語法復(fù)習(xí)--特殊句式(主謂一致)匯編

1、一、語法一致1. 不可數(shù)名詞、不定式（短語） 、動名詞（短語）或名詞性從句作主語時，謂語動詞一 般用單數(shù)。如：Knowledge is power. 知識就是力量。Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火很危險。To see is to believe.眼見為實。Whether they will hold a party or not has not been decided 他們還沒有決定是否舉行晚會。 When and where to build the factory is not decided yet. 何時何地建廠還未定下來。2. 由 and 連接兩

2、個單數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Tom and Mary have been married for ten years. 湯姆和瑪麗結(jié)婚 10 年了。The bread and the butter taste good 奶油和面包很好吃。注意事項：（1）當(dāng) and 連接的兩個名詞指同一個人，同一物，同一事，同一概念時，謂語用第三 人稱單數(shù)形式（這時應(yīng)注意冠詞的用法：后一個名詞前無冠詞） 。The poet and writer has gone to Beijing 那位詩人兼作家去北京了。There is a knife and fork on the table. 桌上有一副刀叉

3、。Here is a needle and thread for you. 這是給你的針線。Bread and butter tastes good 奶油面包很好吃。Time and tide waits for no man. 歲月不待人。（2） and所連接的連個名詞前分別有every, each, no, many a等修飾時，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 如：Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每個男孩和每個女孩都喜歡去游泳。No teacher and no student was absent from the meetin

4、g. 沒有老師也沒有學(xué)生開會缺席。Each teacher and（each）student was given a book.每一位教師和學(xué)生都得到了一本書。Many a teacher and many a student has spoken at the meeting. 在會上，很多老師和學(xué)生發(fā) 了言。（ 3）在某些諺語中，由and 連接的兩個并列主語表示同一概念時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)。如：All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只工作不玩耍，聰明孩子也會傻。Early to bed and early to rise makes a

5、man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起使人健康、 富裕又聰明。3. 當(dāng)主語后面跟有 with, together with, along with, accompanied by, like, except, but, besides, no less than, as well as, including, in addition to, rather than 等詞引起的短語時， 謂 語動詞與前面的主語一致。 如：The teacher, together with his students is watching TV. 老師和學(xué)生們正在看電視。The g

6、irls as well as the teacher are dancing. 女生和那位老師在跳舞。Nobody but Tom and Jack knows the secret. 除了湯姆和杰克沒人知道這個秘密。4. 不定代詞 either, each, one, another, anyone, anybody, no one, nobody, some one, somebody, anything, nothing, something, everything, everyone, everybody, neither 等作主語 時，謂語用單數(shù)。如：Somebody is ask

7、ing for you. 有人在找你。Everyone is here. 大家都來了。There is something wrong with my bike. 沒有的自行車有點毛病。注意事項：(1) each本身作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，但each作主語的同位語時，謂語動詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Each of them has a dictionary. 他們每人有本詞典。They each have a dictionary. 他們每人有本詞典。( 2)當(dāng) none of 后面接的是可數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用單復(fù)數(shù)都可以； 如接的是不可數(shù)名詞，就只能用單數(shù)形式。如：None of us are (i

8、s) perfect. 人無完人。None of the money was paid to me. 連一分錢也沒有付給我。( 3) all 作主語，指人時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；指物時，謂語用單數(shù)。如：All have gone home. 大家都走了。All that glitters is not gold. 發(fā)亮的不一定都是金子。5. “many a (an) +名詞 ”和 “more than one +名詞 ”做主語，謂語用單數(shù)。Many a student is interested in English grammar. 很多學(xué)生對英語語法感興趣。More than one person

9、 was involved in the case. 不止一人卷入這個案子。6. 在四則運算中謂語單復(fù)數(shù)均可(常用單數(shù)) 。Three and four is (are) seven. 3 加 4 等于 7.Two times ten is (are) twenty.2 乘 10 等于 20.7. 當(dāng) kind of, type o f, sort of, pair of 等做主語時， 謂語與 of 前的 kind, pair, type 等保持一 致。如：This pair of trousers was made by Master Li. 這條褲子是李師傅做的。The kind of t

