英語動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)習(xí)練習(xí)[7]

1、2021/8/61English Basic Tenses (時態(tài)時態(tài))2021/8/62他昨天他昨天來來了了. 他已經(jīng)他已經(jīng)來來了了.他明天他明天來來.漢語借助漢語借助詞匯手段詞匯手段而非詞的形態(tài)變化來表示而非詞的形態(tài)變化來表示動作的發(fā)生動作的發(fā)生,而英語主要通過而英語主要通過謂語動詞時態(tài)謂語動詞時態(tài)變化變化來表現(xiàn)來表現(xiàn).任何句子都要先注意任何句子都要先注意時態(tài)時態(tài).He came yesterday.He has come.He will come tomorrow.2021/8/63一般過去時一般過去時 ( The Simple Past Tense )一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時 ( The

2、Simple Present tense 一般將來時一般將來時( The Simple Future Tense )現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時(The Present Continuous Tense)過去進行時過去進行時(The Past Continuous Tense)現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時(The Present Perfect Tense) 過去完成時過去完成時 (The Past Perfect Tense)過去將來時過去將來時(The Simple Past Future Tense)2021/8/64How did you spend your childhood?(3 sentenc

3、es or more,使用實意動使用實意動詞和系動詞詞和系動詞, 注意動詞形式變化注意動詞形式變化)2021/8/65Example: I _ (spend) my childhood happily with my old friends. We always _(play) football and basketball together and we _ (not) have so much homework to do as now. We _ (be) happy at that time. spentplayed didntwere2021/8/66 一般過去時一般過去時 ( Th

4、e Simple Past Tense )1.結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu): 謂動用動詞過去式謂動用動詞過去式2.用法用法: 在在過去時間里所發(fā)生過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。狀態(tài)。常與表示過去時間的時間狀語連用。常與表示過去時間的時間狀語連用。如如 yesterday, last week, an hour ago, in 1982等。等。2021/8/67How is your daily life as a high school student?(3 sentences or more,使用實意動詞和系動詞使用實意動詞和系動詞, 注意動詞形式變化注意動詞形式變化)2021/8/68二二

5、. 一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時 ( The Present Indefinite )1.結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu):主語為主語為第三人稱單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù),謂動要變化謂動要變化,其其余人稱用原形余人稱用原形. I study hard every day and I get along well with my classmates, but sometimes I miss my families.2021/8/692. 用法用法:1) 經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作，常與表示頻率的時的動作，常與表示頻率的時間狀語連用，如間狀語連用，如often/ usually, every, sometimes, at, o

6、n Sunday。2)表示不受時間限制的表示不受時間限制的科學(xué)事實或客觀真理科學(xué)事實或客觀真理。The earth moves around the sun.2021/8/6103) 表示已表示已安排或計劃好將來必定會發(fā)生安排或計劃好將來必定會發(fā)生的動作的動作或存在的狀態(tài)或存在的狀態(tài), 一般用于一般用于be, come, go, start, begin, leave, arrive, return等動詞中，常與時等動詞中，常與時間狀語連用如：間狀語連用如：The meeting starts at 2:00 p.m.2021/8/611.過去將來時過去將來時(The past future

7、simple Tense)1. 用法用法: 過去將來時表示立足于過去某一時間看過去將來時表示立足于過去某一時間看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài), 常用于賓語從句常用于賓語從句中中.2.結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu): Should / would+動詞原形動詞原形The boy promised he would work hard.I told my parents I should return early.2021/8/6122).其他形式其他形式 was (were) going to was (were) to +動詞原形動詞原形 was (were) about to2021/8/

8、613猶如 pictureHow will you spend your Spring Festival holiday?I willIm going to2021/8/614三三. 一般將來時一般將來時( The Simple Future Tense ) will / be going to do2. be +to do，按，按計劃或正式安排計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。將發(fā)生的事。We are to have an exam this week.3. be about to do, 表示表示馬上做某事馬上做某事, 不能與明確不能與明確表示將來的時間狀語連用表示將來的時間狀語連用.He is

