賓語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法講解及專(zhuān)題訓(xùn)練

1、第 17 講賓語(yǔ)從句高職考綱中賓語(yǔ)從句測(cè)試的重點(diǎn)是：掌握賓語(yǔ)從句的基本用法1.掌握賓語(yǔ)從句的各不同引導(dǎo)詞的用法。掌握賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序。掌握賓語(yǔ)從句中，主句與從句在時(shí)態(tài)上的相互呼應(yīng)。掌握由 it 作形式賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句的定義賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)，從句放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（及物動(dòng)詞），介詞或某些形容詞之后，前后不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。如I don t know if/whether he will come tomorrow.She was interested in what I said.二、賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞1、 由連詞 that 弓 I 導(dǎo)的陳述句性的賓語(yǔ)從句，在很多動(dòng)詞如say, think,

2、 hope, see, believe,expect, hear 等動(dòng)詞后。連詞 that 只起連接作用，在從句中不做句子的成分，也無(wú)詞匯意義，在口語(yǔ)中常被省略。He says （that） his father is a boss.注意事項(xiàng)：許多帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子，that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)常移到句子后部，而用 it 作形式賓語(yǔ)。如:I find it necessary that we should learn English well.2、 由連詞 if、whether 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句表示 是否,”。Whether,if 在從句中不做句子的 成分，一般情況下， whether 和 if 可

3、以替換，但在特殊情況下 if 與 whether 是不能互換的。I wonder whether （if） they will come to our party.當(dāng) whether 與 or not 連用時(shí) whether 不可換用 if。在介詞后面只能用whether ,不能用 if。在動(dòng)詞不定式之前，只能用 whether ,不能用 if。He doesnt know whether to stay or not.3、由 wh-引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。連接代詞 who,whom,whose, what, which,和連接副詞 when, where,why, how 等連接的賓語(yǔ)從句，它們?cè)诰?/p>

4、中既有連接從句的作用，又在句中充當(dāng)句子的成分。Do you know which film they are talking about? （which 在從句中做定語(yǔ) ）I don t know where he lives. （where 在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) ）三、賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序賓語(yǔ)從句屬于名詞性從句，它的語(yǔ)序必須是陳述語(yǔ)序，即連接詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他成分如:I believe that they will come soon.He asked me whether I was a teacher.They wanted to know what they can do for us.四、

5、賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)。賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)受主句的限制，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)。如果從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之前，則從句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。如:She says that she is a student.She said that she was a student.She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.She says that she has finished her homework already.She said

6、 that she had finished her homework already.注意事項(xiàng)：如果賓語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或事實(shí)時(shí)，這時(shí)賓語(yǔ)從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。如:The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.He told me that Japan is an island country.Could you tell me ,是用來(lái)征詢(xún)對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)，語(yǔ)氣委婉，并不表示過(guò)去。如: Could you tell me when we will visit the farm?五.其他常見(jiàn)用法否定轉(zhuǎn)移問(wèn)題在 think, bel

7、ieve , suppose, consider 等動(dòng)詞所跟的賓語(yǔ)從句中，如果從句表示的是否定意義，一般要將否定詞移至主句的謂語(yǔ)上，而將從句變?yōu)榭隙ㄐ问健Ｈ纾篒 m sorry , but I don t think I know you.很抱歉，我想我并不認(rèn)識(shí)你。I don t believe that the man is killed by Jim. 我認(rèn)為那個(gè)人不是吉姆所殺的。例 1 （2008 年，陜西）He asked me _we could go to Beijing to watch the game by plane.A. that B. if C. how D. what

8、解析考查賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞。根據(jù)主句可以推出賓語(yǔ)從句表達(dá)的是不確定的語(yǔ)氣，所以排除選項(xiàng) A;賓語(yǔ)從句中沒(méi)有缺少與how 和 what 相對(duì)應(yīng)的句子成分，故本題應(yīng)選 B。例 2 （2008 年，湖北武漢）Do you know?Sorry, I dont know.A. where does Jimmy workB. where Jimmy worksC. how does Jimmy go to work D. what does Jimmy do解析考查陳述句語(yǔ)序。A、G D 用的是疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序，所以該題的正確答案應(yīng)為Bo例 3 （2008 年，北京）Do you know for Shangha

9、i last night?At 9:00.A. what time he leavesB. what time does he leaveC. what time he leftD. what time did he leave解析考查陳述句語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)序，可以排除選項(xiàng)B 和 D,從時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) last night 可以推斷賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)該使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故本題的正確答案是C。例 4 （2009 年，浙江平湖）I think best that you should stay here.A. this B. that C. it D. what解析考查 it 引導(dǎo)的形式賓語(yǔ)。that 后面引導(dǎo)

10、的是賓語(yǔ)從句，it 起形式賓語(yǔ)的作用，this, that, what都不能作形式賓語(yǔ)，故本題的正確答案是Co例 5 （2010 年，浙江杭州）Linda said the moon round the earth.A. travelled B. has travelled C. had travelled D. travells解析考查時(shí)態(tài)。賓語(yǔ)從句表達(dá)的是事實(shí)真理時(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故本題的正確答案是Do例 6 （2009 年，嘉興）In some western countries , when you hear something like an invitation, listen c

