On the Comparison of the Images of the Protagonists and the Conflicts of the Plots between William Shakespeare and Guan Hanqing＇ s Tragedies

1、On the Comparison of the Images of the Protagonists and the Conflicts of the Plots between William Shakespeare and Guan Hanqing s Tragedies文化論壇OntheComlrisonoftheImagesoftheProtagonistsandtheConflictsofthePlotsbetweenWilliamShakespeareandGuanHanqing'sTragedies胡新蓮武漢職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院外事處(國際學(xué)院)450074Abstract:T

2、hispapertriestocomparethemostrepresentativetragediesofShakespeareandGuanHanqingandtofindthedifferencesintwoaspects,namely,theimagesOftheprotagonistsandtheconflictsoftheplots.Keywords:tragedy:protagonist;plot;charaterTheTragediesofShakespeare1.1.AnAnalysisoftherolesinShakespeare'stragediesTake&qu

3、ot;Hamlet"asexamples:Hamletisaboutanemotionallyscarredyoungmantryingtoavengethemurderofhisfather,theking.TheghostofHamlet'sfatherappearstoHamlet,tellinghimthathewasmurderedbyhisbrother,alsomarriedGertrude,theoldking'swidowandHamlet'smother.Hamletisappalledbyhismothersactionsandbywha

4、ttheghosttellshimaboutClaudiusscoldbloodedrevenge,Hamlettakesonan"anticdisposition,"actinglikeamadmanandalienatinghimselffromtheyoungwomanheloves,Ophelia.Finally,hisopportunitytopubliclyrevealClaudius'sguiltcomeswhenatroupeofplayitselfrevealsthatHamletknowsthetruthabouthisfather'sd

5、eath;theking'shorrifiedreactionrevealshisgullt.HamlettoEnglandwithorderssecretlydemandingherroleinhisfather'smurderandhermarriagetoCIaudius,whichHarnletseesasincestuousandabetrayalofhisfather.Astempers,emotions,andvoicesrise,Hamlethearsanoisefrombehindthearras(tapestry)intheroom.ThinkingClau

6、diusisinhiding,Hamletthrustshisswordthroughthetapestry,kr培Polonius,anagentofthekingandthefatherofOpheliaandherbrother,Laertes.TheshiponwhichHamlettravelstoEnglandisboardedbyabandofpirates,whoreleasehim(butnotbeforeHamletsubstituteshisowndeathorderwithanorderfortheexecutionofhis"friends"who

7、weretakinghimtohisdeath).HamtetreturnstoDenmarkjustintimetoseethefuneralprocessionofOphelia,whohasdrowned.ItissuspectedthatOphelia'sdeathholdshimresponsibleforthedeathsofhisfatherandhissister.A"sporting"duelbetweenHamletandLaertesissetup,butLaertespoisonsthetipofhisswordinordertokillHa

8、mletduringthefight.Claudius,too,wantstotakenochances,andhepreparesapoisonedcupforHamlettodrinkfrom.Duringthefight,Gertrudeaccidentallydrinksfrolnthepoisonedcupswitched.andbothIamletan(11aertesaremortallywounded.Beforehedies.however,tamletstabsClaudiusandalsoforceshimtoswallowthepoisone(1drink,1.2.Su

9、mmarizationofrolesofShakespeare'stragediesAlthoughthemaincharactersofthesetragediespossessdifferenttraits,theyallcallhedescribedastragicShakespeareanheroes:theyarchasicallygoodandnoblemenwhosetragicflawleadstotheirdestruction.TheprotagonistsofShakespeare'stragediesaremainlyillustriousandinfl

10、uentialgreatmenwhoare"ofhighstature,usuallyroyaltyornobility",SuchasPrinceHamlet,inmostofhistragedies,womenareonlythevictimsofmalecharacters'extermination;Opheliaisthebestexamplestoprovethispoint.TheTragediesofGuanHanqing2.1.AnAnalysisofrolesinGuanHanqing'stragediesTake"DouEYu

11、an【I州usticetoDouEl"asanexample:DouE(circal2lOl300).acharacterinadramawithhermotherinlawlivingtogether,becauseherhusbandhadalreadydied,butabadmanleyedDouE,heaskedDouEtomarryhim,DouEdidn'tpromise,thenheboughtthepoisonousandgavetoanoldmantoeat,theoldmandied,hebrilllocalauthoritiesandgavehimalo

