(貴陽(yáng)專版)年中考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)考試第二部分語(yǔ)法專題突破篇專題動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)

1、be過(guò)去分詞專題十二動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài), 貴陽(yáng)中考命題規(guī)律及趨勢(shì)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)為貴陽(yáng)中考單項(xiàng)選擇題的必考點(diǎn)，且都與時(shí)態(tài)相結(jié)合，主要表現(xiàn)為初中幾種基本時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置均為一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的兩種不同時(shí)態(tài)和不同語(yǔ)態(tài)。語(yǔ)境設(shè)置在近三年來(lái)很少出現(xiàn)明顯的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)提示，需要分析語(yǔ)境才能判斷出選項(xiàng)。另外，在完形填空、閱讀理解和作文中，也會(huì)涉及到被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。, 貴陽(yáng)中考重難點(diǎn)突破被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) am/is/are 過(guò)去分詞一般過(guò)去時(shí) was/were過(guò)去分詞一般將來(lái)時(shí) shall/will be過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) should/would be過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) am/is/are being過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) was/

2、were being 過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) has/have been 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去完成時(shí) had been過(guò)去分詞含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)的分類英語(yǔ)中有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。(1) 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。如：Many people speak English there.那兒很多人說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。(2) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行為動(dòng)詞的對(duì)象。如：Chinese is spoken by many people.漢語(yǔ)被很多人說(shuō)。 (Chinese是動(dòng)詞 speak 的承受者 )2被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞( 用 done 表示 )

3、 ”構(gòu)成。常見(jiàn)的八種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)如下：時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are過(guò)去分詞Chinese is spoken by manypeople.一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/were 過(guò)去分詞Chinese was spoken by manypeople.shall/will be過(guò)去分詞或Chinese will be spoken by many一般將來(lái)時(shí)am/is/are going to be過(guò)去分people. 或： Chinese is going to詞be spoken by many people.續(xù)表時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)例句過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)should/wo

4、uld be過(guò)去分詞或Chinese would be spoken by1was/were going to be過(guò)去分詞many people. 或： Chinese wasgoing to be spoken by manypeople.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are being過(guò)去分詞Chinese is being spoken bymany people.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were being過(guò)去分詞Chinese was being spoken bymany people.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)has/have been 過(guò)去分詞Chinese has been spoken bymany

5、people.過(guò)去完成時(shí)had been過(guò)去分詞Chinese had been spoken bymany people.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 be過(guò)去分詞Chinese must be spoken by many被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)people.3. 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法(1) 圖示(2) 口訣：賓變主，主變賓，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)(3) 變換步驟：將主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)?！咀⒁狻咳绻鲃?dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)是代詞，需將其由賓格變?yōu)橹鞲?。如：Tom killed him He was killed by Tom.湯姆殺了他。將動(dòng)詞改為“ be過(guò)去分詞”?！咀⒁狻縝e 動(dòng)詞與新主語(yǔ)相一致，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：They

6、helda meeting yesterday.A meetingwas_held bythem yesterday.他們昨天開(kāi)會(huì)了。將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)改為by 放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后。【注意】如果原主語(yǔ)是代詞，則應(yīng)由主格變?yōu)橘e格。如：He sang a song. A song was sungby_him 他唱了一首歌。4常見(jiàn)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)(1) 含有雙賓語(yǔ) ( 即直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ) ) 的句子，多把間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，直接賓語(yǔ)不變。如：Jack told us the truth.We were told the truth by Jack.杰克告訴了我們真相。(2) 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中有些感

7、官動(dòng)詞( 如： hear ， see， watch ， notice等 ) 后用不帶to 的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，要把不定式符號(hào)to 還原。即： hear(see) sb.do sth.sb.be heard(seen) to do sth.如：We heard the girl play the piano in the music classroom. The girl was heard to play the pianoin the music classroom by us.我們聽(tīng)見(jiàn)那女孩在音樂(lè)教室彈鋼琴。(3) 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中有些使役動(dòng)詞( 如： make， let等)

8、后用不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，同樣要把不定式符號(hào)to 還原。即： make sb.do sth.sb.be made to do sth.如：The teacher makes his students do much homework every day. His students are made to do muchhomework by the teacher every day.那位老師讓他的學(xué)生每天做很多家庭作業(yè)。(4) 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)2短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)整體，不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。如：This is a photo of the power station

9、 that has been set up in my hometown.My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.Such a thing has never been heard of before.(5) 表示“據(jù)說(shuō)”或“相信”的詞組believe ， consider， declare，expect ，feel ， report ， say， see ，suppose ， think，understandIt is said that據(jù)說(shuō)It is reported that 據(jù)報(bào)道It is believed that大家相信It is h