11、arefully to makesure _ it is a real invitation or not.A. ifB.whetherC. weatherD. that解析考查賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞。句意“在一些西方國(guó)家，當(dāng)你聽(tīng)到像邀請(qǐng)之類(lèi)的東西，你要仔細(xì)聽(tīng)來(lái)確定是否是一個(gè)真正的邀請(qǐng)?！辟e語(yǔ)從句表達(dá)的是一個(gè)不確實(shí)的事，且后面有 or not,故本題的正確答案是 B。例 7 （2010 年，寧波）We don t believe (that) they will come tomorrow,?A. do we B.don t we C. will they D.won t they解析考查賓語(yǔ)從句的否

12、定轉(zhuǎn)移。真正的否定意義在從句，這種否定前移的賓語(yǔ)從句，在變成反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句的主謂語(yǔ)要與從句一致。本題的正確答案是C。1. I find strange she doesn t want to travel.A. it, that B. that, that C. it, what D. that, what2004 年高職考試題解析考查 it 作形式賓語(yǔ)。真正的賓語(yǔ)從句不缺what 對(duì)應(yīng)的成分，故本題正確答案為A。2. No one can be sure in a million years.A. man will look like whatB. what will man lo

13、ok likeC. what man will look likeD. what look will man like2004 年高職考試題3. Please tell us to the Science Museum.A. how can we reachB. how we can reachC. how can we getD. how we can get20005 年高職考試題解析第 2.3 兩題考查賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序與get to 短語(yǔ)。2 題正確答案為 C, 3 題正確答案為 D。4. Mike wants to know ifa picnic tomorrow.Yes, But if

14、 it , we ll visit the famous company instead.A. you will have, rains B. you will have, will rainC. you have, will rainD. will you have, rains20005 年高職考試題解析本題考查在賓語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)中的不同用法。第一個(gè) if 位于及物動(dòng)詞后面，所以 引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句，時(shí)間是 tomorrow，用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)；第二個(gè) if 引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句，用 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)，故本題的正確答案是 A。4.Do you know when?Oh ,it s oDecem

15、ber 1 st.A.the World AIDS day are .B,are the World AIDS Day .C.the World AIDS Day isD.is the world AIDS Day .2009 年高職考試題解析考查賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序與主謂一致。the World AIDS Day 作主語(yǔ)，是單數(shù)概念，一個(gè)日子， 正確答案為 Co5. Emily couldn t find her key .She didn t remember.A. what it wasB. where was itC. what was itD. where it was2010 年高職考試

16、題解析考查賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序和引導(dǎo)詞。從句中缺少表示地點(diǎn)的表語(yǔ)，正確答案為Do單項(xiàng)填空He says he will go skating tomorrow.A. whatB. that C. if D.how一 Could you please tell me?一 I live in Hangzhou, Zhejiang .A. where do you liveB. if you live in GuilinC. where you liveD. where you were born3. No one tells us, so we need your help.A. how should

17、we doB. what we should do4. My physics teacher said that light faster than sound.A travels B travel C travelled D. travelling5. They said that they in a week.A. will come back B. would come back C. come back D. Came back6. Could you tell me we are going mountain hiking tomorrow or not?A. whether B.

18、if C. when D. where7. I dont know.A.which room I can liveB.which room can I liveC.which room I can live inD.which room can I live in8. I don t know if it tomorrow, If it, IA.rains;rainsB. Rains;will rain C. will rain; rains D. will rain; will rain9. Do you remember you said at the meeting?A.when B.

19、where C.that D. what10. Lucy said she such a beautiful piece of music before.A. hasn t heard B. hadn t heard C. doesn t hear D. didn t hear二、用合適的連接詞填空。1. Jim told me he didnt go fishing yesterday afternoon. (when, why )2. Do you know else is going to be on duty today ? (who, whom )3. She said it wou

20、ldnt matter much. (that, what)4. He always thinks he can do better. (how, who)5. I really dont know the bridge will be finished. ( how long, how soon )6. They dont know _ to go or wait. (if, whether)7. They dont know _ their parents are. (where,when)8. I was really surprised at _ I saw. (that, what)

21、9. I dont know_ way I should take. (which, where)10. Do you know you are studying for? (why, what)三、用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。1. We are sure that he _(go) to school tomorrow.2. Do you know who _ (be) the first man to walk on the moon?3. Could you tell me where the post office _ (is)?4. Our father said that he(wi

22、ll) buy a new computer.5. I hear that he _(swim) in the sea yesterday.6. The little boy tells us where his father _ (work).7. He said that he(finish) his work already.8. They thought they could(hike) to the top of the mountain.9. He was glad that so many people(help) him when he was in trouble.10. S

23、he doesn t know whether(go) or wait.C. how we should doD. what should we doll not go fishing.一.填入適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~完成句子。1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China ? Could you tell us ?Could you tell us Mr . Brown living in China ?2. When does the train leave ? I want to know .I want to know the train3. Did Peter co

24、me here yesterday ? Li Lei wants to know .Li Lei wants to know Peter here yesterday .4. I think this is a good idea.(改為否定句)I this a good idea.5. He has been to Beijing before.He said he been to Beijing before.二.把下列句子改寫(xiě)成賓語(yǔ)從句1. You were ill yesterday. (I hear)2. How old is he? (He doesnt know3. Have they finished the experimen