H3C路由學(xué)習(xí)筆記-靜態(tài)路由

1、H3C路由（MSR26-30）1、進(jìn)入系統(tǒng)視圖Startup configuration file does not exist.Performing automatic configuration. Press CTRL_D to break.-按Ctrl + D鍵終止設(shè)備查找自動(dòng)配置Automatic configuration attempt: 1.Not ready for automatic configuration: no interface available.Waiting for the next.Automatic configuration is aborted.-按C

2、trl + D鍵后放棄自動(dòng)配置的嘗試Line aux0 is available.Press ENTER to get started.-到這里系統(tǒng)啟動(dòng)完畢，按回車鍵<H3C>%Aug 22 09:19:53:318 2014 H3C SHELL/5/SHELL_LOGIN: TTY logged in from aux0.-再按一次回車鍵<H3C><H3C> system-viewH3C2、修改路由器名稱<H3C>sysH3Csysname 名稱如將默認(rèn)的路由器名稱改為RoNetwork_Dept，Ro表示設(shè)備類型為路由器，Network_De

3、pt表示部門名稱，以后看到這個(gè)名稱就知道這是什么設(shè)備、在什么位置。建議以后都采用這種方式來給設(shè)備命名，以方便管理。H3Csysname RoNetwork_DeptRoNetwork_Dept如果要恢復(fù)默認(rèn)名稱，使用undo sysname命令：RoNetwork_Deptundo sysnameH3C3、顯示路由表（1）IPv4顯示路由表概要信息：RoNetwork_Deptdisplay ip routing-table顯示路由表詳細(xì)信息：RoNetwork_Deptdisplay ip routing-table verbose顯示某種路由協(xié)議的信息：RoNetwork_Deptdisp

4、lay ip routing-table protocol bgp|direct|guard|isis|ospf|rip|static還有其他信息，可使用？顯示幫助以便選擇：RoNetwork_Deptdisplay ip routing-table ?（2）IPv6只需將IPv4的命令中ip替換成ipv6即可。4、配置接口<H3C>sys<H3C> system-viewH3Cint 接口名稱如配置G0/0接口：RoNetwork_Deptint g0/0RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0-進(jìn)入接口配置視圖配置IP地址：RoNetwor

5、k_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0ip add 12.0.0.1 ?-后面跟掩碼長度也行，跟掩碼也行 INTEGER<1-31> IP mask length X.X.X.X IP maskRoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0ip add 12.0.0.1 24 -24表示掩碼長度為24位，和255.255.255.0等效RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0undo shutdown-激活接口RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0dis int g0/0-查看接口信息5、信息回顯

6、及tracert為了防止命令被系統(tǒng)輸出的消息打斷，可以配置信息回顯：RoNetwork_Deptinfo-center synchronous為防止tracert超時(shí)，鏈路兩端的設(shè)備都要開啟以下功能：RoNetwork_Deptip redirects enable 開啟設(shè)備的ICMP重定向報(bào)文的發(fā)送功能RoNetwork_Deptip ttl-expires enable  開啟設(shè)備的ICMP超時(shí)報(bào)文的發(fā)送功能RoNetwork_Deptip unreachable enable 開啟設(shè)備的ICMP目的不可達(dá)報(bào)文的發(fā)送功能6、配置靜態(tài)路由拓?fù)鋱D：RoNetwork_Dep

7、t端：<H3C>sysSystem View: return to User View with Ctrl+Z.H3Csys RoNetwork_DeptRoNetwork_Deptinfo syncInfo-center synchronous output is on.RoNetwork_Deptint lo0RoNetwork_Dept-LoopBack0ip add 192.168.1.1 24RoNetwork_Dept-LoopBack0int g0/0RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0ip add 12.0.0.1 24RoNetwor

8、k_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0undo shRoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0ip route 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.255 12.0.0.2RoNetwork_Dept%Aug 22 11:45:32:415 2014 RoNetwork_Dept IFNET/3/PHY_UPDOWN: Physical state on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0 changed to up.%Aug 22 11:45:32:416 2014 RoNetwork_Dept IFNET/5/L