10、he apple tastes delicious. 這種蘋果很好吃。Some kinds of bamboo grow very fast. 有些種類的竹子生長的非?？?。注意事項：“名詞 +of this kind ”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語，謂語與其中的名詞保持一致。如：Apples of this kind are highly priced. 這種蘋果定價很高。Men of this kind are dangerous. 這種人很危險。8. 由“ some of， plenty of， a lot of， lots of， most of， the rest of， all of， half of

11、， part of 或分數(shù)、百分數(shù) +of+ 名詞”等短語作主語時，謂語動詞常與 of 后的名詞保持數(shù)的一致。一 般來說，如果 of 后面所接名詞為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動詞為復(fù)數(shù)；如果 of 后面所接名詞為單數(shù) 形式或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語就用單數(shù)形式。如：The rest of the lecture is dull 講座的其余部分是枯燥的。The rest of the bicycles are on sale today .剩余的自行車今天出售。Half of the apple is rotten 這個蘋果的一半腐爛變質(zhì)了。Half of the apples are rotten 這些蘋果有一半

12、腐爛變質(zhì)了。 注意事項：(1)當(dāng)"a number of/a variety of / varieties of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語時，謂語動詞用 復(fù)數(shù)形式。但“ the number of( 表數(shù)目 )和 the variety of( 表種類 )等 +可數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂 語動詞用單數(shù)。如：A number of new houses have been built there 在那兒已建起許多新房子。There are a variety of goods on sale in the shop .那個商店出售各種各樣的商品。The number of the people

13、 who know the secret is very limited 知道這個秘密的人數(shù)很有 限。The variety of goods on sale in the shop is surprising .那個商店商品的品種多得驚人。( 2)“a large amount of+ 不可數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。"large amounts of+不可數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)?！?a large quantity of+ 不可數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語用單數(shù)?！?a large quantity of+ 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語常用復(fù)數(shù)?！?large quantities of+

14、 不可數(shù)名詞/復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)?！?a good/ great deal of+ 不可數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。如：A large amount of clean water is wasted every d a y .每天有大量干凈的水被浪費掉。Vast amounts of money are being in vested in the local market .大量的資金投在當(dāng)?shù)氐氖袌?上。Large quantities of beer are consumed in the city every year .這個城市每年要消費大量的啤 酒。A large quan

15、tity of money was spent on the bridge 很多錢花在建這座橋上。A large quantity of materials were spent on the building 建這個大樓耗費了大量的建筑材 料。A good deal of work has to be done today 今天有大量的工作要做。9. 在“ one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 +定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句謂語單復(fù)形式根據(jù)先行詞來判斷：若是one of結(jié)構(gòu)，定語從句謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；若是the only one of結(jié)構(gòu)，定語從句謂語用單數(shù)。 如:Mary is one of the girls

16、who like hiking.Mary is the only one of the girls who has passed the exam.10. "one and a half +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”或"a / one + 單數(shù)名詞+ and a half"作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：One and a half months has passed. 已經(jīng)過去了一個半月。A month and a half has passed. 已經(jīng)過去了一個半月。 但是，國外一些詞書則認為，謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于這兩個結(jié)構(gòu)中名詞的數(shù)：One and a half months h

17、ave passed. 已經(jīng)過去了一個半月。 A month and a half has passed. 已經(jīng)過去了一個半月。11. " one or two+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon 昨天下午有一兩個學(xué)生在植 樹?！揪毩?xí)一】1. ( 09 陜西) Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, (be) going to visitBeijing this summer.2. ( 2012 湖南)

18、All the scientific evidence (show) that increasing use of chemicals infarming (be) damaging our health.3(. 11 安徽卷) The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which (be)saved for other purposes.4. ( 11 湖南卷 ) One third of the country (be) covered with trees and the majority ofthe ci

19、tizens (be) black people.5. ( 10 全國) Barbara is easy to recognize as she's the only one of the women who (wear) evening dress.6. ( 10 湖南) Listening to loud music at rock concerts (have) caused hearing loss insome teenagers.7. ( 10 四川) Such poets as Shakespeare (be) widely read, of whose works, h

