初中賓語從句詳細講解與練習(xí)

1、賓語從句在復(fù)合句中用作賓語的從句叫做賓語從句。它是眾多從句中的一員，在復(fù)合句中作主句謂語動詞、介詞或某些形容詞的賓語。在及物動詞的后面可以接一個名詞來充當(dāng)賓語，如:I know the man.而這時也可以用一個句子來充當(dāng)賓語，如:I know that the man is a p olicema n.主句引導(dǎo)詞 從句2.賓語從句的語序；3.賓語從句的賓語從句三大塊：1.引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞和代詞選擇;時態(tài)。I .賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞1. 陳述句充當(dāng)賓語從句時，用that引導(dǎo)，that無詞義，在口語或非正式文體中常省略。如:My teacher said I was a good boy老 師說我

2、是個好男孩。She doesn ' t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed.用以下開頭與下列句子連成賓語從句1.1 know2. She says3. Tell your frie nd(that)1. This is a book.2. You like singing.3. He worked last ni ght.4. They will go home.5. Jim has bee n to Beiji ng.6.She sings well.2. 當(dāng)由一般疑問句充當(dāng)賓語從句時，

3、用if或whether引導(dǎo)，意為 是否” 如:Is Jim a good student? I don ' t know don' t know if /whethieJim is a good stude nt.(2) Does Kate get up early? Do you know?Do you know if /whether Kate gets up early?用以下開頭與下列句子連成賓語從句1. Do you know2.I want to know 3.The teacher asks if/whether 1.1s he readi ng ?2.D0 yo

4、u get up at six?3. Does Tom work hard?4. Did you watch TV ?5. Will they read books ?6. Can you sing ?注意：只能用whether不用if的三種情況? 一般情況下，if和whether可以互換，但以下3種 情況只能用whether：?與or not連用:He asked me whether or not I was coming.Let me know whether you can come or not.?在介詞之后:It depends on whether it is going to

5、rain.?在不定式之前：I worry about whether I hurt her feeli ngsWe haven' t decided whether to go there.I don ' t know whether to accept or refuse.3.如果賓語從句原來是特殊疑問句，只需用原來的疑問詞引導(dǎo)。如:I. What is she doing? Can you tell me?Can you tell me what she is doing?2. Where does she live? Do you know?Do you know whe

6、re she lives?用以下開頭與下列句子連成賓語從句1.Do you know2.1 want to know3. Can you tell me1.What is this ?2.What are you doing ?3.Where do you live ?4.When does he get up ?5.How did you go to work?6.Who will you play with?n .賓語從句的語序必須是陳述語序句式連詞語序例句陳述句That不變I thi nk that we can be good friends.一般疑問句if/whether改為陳述語特

7、殊疑問句特殊疑問詞改為陳述語I can ' t remember if I posted the letter.He asked who was our En glish teacher.注意事項：（一）當(dāng)從句的原句為以下句子以及 what, who作主語時，語序不變:What' s wrong? What' s the matter?What' s happening?eg:I don' t know what' s the matter.Can you tell me who is over there?時態(tài)。m.賓語從句與主句的時態(tài)要相互呼

8、應(yīng) 1.如果主句的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句的時態(tài)根據(jù)具體情況來確定，可以是I don ' t think (thu are right.PIease tell us where we ' ll go fishing tomorrow.Do you know whe n Mr. Smith moved here?時寸態(tài)（一般過去時， 過去進2.如果主句的時態(tài)是一般過去時，賓語從句只能用相應(yīng)的行時，過去將來時，過去完成時）。例如:He told me that he was born in Beiji ng in 1992.He said that he would go bac

9、k to the U.S. soon. 特殊情況：1.從句說明的是一般真理、客觀事實、自然現(xiàn)象、名言時，任用現(xiàn)在時。Dad told us that it is better to do tha n to say.He told the boy that three and three is six.Could you tell me where the booksho p is.2.從句中有具體時間狀語，即使從句動作發(fā)生在主句動作前，仍然用一般過去時。The teacher told me she was born in 1960.即學(xué)即練子連接成為含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句。1) These f