10、oped that大家希望It is well known that 眾所周知It is thought that大家認(rèn)為It is suggested that據(jù)建議It is taken for granted that被視為理所當(dāng)然It has been decided that 大家決定It must be remembered that 務(wù)必記住的是例如： It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.5不能使用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的情況(1) 連系動(dòng)詞，如： look ， feel ，smell 等，以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。如：The

11、flower smells sweet.這花聞起來(lái)很香。(2) 有些動(dòng)詞在后面跟動(dòng)詞ing 形式表被動(dòng)含義。如need/want/require/worth(形容詞 )Your hair wants cutting.你的頭發(fā)該理了。The floor requires washing.地板需要沖洗。The book is worth reading.這本書(shū)值得一讀。Your shoes need cleaning right now.你的鞋子需要馬上清理一下。(3) 不及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：happen， appear ， disappear ， end( vi . 結(jié)束 ) ， fa

12、il ，last ， lie ， remain ， sit ，spread ，stand break out ， come true ，fall asleep ， keep silence ， lose heart ， take place. 如：The story happened on a cold night.故事發(fā)生在一個(gè)寒冷的夜晚。比較： rise ， fall， happen 是不及物動(dòng)詞；raise ，seat 是及物動(dòng)詞。( 錯(cuò) ) The price has been risen.( 對(duì) ) The price has risen.( 錯(cuò) ) The accident was

13、 happened last week.( 對(duì) ) The accident happened last week.( 錯(cuò) ) The price has raised.( 對(duì) ) The price has been raised.( 錯(cuò) ) Please seat.( 對(duì) ) Please be seated.要想正確地使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，就必須注意哪些動(dòng)詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動(dòng)詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問(wèn)題唯有在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中多留意積累。6主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義3如： wash， clean ， cook ，iron ， look ， cut ， sell， read ，wea

14、r， feel ， draw， write， sell ， drive 該用法通常與well ， easily， slowly ， quickly等副詞連用。如：The book sells well.這本書(shū)銷售的好。This knife cuts easily.這刀子很好用。7特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：make sb.heard/understood(使別人能聽(tīng)見(jiàn) / 理解自己 ) ， have sth.done(要某人做某事) 。如：Your hair is too long.You should have your hair cut., 貴陽(yáng)中考題例及解析一、單項(xiàng)選擇根據(jù)語(yǔ)境或句意，選擇可填入句子的最佳

15、選項(xiàng)。() 1. ( 2015 貴陽(yáng)中考 )The mobile phone has influenced people's life a lot since it _A inventsB inventedC was invented【解析】答案為C考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：自從手機(jī)發(fā)明后，它在很大程度上影響了人們的生活。根據(jù)句意判斷用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，手機(jī)與動(dòng)詞invent 在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。() 2. ( 2016貴陽(yáng)中考 )On June11th ， 2013 ， Shenzhou - 10 carryingthreeastronauts_ intospa

16、ce from the space center in Jiuquan.All the Chinese people are proud of its successful launch.A sent up B are sent upC was sent up【解析】答案為C本題考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)。由On June 11th， 2013可知該句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，排除 B 項(xiàng)；主語(yǔ) Shenzhou-10 與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故選C。() 3. This listening material，together with its CD- ROMs， _well.A sel

17、lsB sellCis sold【解析】答案為A某些可以和well，easily ，smoothly等副詞連用的不及物動(dòng)詞如read ， write，wash，clean ， draw ， cook ， sell， lock ， open等，用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表被動(dòng)含義。本句的主語(yǔ)為T(mén)his listening material為第三人稱單數(shù)； sell well意為“暢銷”。故選 A。() 4. Teenagers _ allowed to drive.A should not be B should be notC not should be【解析】答案為A本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的否定形式。其形

18、式為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞not be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。故選 A。二、基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)與運(yùn)用根據(jù)語(yǔ)境或句意，用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1 The Olympics _(will hold) in Beijing next year.【解析】答案為will be held明年奧運(yùn)會(huì)將在北京被舉行。一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。2 This building _(build) in zoo last year.【解析】答案為was built句子中有l(wèi)ast year作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，這棟大樓被修建，應(yīng)該使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。3 The boy is often seen _(play) baseball by us.【解析】答案為to play主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的感官動(dòng)詞后用不帶to 的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，要4把不定式to 還原。, 考點(diǎn)搶測(cè)一、詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用1 Which language _has_ the most widely _been_spoken_(speak)in the world?2 Last year a large number of trees _