9、about to leave for Beijing.2021/8/615What are they doing now?They are having a class.2021/8/616四四. 現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時(The Present Continuous Tense)2. 用法：用法：1) 表示表示現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在( 指說話時指說話時)正在發(fā)生正在發(fā)生的事情。的事情。We are having English class now.2) 表示表示目前這段時間內(nèi)目前這段時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作正在進行的動作,但說但說話時動作未必正在進行。話時動作未必正在進行。She is learning pian

10、o under Mr. Smith.1.結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu): be (am, are, is)+ doing2021/8/6173) 現(xiàn)在進行時用來表示現(xiàn)在進行時用來表示按計劃即將發(fā)生的按計劃即將發(fā)生的動作動作,多用于表示多用于表示移動移動的動詞的動詞,如如: come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay.I m leaving tomorrow.Are you staying here till next week?2021/8/618On August 8, 2008, the 29th Olimpic Games was opening in Beijing.What

11、were you doing on that day?2021/8/619五五. 過去進行時過去進行時(The Past Continuous Tense)1. 結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)：was/ were + doing2. 用法用法:表示過去某時或某段時間正在進行的動表示過去某時或某段時間正在進行的動作或狀態(tài)。常用的時間狀語作或狀態(tài)。常用的時間狀語at ten yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while2021/8/620English, boring or funny?2021/8/621Q1: How old were you when

12、 you first started learning English?Q2: How long have you learnt English?A: We have learnt English for many years since we were 6 years old.2021/8/622六六. 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時(The present Perfect Tense) 1. 結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu): have (has) +過去分詞過去分詞2.用法用法: 1). 現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去某一時間開始，一直延現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去某一時間開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài), 通常用于延續(xù)性

13、動詞通常用于延續(xù)性動詞. 常常與表示延續(xù)性的時間狀語連用與表示延續(xù)性的時間狀語連用,如如:so far, up to now, recently, in the past 6 years, since,for 等等等等 I have lived in Zhuhai for 3 years.2021/8/6232).表示發(fā)生在過去的某一動作表示發(fā)生在過去的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果或結(jié)果,常用的時間狀語有常用的時間狀語有: just ,already, yet,ever, never, once等等等等.We have finished our lunch already.H

14、ave you ever tried this method?2021/8/624比較一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時比較一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時 1). 一般過去時只表示發(fā)生在過去的動作或存一般過去時只表示發(fā)生在過去的動作或存在的狀態(tài)在的狀態(tài), 不涉及對現(xiàn)在的影響不涉及對現(xiàn)在的影響；現(xiàn)在完成；現(xiàn)在完成時表示發(fā)生在過去的動作或狀態(tài)時表示發(fā)生在過去的動作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在,或強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的造成的影響或強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的造成的影響。 My family lived in Zhuhai ten years ago. （現(xiàn)在不在了（現(xiàn)在不在了) My family have lived

15、 in Zhuhai for 10 years. (目前還在珠海目前還在珠海) 2021/8/6252). 過去時常過去時常與具體的表示過去的時間狀語連用與具體的表示過去的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與不確定的不確定的或或包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語. I studied in Zhongshan university in 2000.(2000年表示具體的過去時間）年表示具體的過去時間）I have studied in Zhongshan university since 2000. (since 2000表示從表示從

16、2000年至今年至今,包包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi))I have just bought an apartment. (just表示不表示不確定的時間狀語）確定的時間狀語）2021/8/626注意：注意：非延續(xù)性動詞的非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時間可以與表示延續(xù)時間的狀語連用。即動作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的狀語連用。即動作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。的。I have received his letter for a month. （錯）（錯） I havent received his letter for almost a month. （對）（對）2021/8/627比較比較