20、owever,some (be) difficult to understand.8. ( 09 山東) The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities (be)rising steadily since1990.9. ( 08 陜西) Did you go to the show last night? Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area (be) invited.10(. 06 江蘇) A poet and artist (be) coming to speak to us a

21、bout Chinese literature andpainting tomorrow afternoon.11(. 05 山東) With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth (wash)away each year.12. ( 07 江西) Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where yet.A. hasn ' t been decidedB. haven't decid

22、ed C. isn 't being decidedD. aren't decided二、意義上一致1. 表示時間、距離、金錢、重量、長度、價值、數(shù)目等名詞作主語時，盡管其形式是復(fù) 數(shù)，但在概念上通常把這些名詞看作是一個整體， 因此根據(jù)意義一致的原則， 謂語動詞多用 單數(shù)形式。如：Twenty-five dollars is too much to pay for that shirt 25 美元買那件襯衣太貴了。Fifty minutes isn 't enough to finish this test 50 分鐘完成這個測試是不夠的。Ten miles seems

23、 like a long walk to me 對我來說， 10 英里步行似乎很遠。 當(dāng)然，在許多情況下，也可根據(jù)語法一致的原則，把這些名詞復(fù)數(shù)看作一個個的個體， 使用復(fù)數(shù)動詞。如：Ten years have passed before I realized it.不知不覺 10 年過去了。2當(dāng)“the+形容詞(過去分詞)”指一類人作主語時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。指個人或抽象概念時， 謂語用單數(shù)。The poor live a hard life. 窮人的日子不好過。The sick and wounded were sent home. 病人和傷員被送回家。The beautiful lives f

24、orever. 美是永存的。The wou nded is our headmaster那個傷員是我們的校長。3. 當(dāng) maths（mathematics）, politics, physics 等學(xué)科名詞作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)。Politics is his favorite subject. 政治學(xué)是他最喜歡的學(xué)科。Maths is a subject that is difficult to learn. 數(shù)學(xué)是一門很難學(xué)的課程。4. 書名、報刊名以及某些以 -s 結(jié)尾的專有名詞作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。如： Roots was a novel about a slave family

25、. 根是一本有關(guān)奴隸家庭的小說。Arabian Nights is full of interesting stories. 一千零一夜充滿了有趣的故事。The Un ited States is a developed cou ntry.美國是個發(fā)達國家。5. 當(dāng)集合名詞 audience, family, class, army, group, team, enemy, government, public, couple等作主語時，如果主語看作一個整體，謂語用單數(shù)，如果強調(diào)其中的成員（個體時） 謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。My family is a big one. 我們家是個大家庭。My famil

26、y are all music lovers. 我們家全是音樂愛好者。The football team is the best one in this area. 這只球隊是這個地區(qū)最好的一支球隊。The football team are having a bath. 球員們正在洗澡。但有些集合名詞， 如 police, cattle, people 等沒有單數(shù)形式， 作主語時， 謂語只能用復(fù)數(shù)。 如：The people hope to live a happy life 人民希望過上好日子。The police have caught the criminal 警察已經(jīng)逮捕了那個罪犯。

27、Cattle feed on grass .牛以草為食。6. 有的名詞是單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)相同，女口sheep, deer, aircraft, means, fish, works, species等, 作主語時，如表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如表示單數(shù)意義，動詞用單數(shù)。例如：Every possible means has been tried.每種方法都嘗試過了。All possible means have been tried.所 有方法都嘗試了。The crossroads is/ are dangerous這個（些）十字路口很危險。There are two iron and steel

28、works in our province. 我省有兩家鋼鐵廠。A sheep is over there.那邊有只羊。Some sheep are over there 那邊有些羊。7. 由兩個對稱部分組成一個物體的名詞，如 trousers, shoes, glasses, compasses, jeans, pants,scissors等作主語時，謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。如：His black trousers are too long. 他的黑褲子太長。Your glasses are on your no se.你 的眼鏡在你鼻梁上。注：如果在這類名詞前用了量詞 pair,piece 等