9、INK_UPDOWN: Line protocol state on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0 changed to up.-系統(tǒng)發(fā)出的消息，g0/0接口已經(jīng)up了RoNetwork_Deptdis ip roDestinations : 17 Routes : 17Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface0.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop012.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 12.0.0.1 GE0/012.0.0.0/32 Direct 0

10、0 12.0.0.1 GE0/012.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop012.0.0.255/32 Direct 0 0 12.0.0.1 GE0/0127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0127.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0192.168.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 192.168.1.

11、1 Loop0192.168.1.0/32 Direct 0 0 192.168.1.1 Loop0192.168.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0192.168.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 192.168.1.1 Loop0192.168.2.2/32 Static 60 0 12.0.0.2 GE0/0224.0.0.0/4 Direct 0 0 0.0.0.0 NULL0224.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 0.0.0.0 NULL0255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0R

12、oNetwork_Deptping 192.168.2.2 -使用ping命令測試路由是否配置正確Ping 192.168.2.2 (192.168.2.2): 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=1.457 ms56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=1.113 ms56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=1.168 ms56 byt

13、es from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=1.189 ms56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=1.049 ms- Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2 -5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0.0% packet lossround-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 1.049/1.195/1.457/0.140 msRoNetwork_Dept%Aug 22 11:49:29:304

14、2014 RoNetwork_Dept PING/6/PING_STATISTICS: Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2: 5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0.0% packet loss, round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 1.049/1.195/1.457/0.140 ms.RoNetwork_DeptRoNetCenter端：<H3C>sysSystem View: return to User View with Ctrl+Z.H3Csys RoNetCent

15、erRoNetCenterinfo syncInfo-center synchronous output is on.RoNetCenterint lo0RoNetCenter-LoopBack0ip add 192.168.2.2 32RoNetCenter-LoopBack0int g0/0RoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/0ip add 12.0.0.2 24RoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/0undo shRoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/0quitRoNetCenterip ro 192.168.1.1 255.

16、255.255.255 12.0.0.1RoNetCenterdis ip roDestinations : 14 Routes : 14Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface0.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop012.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 12.0.0.2 GE0/012.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 12.0.0.2 GE0/012.0.0.2/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop012.0.0.255/32 Direct 0 0 12.0

17、.0.2 GE0/0127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0127.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0192.168.1.1/32 Static 60 0 12.0.0.1 GE0/0192.168.2.2/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0224.0.0.0/4 Direct 0 0 0.0.0.0 NULL02

18、24.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 0.0.0.0 NULL0255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0RoNetCenter配置等價(jià)靜態(tài)路由RoNetwork_Dept端：RoNetwork_Deptint g0/1RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/1ip add 21.0.0.1 24RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/1undo shRoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/1quitRoNetwork_Deptip ro 192.168.2.2

19、255.255.255.255 21.0.0.2RoNetwork_Deptdis ip roDestinations : 21 Routes : 22Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface0.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop012.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 12.0.0.1 GE0/012.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 12.0.0.1 GE0/012.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop012.0.0.255/32 Direct 0

20、 0 12.0.0.1 GE0/021.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 21.0.0.1 GE0/121.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 21.0.0.1 GE0/121.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop021.0.0.255/32 Direct 0 0 21.0.0.1 GE0/1127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0127.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0127.255.