10、lowers are from Guan gdo ng. He said.He saidthese flowersfrom Guangdong.2) Light travels faster tha n sound. My teacher told me.My teacher told melightfaster tha n sound.t know.3) There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnJack didn ' t knowtherea meeting in five days.French.5) Are the child

11、ren playing games? Tell me. Tell methe childrengames.6) Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma ChaoMr. Zhao asked Ma Chaohomework yet.7) How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?Who knowsin the picture?8) Where did she park her car? Do you know? Do you knowher car?9) Wha

12、t does he often talk about? The girl wondered.The girl wonderedoftenabout.10) Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don' t know.I don ' t knowat the door so loudly.4) Can they speak French? I want to know. I want to know11) Does he still live in that street? I don't know.I don't knowh

13、e stillin that street.12) What's his name? I asked him. I asked him what 13) When does the train arrive? Please tell me.Please tell me14) Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. He asked the boystheyfriedchicken.15)Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don't know.I don't knowthe watch

14、made in Shanghai.1) I hope單項選擇it will snow this winter.A.whenB.ifC.whetherD./答案：D hope后面應(yīng)該接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，that在句中沒有任何意義，可以省略。2) I don 't knowMr.Green will come to see us.He will help us with our English.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where答案： A3)I can 't rememberI have seen him before.A.whetherB.whyC.whatD.

15、how從下文的答語看，上文不知道的應(yīng)該是 “來看我們的原因 ”。答案： A本句表達一種不確定的概念，用 whether或if。4) Do you knowI ' m going to see him.Sorry, I don ' t know.A. where does Mr.Li liveB. where did Mr.Li liveC. where Mr.Li livesD. where Mr.Li lived答案：C賓語從句要用陳述語氣，排除 A、B兩項。從句意判斷問的是 現(xiàn)在住哪兒？ ”5)Where do you thinkhethe computerSorry, I

16、 have no idea.A. /; boughtB.has； boughtC.did; buyD.does； buy答案：A do you think是插入語，可以把它去掉，分析句意應(yīng)該用應(yīng)用過去時態(tài)和陳述語序。6)1 can ' t understandhe likes compu ter games so much.A.thatB.whetherC.whyD.where答案：C句意為 我不理解為什么他那么喜歡電腦游戲”。the MP3 player last week?7）（2010北京中考大綱卷）一Do you knowSorry， I have no idea.A. how

17、 much did she pay forB. how much will she pay forC. how much she p aid forD.how much she will pay for答案：C 賓語從句要用陳述語序，由此排除 A、B兩項，由last week判斷應(yīng)該用過去時態(tài)。tomorrow.Ca n you tell me?8)(2010北京中考大綱卷)I don ' t knowA. whe n we startedB. whe n did we startC. whe n we will startD. whe n will we start答案：C 由tom

18、orrow判斷，應(yīng)該用將來時態(tài)表示。經(jīng)典例題例 1 In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeperWho Moved MyCheesewas an in teresti ng book.A.thatB.howC.whatD.if一個讀者問書思路解析：注意本句中斜體部分是一本書的名字誰動了我的奶酪，本句含義是who,容易給人店管理員這本書是不是有趣”。所以答案是D項。答案：D黑色陷阱：本題的主要陷阱是書名Who Moved My Cheese它本身含有一個 造成誤解。綠色通道：在英語中，注意書名一般都是斜體的，且書名的首字母是大寫的，注意把它看成一

19、個 獨立的完整的東西。例 2 I was toldBill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers.A. that howB. how thatC. when thatD. that when思路解析：注意后面從句的含義是 比爾蓋茨十三歲的時候開始玩電腦 ”應(yīng)該用when表示 當(dāng) 時”本句中的that是賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。所以選 D項。答案：D黑色陷阱： 本句結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，主要陷阱設(shè)置在 when 上，它在本句中起到引導(dǎo)后面的時間狀語的作 用。綠色通道： 做此類題，要慢慢理順?biāo)悸?，不要鉆牛角尖，當(dāng)一種含義說不通時，從另一個角度或 另一個含義考慮。例 3 （2010江蘇蘇州中考 ）I wonderZebras.A. what do they call these animalsB. how they call these animalsC. what they call these animalsD. how do