英語語法：虛擬語氣的用法(共5頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上虛擬語氣的用法一、虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的用法1. 在動詞wish后的賓語從句中，表示與現(xiàn)在或過去的事實相反，或?qū)淼闹饔^愿望，從句通常省略連詞that。表示對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：從句動詞用過去式或過去進(jìn)行式（be動詞一般用were）例：1) I wish I knew the answer to the question.我希望知道這個問題的答案。2) I wish it were autumn in Beijing all the year around.但愿北京全年是秋天。表示對過去情況的虛擬：從句動詞常用“had過去分詞”例：1) I wish I hadnt s

2、pent so much money.我后悔不該花那么多錢。2) He wishes he had not lost the chance.他真希望沒有失去機(jī)會。表示對將來的主觀愿望：從句動詞形式為“would動詞原形”注意：主句的主語與從句的主要不能相同，因為主句的主語所期望的從句動作能否實現(xiàn)，取決于從句主語的態(tài)度或意愿（非動物名詞除外）。例：1) I wish it would stop raining.但愿雨能停止。2)I wish you would come soon.但愿你立刻來。2. 在一個堅持（insist）,兩個命令（order, command）,三個建議（suggest,

3、 advice, propose）,四個要求（ ask, demand request, require）等動詞后的賓語從句中，謂語動詞用“(should)動詞原形”，表示建議、要求、命令等。例：1) I suggest that we (should) set off at once.我建議馬上動身。2) The students insisted that they (should) have more English classes學(xué)生們堅持要多上英語課。3. 在主語would (had) rather that 賓語從句中，從句謂語用過去式表示虛擬形式。例：I would rather

4、 they went with me.我倒希望他們和我一起去。二、 虛擬語氣在條件句中的用法 條件句有真實條件句和非真實條件句兩種。真實條件句所表示的假設(shè)是可能發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的。句中的條件從句與結(jié)果主句皆用陳述語氣。例： If I have enough money next year, I will go to America. 假如明年我有錢，我就去美國。. 非真實條件句所表的假設(shè)則是不可能或不大可能發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的，句中的條件從句與結(jié)果主句皆用虛擬語氣。條件從句的謂語形式主語的謂語從句形式與現(xiàn)在事實相反If 主語+動詞過去式主語 +should/would/could/might + 動詞原形與

5、過去事實相反If 主語+had +動詞過去分詞主語+should/would/could/might + have +過去分詞與將來事實相反If 主語+動詞過去式+should +動詞原形+were to +動詞原形主語+should/would/couldmight + 動詞原形1. 表示跟現(xiàn)在事實相反 從句的謂語用動詞的過去式（be的過去式用were），構(gòu)成If I （we, you, he, they）動詞過去式的形式；主句的謂語用would(第二、三人稱)/should（第一人稱）/might/could動詞原形例：1) If I were you, I should (would,

6、could, might)tell him the truth.要是我是你，我就會對他說實話。2) If he had time, he would (could, might) go with you.如果他有時間，他就會（可能）和你去。 2. 與過去的事實相反從句的謂語用had過去分詞，構(gòu)成If I (we, you, he, they)had過去分詞的形式；主句的謂語用should（第一人稱）/would（第二、三人稱）/could/might have 動詞過去分詞。例：1) He would never have behaved like that if he had had a g

7、ood education.昨晚如果假如受過良好的教育，他就不會表現(xiàn)成那樣。2) If I had time last night, I should have come to see you.有時間，我就會來看你的.3) If my watch had not stopped, I should have been on time.假如我的表不停，我就會準(zhǔn)時的。3. 與將來事實相反從句的謂語用If I (we, you, he, they) 動詞過去式或were to do 或should do 形式，主句謂語用should（第一人稱）/would（第二、三人稱）/could/ might

8、動詞原形。例：1) If he should see me, he would know me假如他看見我， 就會認(rèn)識我。.2) If we climbed to the top of the mountain, should we get a good view?假如我們爬上山頂，我們能有一個好的視野嗎？4. If從句中若含有should, had 或者were，那么就可以把它們放在句首，與主語顛倒形成倒裝，但動詞過去式不可以與主語倒裝。例：1) Were he here, he would come to help us.如果他在，他會來幫助我們。2) Had you been here

9、just now, you would have met her.假如你剛才在這里，你就會遇見她。3) Had you done as I told you, you would have succeeded.假如你按照我說的去做，你就會成功。5. 當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，被稱為“錯綜時間條件句”，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。例：1) If I were not busy, I would have come.假如我不忙，我家會來了。2) You would be much better now if you had taken my a

10、dvice.假如你接受了我的意見，你現(xiàn)在就會好的多。6. 用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句。常用的介詞由with, without, but for等。What would you do with a million dollars? =if you had a million dollarsWe couldnt have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (if we hadnt got your help)But for rain(=If it hadnt been for the rain), we would have fi

11、nished the work.7 含蓄條件句有時為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而通過其他手段代替條件句。1) I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet.（副詞）2) He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it .（連詞）3) A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about s

12、even days. （定語從句）4) Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly.（獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）三、虛擬語氣在主語從句中的用法 主語從句是Its necessary (natural, important, strange, surprising, better, a pity, no wonder) that時， 謂語的虛擬形式用 （should）原形動詞或shouldhave過去分詞來表示。例：1) It is necessary that a high school

13、student should master a foreign language.高中學(xué)生掌握一門外語很有必要。2) It is a pity that he should be absent today.很遺憾他居然沒有在注意：有些過去分詞可以當(dāng)形容詞使用，在主語從句中要用虛擬語氣，常見的有：desired, demanded, requested, suggested, required等。四、虛擬語氣在表語從句和同位語從句的用法 在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request, advice等名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣。

14、其構(gòu)成是“should動詞原形”。 例：1) My idea is that we should think it over before accepting it.我認(rèn)為我們在接受之前應(yīng)該考慮一下。2) We all agreed to his suggestion that we should go to Zhangjiajie for sightseeing.我門所有人都同意他提出的去張家界觀光的建議。五、其他1. 在It is (high) time (that)的句型中，定語從句的虛擬形式常用過去式或should動詞原形（should不能省略），表示“現(xiàn)在該”例：It is time

15、 we left.我們該走了。2. if only表示一種假設(shè)情況，意思是“要是······就好了”，相當(dāng)于主語wish。例：1) If only it were Sunday today.要是今天是星期天就好了。2) If only he had a sense of humor.要是他幽默點就好了。3. 由as if (as though) 或even though(even though) 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句表示比較或方式時，從句謂語形式為動詞的過去式（be用were）或“had過去分詞”。例：1) He treats me as

16、if I were a stranger.他那樣對待我，好像我是陌生人似的。2) She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.她談?wù)撃遣坑捌?，就好像她確實看過一樣。注意：如果表示的事情可能會發(fā)生，那么方式狀語從句中的謂語動詞可用陳述語氣。3. 虛擬語氣用在含有If it were not for或If it had not been for 條件句中。例：1) If it were not for the rain, the crops would die.如果沒有雨，莊稼就會死掉。2) If it had not been for your help, we couldnt have fi