21、255.255/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0192.168.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 192.168.1.1 Loop0192.168.1.0/32 Direct 0 0 192.168.1.1 Loop0192.168.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0192.168.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 192.168.1.1 Loop0192.168.2.2/32 Static 60 0 12.0.0.2 GE0/0 21.0.0.2 GE0/1224.0.0.0/4 Direct 0 0 0.0.0.0

22、NULL0224.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 0.0.0.0 NULL0255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0RoNetCenter端：RoNetCenterint g0/1RoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/1ip add 21.0.0.2 24RoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/1undo shRoNetCenter-GigabitEthernet0/1quitRoNetCenterip ro 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.255 21.0.0.1RoNetCe

23、nterdis ip roDestinations : 18 Routes : 19Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface0.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop012.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 12.0.0.2 GE0/012.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 12.0.0.2 GE0/012.0.0.2/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop012.0.0.255/32 Direct 0 0 12.0.0.2 GE0/021.0.0.0/24 Direc

24、t 0 0 21.0.0.2 GE0/121.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 21.0.0.2 GE0/121.0.0.2/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop021.0.0.255/32 Direct 0 0 21.0.0.2 GE0/1127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0127.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 In

25、Loop0192.168.1.1/32 Static 60 0 12.0.0.1 GE0/0 21.0.0.1 GE0/1192.168.2.2/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0224.0.0.0/4 Direct 0 0 0.0.0.0 NULL0224.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 0.0.0.0 NULL0255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0測試：RoNetwork_Deptping 192.168.2.2Ping 192.168.2.2 (192.168.2.2): 56 data byt

26、es, press CTRL_C to break56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=0.935 ms56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=1.156 ms56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.732 ms56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=1.301 ms56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=4 t

27、tl=255 time=0.733 ms- Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2 -5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0.0% packet lossround-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 0.732/0.971/1.301/0.227 msRoNetCenterping -r 192.168.1.1-“-r”表示“Record route”，記錄路由Ping 192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1): 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break56

28、bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=0.827 msRR: 21.0.0.1 12.0.0.256 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=0.964 msRR: 12.0.0.1 12.0.0.256 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=1.895 msRR: 21.0.0.1 12.0.0.256 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=0.673 msRR:

29、12.0.0.1 12.0.0.256 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=0.905 msRR: 21.0.0.1 12.0.0.2- Ping statistics for 192.168.1.1 -5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0.0% packet lossround-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 0.673/1.053/1.895/0.432 ms-數(shù)據(jù)包被輪流在兩條鏈路上發(fā)送，但是奇怪的是，只從一條鏈路返回，這與GNS3的Cisco路由器不一樣

30、，Cisco的是從哪條鏈路出去就從哪條鏈路返回：參考：R1#pingProtocol ip:Target IP address: 192.168.2.2Repeat count 5:Datagram size 100:Timeout in seconds 2:Extended commands n: ySource address or interface:Type of service 0:Set DF bit in IP header? no:Validate reply data? no:Data pattern 0xABCD:Loose, Strict, Record, Timesta

31、mp, Verbosenone: rNumber of hops 9 :Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, VerboseRV: r% No room for that optionLoose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, VerboseRV: Record% No room for that optionLoose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, VerboseRV:Sweep range of sizes n:Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte

32、ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.2, timeout is 2 seconds:Packet has IP options: Total option bytes= 39, padded length=40 Record route: <*> (0.0.0.0) (0.0.0.0) (0.0.0.0) (0.0.0.0) (0.0.0.0) (0.0.0.0) (0.0.0.0) (0.0.0.0) (0.0.0.0)Request 0 timed outRequest 1 timed outReply to request 2 (32 ms). Received

33、packet has options Total option bytes= 40, padded length=40 Record route: (12.0.0.1)出去 (192.168.2.2) (12.0.0.2) (12.0.0.1) <*>回來 (0.0.0.0) (0.0.0.0) (0.0.0.0) (0.0.0.0) (0.0.0.0) End of listReply to request 3 (48 ms). Received packet has options Total option bytes= 40, padded length=40 Record

34、route: (21.0.0.1) (192.168.2.2) (21.0.0.2) (21.0.0.1) <*> (0.0.0.0) (0.0.0.0) (0.0.0.0) (0.0.0.0) (0.0.0.0) End of listReply to request 4 (24 ms). Received packet has options Total option bytes= 40, padded length=40 Record route: (12.0.0.1) (192.168.2.2) (12.0.0.2) (12.0.0.1) <*> (0.0.0.

