

10、 ofB. for C. inD. to3. CouId you do me _ favour and heIp me carry that heavy suitcase?A. a B. theC. / D. an4. I was _ him. In other words, I agreed with what he had just said.A. in favour of B. in honor ofC. in face of D. in point of講解 favour 可作名詞和動(dòng)詞。 作名詞意為“幫助，恩惠；贊同，支持；偏袒，偏愛(ài)”等。如： CouId you do me afa

11、vour and pick up Tom from schooI tomorrow? 明天你能幫我個(gè)忙去學(xué)校接湯姆嗎？The suggestion of cIosing the factory has found favour with many IocaI peopIe. 關(guān)閉這個(gè)工廠的建議已經(jīng)得到許多當(dāng)?shù)厝说闹С?。As a mother, she showed no favour to any chiId. 作為母親，她沒(méi)有偏袒任何一個(gè)孩子。 作動(dòng)詞意為“較喜歡，選擇；優(yōu)惠，特別照顧，偏袒；有助于，有利于” 。如：Ourteacher favours Mary.我們的老師偏愛(ài)瑪麗。Fort

12、une favours the brave.幸運(yùn)眷顧勇者。The warm cIimate favours many types of tropicaI pIants.溫暖的氣候?qū)Χ喾N熱帶植物有利。拓展 in favour (of sth. / sb. ) 支持，贊同 in sb.s favour 對(duì)某人有利 ask a favourof sb. 請(qǐng)某人幫個(gè)忙 do sb. a favour 幫某人一個(gè)忙 通過(guò)以上講解可知上面例題的答案為： 1-4 ACAA 。第6頁(yè)聯(lián)想 favourable adj. 有利的； 給人印象好的； 贊同的， 支持的； 優(yōu)惠的 favourite adj.特別受喜

13、愛(ài)的n. 特別喜愛(ài)的人或事；得到偏愛(ài)的人練習(xí) 用 favour 的適當(dāng)形式翻譯下列各句。1. 你偏愛(ài)哪個(gè)顏色 ?2. 學(xué)生贊成改革。3. 他將這視為極大的恩惠。4. 誰(shuí)是你特別喜歡的作家？ favour1. Which colour do you favour? / What is your favourite colour?2. The students were in favour of reform.3. He regards this as a very favour.4. Who is your favourite writer?majority 是名詞，意思是 “大多數(shù)”，“大部分

14、 ”，“多數(shù)票 ”等。如： The majoritywere / was against the plan.多數(shù)人不贊成這個(gè)計(jì)劃。The resolution was passed by a large majority. 這個(gè)決議以多數(shù)票通過(guò)。拓展1. 一般可以說(shuō)：the majority of the books / eggs / people 等, 不可以說(shuō)：the majority ofthe milk / land / time 等；2. majority 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，若強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；若強(qiáng)調(diào)團(tuán)體中的個(gè)體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)； majority 構(gòu)成的 the majority

15、of 短語(yǔ)后面可以接單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞， 其謂語(yǔ)與該名詞的數(shù)保持一致。如：The majority of criminals are young people. 大部分的罪犯是年輕人。3. the majority of 與 a majority of 的區(qū)別：the majority of sb. / sth 指多數(shù)人 /物，大部分人/物。如：the majority of the woman / people。a majority of 指(投票時(shí)的)多 數(shù)。如： The party I support has won by a majority of 264 votes 投( 票). / T

16、he bill (議 案)was carried by a majority of 34 (301 to 267).聯(lián)想1. majority 的反義詞是 minority (n. 少數(shù))；2. major 可作形容詞、名詞和動(dòng)詞，意為主要的，重要的，大的(adj.); ”主修課程，專(zhuān)業(yè)課(n.)；主修(v.)；3. majority 與 most 比較：majority 般修飾可數(shù)名詞，most 修飾可數(shù)和不可數(shù)均 可。Most (= The majority of) students are not interested in mathsUrge例題 單項(xiàng)填空。They urged tha

17、t the Science Museum _ open during the vacation.A. was kept B. were keptC. be kept D. will be kept講解urge 可用作名詞和及物動(dòng)詞。作名詞時(shí)，意為“迫切的要求，強(qiáng)烈的欲望、沖動(dòng)”等，常與不定冠詞 an 連 用，常用搭配為 have / feel an urge to do sth，. 表示“很想做某事” 。如：I was afraid of the boy and I had an urge to run away from him. 我害怕那個(gè)男孩，很想跑開(kāi)。He has an urge to

18、 become a lawyer.他很想成為一名律師。 作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“要求;敦促，催促，力勸”等，后跟帶不定式的復(fù)合 結(jié)構(gòu)、名詞或that從句等。 注意that從句中要用“should +動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)。 女口: The peoplein that country urged freedom.第6頁(yè)第8頁(yè)那個(gè)國(guó)家的人民要求自由。He urged me to join their company. 他敦促我盡快加入他們公司。My friends urged that I (should) apply for the job. 朋友們力勸我申請(qǐng)那份工作。 通過(guò)以上講解可知，上面例題的正確答案為 C。 拓展 urge for 要求做出 urge on