初中英語之冠詞講解及練習(xí)

1、初中英語之冠詞講解（一）概述1冠詞是一種虛詞，不能獨立擔(dān)任一個成分，只能附著在一個名詞上，幫助說明其詞義。英語中有兩個冠詞：1）定冠詞the2）不定冠詞a/an2冠詞的基本意義不定冠詞 a/an 與數(shù)詞 one 同源，表示 “一個 ”的意思，用在可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前。例如：She is a nurse. 她是個護士。He is an Englishman, with an Irish wife. 他是一位英國人，有一個愛爾蘭妻子。定冠詞the,與this同源，有 這（那）個”的意思，但比較弱，表示一（幾）個特定的人或東西，有時可譯作 “這個（些） ”或 “那個（些） ”。 ：That s the b

2、ook you want. 這就是你要的那本書。Who s the young man over there? 那邊那個年輕人是誰？但在很多情況下， “這”或 “那 ”這類詞在譯文中并不出現(xiàn)。Put it on the table. 把它放在桌上。Shut the door, please. 請把門關(guān)上。3特指和泛指一般來說，名詞有特指和泛指兩種情況，請比較下面的句子：A gentleman is asking to see you. 有位先生要求見你。 （泛指）Ask the gentleman to come in.請那位先生進來。 （特指）在特指時一般前面要加定冠詞，而泛指時則有三種情況

3、：1）在可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前加不定冠詞。例如：She sent me a postcard她寄給我一張明信片。2）在可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前可不加冠詞，可使用some, any 這類詞。These are new words. 這些是生詞。She sent me some flowers. 她送給我一些花。3）在不可數(shù)名詞前多不加什么，有時也可加some, any 等。It s lovely weather.天氣真好。Do you want any sugar in your tea? 你茶里要放點糖嗎？Give us some help.給我們一些幫助。（二）不定冠詞的基本用法1 泛指某一類人或事物中的一個

4、，代表某一類別（不一定譯為“一 ” ）His father is a doctor. 他父親是醫(yī)生。2 .代表某一類人或事物，相當于 any （+名詞）（不必譯為 ”，但必須用a,表示類別） A horse is a useful animal. 馬是有用的動物。第1頁/共5頁3指某人或某物（不是指某一類），但不具體說明何人或何物（一般譯為 “一 ”）This book was written by a worker.這本書是一位工人寫的。4表示數(shù)量，有“一”的意思，但數(shù)的概念沒有one 強烈（一般譯為 “一”）Wait a moment.等一下。5表示單位，相當于“每 ”的意思We have

5、 three meals a day. 我們每日吃三餐。6用于某此固定詞組中例如：a few, a little, a bit （of）, a lot of 等。（三）定冠詞的基本用法1 特指某（些）人或某（些）事物Give me the book. 把那本書給我。2指談話雙方都知道的人或事物Where is the doctor? 醫(yī)生在哪兒？3再次提到上文提到過的人或事物I bought a dictionary yesterday. The dictionary is at home. 昨天我買了一本詞典。詞典在家里。4用在大家所熟悉的、世界上獨一無二的事物The earth is bi

6、gger than the moon, but smaller than the sun. 地球比月亮大，但比太陽小。5用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級前Mr Wang teaches the first class.王先生上第一節(jié)課。Of all the stars the sun is the nearest to the earth. 在所有的恒星中，太陽離地球最近。6用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，表示某一類人或事物The horse is a useful animal. 馬是有用的動物。7與下列專有名詞連用1）在江、河、湖、海、群島、山脈的名稱前the Changjiang River, the Gre

7、at Lake2）在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前，表示夫婦二人或全家人The Greens are sitting at the breakfast table.格林一家人正圍坐在早餐桌旁。8和某些形容詞連用，表示一類人the old 老人 the young 年輕人the rich 富人the poor 窮人the sick 病人the dead 死人9在一些習(xí)慣說法中the east （west, south, north）in the morning （afternoon, evening）on the left （right）in the endgo to the cinema（四）不用冠詞的幾種

8、情況1 在專有名詞，抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前Have you ever been to Shanghai?你到過上海嗎？We love science. 我們愛好科學(xué)。2在表示一類人或事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前Girls can be scientists.女孩子可以當科學(xué)家。3在季節(jié)、月份、星期、一日三餐的名稱前It is hot in summer.It s Tuesday, August the 22nd.Have you had breakfast?4稱呼語或表示頭銜，職務(wù)的名詞前What s the matter with you, Mike?He is headmaster of our sch