35、0) (0.0.0.0) (0.0.0.0) (0.0.0.0) (0.0.0.0) End of listSuccess rate is 60 percent (3/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 24/34/48 ms RoNetwork_Deptint g0/0RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0sh -關(guān)閉G0/0接口，看看還能不能ping通RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0%Aug 22 12:11:22:912 2014 RoNetwork_Dept IFNET/3/PHY_UPDOWN: Ph

36、ysical state on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0 changed to down.%Aug 22 12:11:22:913 2014 RoNetwork_Dept IFNET/5/LINK_UPDOWN: Line protocol state on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0 changed to down.quitRoNetwork_Deptping 192.168.2.2Ping 192.168.2.2 (192.168.2.2): 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to brea

37、k56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=0.676 ms56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=0.626 ms56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.756 ms56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=0.952 ms56 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=0.740 ms- Pi

38、ng statistics for 192.168.2.2 -5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0.0% packet lossround-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 0.626/0.750/0.952/0.111 msRoNetwork_Dept%Aug 22 12:11:33:357 2014 RoNetwork_Dept PING/6/PING_STATISTICS: Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2: 5 packets transmitted, 5 packets receiv

39、ed, 0.0% packet loss, round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 0.626/0.750/0.952/0.111 ms.可見，當(dāng)其中一條鏈路down了之后，數(shù)據(jù)包可以通過另一條鏈路發(fā)往目的地。配置非等價(jià)靜態(tài)路由：RoNetwork_Deptint g0/0RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0undo sh -重新激活G0/0接口RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0quitRoNetwork_Deptundo ip ro 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.255 12.0.0.2

40、 -刪除前面配置的路由RoNetwork_Deptundo ip ro 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.255 21.0.0.2-刪除前面配置的路由RoNetwork_Deptip ro 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.255 12.0.0.2 preference 1 配置非等價(jià)靜態(tài)路由，指定優(yōu)先級(jí)為1RoNetwork_Deptip ro 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.255 21.0.0.2 -采用默認(rèn)的優(yōu)先級(jí)60，比上一條的優(yōu)先級(jí)低RoNetwork_Deptdis ip roDestinations : 21 Routes : 21D

41、estination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface0.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop012.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 12.0.0.1 GE0/012.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 12.0.0.1 GE0/012.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop012.0.0.255/32 Direct 0 0 12.0.0.1 GE0/021.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 21.0.0.1 GE0/121.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0

42、21.0.0.1 GE0/121.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop021.0.0.255/32 Direct 0 0 21.0.0.1 GE0/1127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0127.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0192.168.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 192.168.1.1

43、Loop0192.168.1.0/32 Direct 0 0 192.168.1.1 Loop0192.168.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0192.168.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 192.168.1.1 Loop0192.168.2.2/32 Static 1 0 12.0.0.2 GE0/0-只顯示高優(yōu)先級(jí)的路由，出口G0/0224.0.0.0/4 Direct 0 0 0.0.0.0 NULL0224.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 0.0.0.0 NULL0255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 127

44、.0.0.1 InLoop0RoNetwork_Deptdis ip ro 192.168.2.2Summary Count : 1Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface192.168.2.2/32 Static 1 0 12.0.0.2 GE0/0RoNetwork_Deptint g0/0RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0sh 再次關(guān)閉G0/0接口，看看路由表的變化RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0%Aug 22 12:24:56:174 2014 RoNetwork

45、_Dept IFNET/3/PHY_UPDOWN: Physical state on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0 changed to down.%Aug 22 12:24:56:177 2014 RoNetwork_Dept IFNET/5/LINK_UPDOWN: Line protocol state on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0 changed to down.RoNetwork_Dept-GigabitEthernet0/0dis ip roDestinations : 17 Routes : 17De

46、stination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface0.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop021.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 21.0.0.1 GE0/121.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 21.0.0.1 GE0/121.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop021.0.0.255/32 Direct 0 0 21.0.0.1 GE0/1127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0127.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0192.168.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 192