17、since和和for since +時間點時間點, 用來說明動作起始時間用來說明動作起始時間 for+ 時間段時間段, 用來說明動作延續(xù)時間長度。用來說明動作延續(xù)時間長度。I have lived here for more than twenty years.I have lived here since I was born.2021/8/628七七.過去完成時過去完成時 (The past perfect Tense)結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu): had + 過去分詞過去分詞 概念：表示過去的過去概念：表示過去的過去-|-|-|-過去之前過去之前 過去現(xiàn)在將來過去現(xiàn)在將來 You graduated (畢

18、業(yè)畢業(yè)) from Junior Middle School in July 2009. You had stayed there for 3 years when you graduated.2021/8/629When the police arrived, the thieves _(run away).When I came into the classroom, my dear students _ (begin) reading. had run awayhad begun2021/8/630ExercisesI usually _ up at 6:00, but yesterda

19、y I _ up at 7:00 and tomorrow I _ up at 6:30. (get)Listen! Someone _ (knock) at the door.I _ (be) in Beijing for two years.How often _ Andy _ (surf) the internet?He fell asleep while he _ (read) a book.getwill getgotis knocking have been doessurfwas reading2021/8/6316. I _ never _ (hear) of that man

20、 before.7. My brother often _ (go) for walks last summer.8. Lily said she _ (put) on the new dress the next day.9. _ the story _ (happen) in London in 1949?10. What _ his mother _ (do) when he opened the door?haveheardwentwould Did happenwasdoing2021/8/63211. If it _ (not rain) tomorrow, they _ (go)

21、 fishing. 12. _ your mother _ the piano every Sunday?13. They _ (not) call you the day after tomorrow.14. Tom _ (work) there since two years ago.15. By the time I _ (walk) into the classroom, the teacher _ (start) teaching. doesnt rainwill go Does has workedwont walkedhad startedplay 2021/8/633 http

22、:/ an empty street an empty housea hole inside my heartIm all alone and the roomsare getting smallerI wonder how i wonder whyI wonder where they arethe days we hadthe songs we sang togetherand oh! my love2021/8/635 Im holding on foreverreaching for a lovethat seems so farso i say a litter prayerno m

23、y dream will take me therewhere the skies are blue to see youonce again my love動詞的語態(tài)動詞的語態(tài) (voice) (voice) 2021/8/637動詞的語態(tài)動詞的語態(tài) 語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主語是動作的發(fā)出者為主動語態(tài)；主語是動作的發(fā)出者為主動語態(tài)； 主語是動作的接受者為被動語態(tài)。主語是動作的接受者為被動語態(tài)。We watched a film last night.I drink milk everyday.A film _. Milk _. Summary (總結(jié)

24、總結(jié)): is / was +done (p.p)was watched by us last nightis drunk by me everydayWill/ would be done新電腦下周將投入使用。新電腦下周將投入使用。The new computers will be used next week.媽媽告訴我我的自行車明天去修。媽媽告訴我我的自行車明天去修。My mother told me that my bike would be repaired the next day.am/ is /are being donewas/ were being done中國國家大劇院正

25、在建設(shè)當(dāng)中。中國國家大劇院正在建設(shè)當(dāng)中。The National Opera Building is being built at present. has/ have been donehad been done這個問題已經(jīng)得到了圓滿的解決。這個問題已經(jīng)得到了圓滿的解決。The problem has been well solved.昨天晚上我到超市的時候，牛奶已經(jīng)賣完了。昨天晚上我到超市的時候，牛奶已經(jīng)賣完了。The milk had been sold when I got to the supermarket last night. 不及物動詞或動詞短語無被動語態(tài)不及物動詞或動詞短語無被動語態(tài)比較：比較： rise是不及物動詞；是不及物動詞；raise是及物動詞。是及物動詞。 The price has been risen.The price has risen. The price has raised. The price has been raised.The accident was happened last week.The accident happened last