9、ool.5學(xué)科和球類運動的名稱前We study English.夏天天氣熱。今天是八月二十二日，星期三。你吃過早飯沒有？怎么啦，邁克？他是我們學(xué)校的校長。Do you like to play football?6名詞前已有用作定語的用冠詞我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。你喜歡踢足球嗎？this, that my, your, some, any, no, whose, every, each 等代詞時，不That is her bike.那是她的自行車。Each student in his class studies hard. 這個班的每個學(xué)生都努力學(xué)習(xí)。7在某些固定詞組的名詞前at home, at

10、night, after school, by bus, in bed, in town, in front of, go to school, go to bed 等。隨堂監(jiān)測 A 組I. 在下列句子的空格中填上適當?shù)墓谠~，不需要的地方用“ /表示： ”1. This is old map. It is useful map.2. We have no classes in afternoon on Saturday.3. spaceship flies at about eleven kilometers second.4. Beijing is capital of China. It

11、is beautiful city.5. Roman was not built in day.6. Chinese is quite difficult language for Mike.7. Many students will take active part in sports meet.8. There is interesting picture on wall.9. Jenny found wallet lying on ground. wallet was Mr. Black s.10. Which is biggest, sun, moon, or earth?11. -

12、Which picture is more beautiful? - one on left, I think.12. - Which is way to hospital?- Go down this road and turn left on second crossing.13. more, better.14. Turners are sitting at breakfast table.15. Joe Hill was fighter for working class.16. When was People s RepuCblhicinoaf founded?17. In Chin

13、a first English textbooks were published in late nineteenth century.18. After breakfast he went to school on foot.19. Huanghe River lies in north of China.20. He likes playing football. His sister likes playing piano.II. 單項選擇：1. 上學(xué) A. go to school B. go to the school C. go to a school第 8頁 /共 5頁C. in

14、 hospitalC. at moment4. 在課堂上A. in class5. 在地球上A. on earth6. 步行A. on foot7. 吃飯A. at a table8. in a classB. on an earthB. on the footB. at the tableC. in the classC. on the earthC. on feetC. at table8. 乘公共汽車A. take bus9. 在家 A. at the home10. 在工作 A. at workB. by busB. at a homeB. at the workC. by the b

15、usC. at homeC. at works11. 跳高 A. jump high B. high jump12. 坐飛機 A. by airB. by the air13. 乘火車 A. by the train B. by trainC. the high jumpC. on airC. on train14. 在校學(xué)習(xí) A. in the school B. in schoolC. in schools15. 睡覺 A. go to bed16. 感冒A. have a cold17. 乘船A. by shipB. go to the bedB. have the coldB. on

16、shipC. go to a bedC. have coldC. by a ship2. 住院 A, in the hospital B. in a hospital3. 此刻 A. at the moment B. at a moment18. 玩得痛快 A. have good times B. have a good time C. have good times19. 事實上 A. in the fact B. in factsC. in fact21. 從早到晚 A. from morning to the eveningB. from morning to eveningC. fr

17、om a morning to an evening四、隨堂監(jiān)測B組III. 選擇填空：1. There is old woman in the car.A. /B. the C. a D. an2. Shanghai is in east of China.A. /B. an C. the D. a3. Bill is English teacher. He likes playing football.A. a, the B. an, the C. a, / D. /, /4. The museum is quite far. It will take you half hour to g

18、o there by bus.A. an, / B. an, a C. a, / D. /, /5. The story is interesting. That means it is interesting story.A. an, the B. the, a. C. /, an D. /, a6. Let s go for walk, shall we?A. aB. an C. the D. /7. This is interesting story -book and it is also useful one.A. a, a B. an, an C. an, a D. a, an8.

19、 woman over there is popular teacher in our school.A. A, an B. The, a C. The , the D. A, the9. They passed our school day before yesterday.A. an B. one C. a D. the10. Australia is English -speaking country.A. aB. anC. the D. /11. Don t play basketball here. It s dangerous.A. aB. anC. /D. the12. This

20、 isapple.It s _big apple.A. an, aB. a, theC. a, an D.an, the13. - Have you seen bag? I left it here just now.- Is it one on the chair near the door?A. a, aB. the, the C. a, the D. the, a14. I have blue coat.A. aB. an C. the D. some15. This is orange. orange is on the table.A. a, The B. an, The C. an

21、, An D. the, An16. Have you had breakfast?A. aB. an C. the D. /17. He wondered when the doctor could finish operation.A. a B. an C. the D. any18. After supper, he stayed at home and played violin.A. the, theB. /, the C. /, a D. /, /19. There is apple on the plate.A. aB.anC. the D. /20. He said that he got “ C ” in the test.A