29、時，其謂語動詞應(yīng)與 pair,piece 等的單復(fù)數(shù) 相一致。如：A pair of glasses costs quite a lot now. 現(xiàn)在一副眼鏡值很多錢。There are two pairs of gloves on the desk. 桌上有兩副手套。8有些以-ch, -sh,-ese結(jié)尾的表示國家、民族的形容詞與定冠詞the連用，指整個民族，表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：The English are said to be conservative. 據(jù)說英國人是保守的。The Chinese are kind and friendly. 中國人民友好善良。 9.當(dāng)姓

30、氏復(fù)數(shù)前加定冠詞表示一家人時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：The Smiths were also invited. 斯密斯夫婦也受到邀請?！揪毩?xí)二】【真題再現(xiàn)】1. ( 07江西) A survey of the opinions of experts (show) that three hours of outdoorexercise a week (be) good for one 's health.2. ( 00上海春) Every possible means (use) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky isstill not c

31、lear.三、就近一致1. 由or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut (also)連接兩個或多個并列主語時，謂語 動詞應(yīng)根據(jù)就近一致的原則，與其靠近的一個相一致。如：Either the teacher or the stude nts are to blame .或者老師或者學(xué)生們應(yīng)受到指責(zé)。Not only the students but also their teacher doesn 'tknow about it 不僅學(xué)生們不知道這件 事，他們的老師也不知道。Neither the students nor the teacher kno

32、ws anything about it 學(xué)生和老師都不知道這事 . He or you have taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的鋼筆。2. 在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中和here開頭的句子，如果主語不只是一個，謂語通常和鄰近的那個 主語相一致。如：There is a book, two ball-pens and several notebooks on the desk .桌子上有一本書、兩支 圓珠筆和幾個筆記本。There are four chairs and a table in the room .房間里擺有 4 把椅子和一張桌子。 【練習(xí)三】1. (09 湖南) Eit

33、her you or one of your students (be) to attend the meeting that is duetomorrow.2. Not only I but also Jane and Mary (be) tired of having one examination after another.(89)【鞏固練習(xí)】1. Nobody but Jane (know) the secret. (86)2. All but one (be) here just now. (87)3. A library with five thousand books (off

34、er) to the nation as a gift. (90)4. When and where to build the new factory (not; decide) yet. (91)5. Either you or the headmaster(be) to hand out the prizes to these gifted students atthe meeting(1994 上海 )6. The number of people invited (be) fifty, but a number of them (be) absent fordifferent reas

35、ons. (96)7. E-mail, as well as telephones, (play) an important role in our daily life(1999 上海 )8. ( 2000 全國春) All the preparations for the task (complete), and we are ready tostart.9. ( 2000 NMET ) Two fi fths of the land in that district (be) covered with trees andgrass.10. ( 2000 上海春)I told him wh

36、at I was surprised at(be) his attitude towards his study.11. (2001 上海) As a result of destroying the forest, a large quantity of desert (have)covered the land.12. ( 02 上海春) He is the only one of the students who (be) a winner of scholarshipfor three years.13(. 04 福建) She has set a new record, that i

37、s, the sales of her latest book (reach) 50million.14. ( 04 上海春) No one in the department but Tom and I (know) that the director isgoing to resign.15. ( 04 廣東) All the employees except the manager (encourage) to work online athome.16. ( 04 北京) The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, (be) v

38、isiting amuseum when the earthquake struck.17. ( 05 遼寧) Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, (work) in the clothing industry.18(. 05 上海) Professor Smith, along with his assistants, (work) on the project day andnight to meet the deadline.19. ( 05 山東) The country l

39、ife he was used to (change) greatly since 1992.20. ( 06 浙江) The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third (be)used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long.21. (06安徽) Most of what has been said about the Smiths (be) also true of theJohnsons.22. (06遼寧) The father as well as his three children (go) skating on the frozen riverevery Sunday afternoon in winter.23. (07湖南) We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks (be) so small that a day is uni