12、tofmoney,askedhimtosayingthatDouEkiltedtheoldman,DouEwascaught.ShewasexecutedonfalseaccusatiOnsandshemadesomeseverecursesbeforeherdeathA1lhercurseswererealizedanditwasnotuntilherfathercamebacktotheregionasahighofficialandredressedhercaseundertheguidanceofherspirit,didthenaturaldisastersstop.Thecurse

13、sareatripleprophecybeforeherexecution:1.)ifsheisinnocent,shedeclaresthatuponherdecapitationherMoodwitlriseandstainawhitebannerhighintheair;2.)ifsheisinnocent,文化論壇中國科技信息2005年第17期CHINASCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYINFORMATIONSep2005thoughitismidsummer,snowwillfalltoburyherbodyandtheearth;and3.)ifsheisinnocent,t

14、herewillbenorainforthreeyearsintheprovincewheresuchinjusticehasbeendone.Heavendoesintervene,becomesthesymbolforfilialpietyandahallmarkforrationalismasshesaystohermotherinlawintheCOUrt."ifIdon.ttaketheblameandamnotexecuted,howcanIsaveyou!"2.2.SummarizationofrolesofGuanHanqing'stragedies

15、Guanttanqing'sprotagonistsarepeopleofwritesaboutthemiddleclassandthelowestrankedpeopleanddescribesmanybrilliantimagesofwomenwithrebelliousspirits.Guan'sprotagonists,especiallyhisheroines,fightagainstfate,againsttheirfamiliesorexperiencehasbecomethechiefmelodyofChineseclassicaltragedy.Compari

16、sonbetweenShakespeareandGuan'stragediesShakespeare'stragediesare"charactertragedies"whichlaystressoncharacters'intrinsicqualitythegreatcommotionofthesuppressedandstifledhumannatureandthefiercefightinginthehishumanitybyshowingthecharacters'conflictingemotionalentanglements.I

17、nHamlet,ShakespeareuseslongsoliloquiesandmonologuestoshowIIamlet'smelancholyandhiscOnsideratiOnabouthumannaturcandthemoralthefactthatinitShakespeareexpresseshispraiseofthenoblequalityofPrinceHamletasarepresentativeofhumanistthinkersandhisdisillusionmentwiththecorruptanddegeneratedsocietyinwhichh

18、elives.Hamletwouldhavebeenatragedyof"bloodandthunder"ifShakespearehadnotimbuedtheplaywiththissortofphilosophicalthinking,thishmnanisticsearchofthevalueofmanandthedisappointmentofSUChideals.GuanHanqing'stragedyisakindof"ethicstragedy"inwhichtheconflictisonthebasisofthestruggle

19、betweengoodandevil,rightandwrong.TheheroesandheroinesaretheembodimentofChinesetraditionalethics,andtheyactinaccordancewiththeconflictoftheplaycanbeseenastheconflictbetweengoodandbad,representedbytheprotagonistandantagonistrespectively.IllShakespeare'splays,tragicplotsareaboutsufferingsanddestruc

20、tionofgreatmen,withthedoomthevictimsoffortune,buttheychallengethelimitsofdestiny.Thoughattheendoftheplays,theprotagonists239mustfall,theydenynecessitywithgreatcourage.YetitiscommonthatShakespeare'stragediesendHamlet,nearlyallthecharactersdie,andotherplaysendedinsimilarways.Yetsomecomicelementsar

21、eaddedinGuan'sgesturesandremarksintheverytragicsituation.ofGuan'stragediesusuallyletthegoodrewardedandtheevilpunished,andmakefriendsandloverssocalled"reunionpreference"ofChinesetragedyisadistinctivecharacteristicofclassicalChinesetragedy.Guan'stragedyintheconflictandtheplotmain

22、lyliesinthecontrastof"charattertragedy"and"ethictragedy."AndShakespeare'stragedyendswiththedoomofthemaincharacters,whiletheendofGuan'splayhasaseeminglyhappyreunionofcharacters.Shakespeare'stragedyisthetragedyofgreatmen,whoareround,dynamicanddual-naturedcharacters;andtheirstruggleagainstfate,againstthefallofthemselves,withthetragicflawintheirGuanHanqing'stragedyisthetragedyofcommonpeople,especiallywomen,whoareth