新概念英語第二冊：第59課課文詳解及語法解析

1、新概念英語第二冊：第59 課課文詳解及語法解析課文詳注Further notes on the text1 .Every time he wanted to come into the garden he would bark until someone opened the gate. 每當(dāng)它想到花園里來時(shí)，便汪 汪叫個(gè)不停，直到有人把門打開。every time 在這里為連詞引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，表示“每次”、“每當(dāng)”，主句中的 would 表示過去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。用一般過去時(shí)的句子中它們經(jīng)常連用：Every time we met, we would talk for a while.我們

2、每次見面都要聊一會(huì)兒。Every time he came to the restaurant, he would first ask for a cup of tea.他每次到這個(gè)飯館來，都是先要一杯茶。2 .my husband spent weeks training him to press his paw on the latch to lethimself in.我丈夫花了幾個(gè)星期的時(shí)間訓(xùn)練它用腳爪按住門閂把 自己放進(jìn)來。(1)spend表示“在上花時(shí)間”時(shí)，后面如果跟名詞則用介詞 on; 如果跟動(dòng)名詞則用介詞in( 在口語中in 往往省略 )：Why don't you

3、spend more time on studies?你為什么不在學(xué)習(xí)上再多花點(diǎn)時(shí)間呢?I spent two weeks(in) reading this book.我花了兩星期的時(shí)間讀這本書。（2）train 的賓語是him, to press 是賓語補(bǔ)足語，to let為 目的狀語。3 .Rex soon became an expert at opening the gate. 雷克斯很 快成了開門的專家。expert表示“做/干的專家/高手”時(shí)后面通常用at doingsth.; 表示在某一領(lǐng)域是“專家”、“”時(shí)可用介詞 in 或 on：John is an expert at dr

4、iving a car.約翰是開車高手。She is an expert in flowers.她是花卉方面的專家。Sam is an expert on that problem.薩姆是研究那個(gè)問題的。4 .This time he was barking so that someone would let himout! 這次它叫著讓人把它放出去!連詞so that 引導(dǎo)的是目的狀語從句。（cf. 本課語法 ）語法Grammar in use1.復(fù)習(xí)第5058課語法He's having lunch , isn't he?他正在吃午飯，是不是?（現(xiàn)在實(shí)行時(shí)表示說話時(shí)正在實(shí)行

5、的動(dòng)作）Yes， he always has lunch at this time of the day.是的，他每天總是在這個(gè)時(shí)間吃午飯。（ 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作 ）She's reading a book,isn't she?她正在讀一本書，是不是?Yes,she's been reading the book all morning.是的。她整個(gè)上午一直在讀這本書。（ 現(xiàn)在完成實(shí)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性 ）I was told that ships were built here.我聽說這里造過船。（ 被動(dòng)語態(tài)was told 表示說話謹(jǐn)慎; 從句中的一般過去時(shí)表

6、示不知現(xiàn)在是否仍造船）They used to be built here,but they aren't any more.過去這里是造過船，但現(xiàn)在不造了。（used to 表示過去有過但現(xiàn)在已終止的狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去與現(xiàn)在的對(duì)照，所以不可用would 代替 ）You've taken your time! What on earth have you been doing?你可真夠慢約! 你到底一直在干什么?（on earth 用于表示強(qiáng)調(diào)）I'm sorry.We got caught in astorm.對(duì)不起。我們遇上一暴風(fēng)雨了。（ 在口語中g(shù)et+ 過去分詞相當(dāng)

7、于被動(dòng)語態(tài) ）2. 表示目的的幾種方式：to, in order to, so as to, so that,in order that（1） 帶 to 的不定式及其變體in order to 和 so as to 能夠用來表示目的：I went to live in France to/in order to/so as to learnFrench.我去法國居住，以便學(xué)習(xí)法語。not to 能夠用于表示取舍：I went to France not to study French, but to study chemics.我去法國不是為了學(xué)法語，而是為了學(xué)化學(xué)。so as not to/

8、in order not to 能夠用于表示“以防”：I shut the door quietly, so as not to/in order not to wake the baby.為了不驚醒嬰兒，我輕輕地關(guān)上門。在 bring, buy, need, take, use, want 等動(dòng)詞后經(jīng)常用賓語+不定式( 而不用賓語+in order to/so as to) ，不定式表示用賓語的目的：I want something to drink.我想要一點(diǎn)喝的東西。I need a spoon to eat this ice cream with.我需要一把湯匙來吃這冰淇淋。Bring

9、 me a chair to sit on.給我拿一把椅子來坐。（2） 連詞 so that, in order that 能夠引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。當(dāng)主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)的時(shí)候，so that 和 inorder that 后面能夠跟may, can 或 will 。 so that 比 in order that更為普遍：I've arrived early so that/in order that I may/can/will get the tickets.我到得早，以便能買到票。當(dāng)主句中的動(dòng)詞為一般過去時(shí)、過去實(shí)行時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)的時(shí)候， so that 和

10、in order that 后面跟 should, could,might 或 would：I arrived early so that/in order that I should/could/might/would get thetickets.（ 譯文同上 ）so that 和 in order that 后面的否定形式如下：I arrived early so that/in order that I might not miss anything.我到得很早，以免錯(cuò)過什么。（ 否定句中不可用could, 可用should, would 等 ）（3） 相比之下，帶to, so as to 和 in order to 的結(jié)構(gòu)比帶that 的結(jié)構(gòu)要簡單、自然，所以多為人使用：I arrived early so as not to/in order not to miss anything.（ 譯文同上）當(dāng)前后主語不一致時(shí)，不定式前面加for+