七年級英語下冊 Module 4 Unit 2 Santa Claus is coming to town知識精講 牛津沈陽版

1、Module 4 Garden City and its neighboursUnit 2 Santa Claus is coming to town掌握詞匯advertisement n.廣告            believe v.相信                      &#

2、160;hang v.懸掛honest adj.誠實的                  match v.相配                         message n.音訊、信息

3、nearly adv.幾乎                       prepare v.準備                      public adj.公共的pull v.拉

4、60;                                 sentence n.句子               &

5、#160;    since prep.從.以來voice n.噪音、說話聲             popular adj.受歡迎的          special adj.特殊的queen n.城鎮(zhèn)              

6、;             present n.禮物                      goose n.鵝queen n.女王            &

7、#160;              burn燃燒 認知詞匯angel n.天使                            beautifully adv.漂亮地    

8、;    coloured adj.彩色的、有色的eve n.前夕、前夜                    exchange v.交換                  patient adj.耐心的shepherd n.牧羊

9、人                 stocking n.長襪、襪子         unwrapped adj.未包裝的hardworking adj.勤勞的         tasty adj.美味的 重點詞組Santa Claus 圣誕老人More than 超過，多于Pr

10、epare for 為準備Look for 尋找Hard-working 忍耐的，耐心的Christmas Eve 圣誕夜，平安夜Hang up 懸掛Christmas Day 圣誕節(jié)Jesus Christ 耶酥Boxing Day 節(jié)禮日Father Christmas 圣誕老人重點句型We are looking for someone who loves children. People have eaten turkey at Christmas since 1950.It has been a popular Christmas meal for more than 300 yea

11、rs. Turkey is a popular dish which people usually eat at Christmas. How long have you studied at Rose Garden School?Ive studied at this school for nearly seven years. 語法指南(一)現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成 have（has）+過去分詞肯定句：主語（第一、二人稱單、復數(shù)和第三人稱復數(shù)）+have+過去分詞We have already finished the work.主語（第三人稱單數(shù)）+has+過去分詞He has ret

12、urned home.否定句式 have（has）+not+過去分詞We have not seen each other for seven years. 注意：havent = have nothasnt = has notweve = we have另外，whats有可能是what is或what has兩種形式，需要根據(jù)上下文確定。一般疑問句式 have（has）+主語+過去分詞+其他Has Jim already met you?過去分詞的幾種用法：1）構(gòu)成完成時I have just arrived. 我剛到。2）構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)He was praised. 他受到了表揚。3）作定語

13、表示完成或被動a well-written book 寫得很好的書a girl called Mary 叫瑪麗的女孩4）轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞a broken glass 打碎的玻璃杯現(xiàn)在完成時的用法。1現(xiàn)在完成時的定義：動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果。2強調(diào)過去的動作和狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響和結(jié)果。常用的時間狀語有：already, yet, never，有時沒有時間狀語；多是一般疑問句。I have already seen the film.Have you decided yet?3剛剛和最近發(fā)生的動作和狀態(tài)。常用的時間狀語有：just, lately, recently, in the pa

14、st few days/weeks注意：just 和just now用不同的時態(tài)，just now(剛才)一般用過去時。I have just phoned him?I have visited my parents recently.4從過去一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作和狀態(tài)。常用的時間狀語有：since, （可用作介詞和連詞）for 注意：主句的謂語動詞一般是延續(xù)性的動詞，如果是否定形式，主句的謂語動詞可用瞬間動詞，否則，不能用瞬間動詞。I have lived here for 20 years.I have lived here since I came to this cityI have

15、learned English since 10 years ago.He hasn't come to visit us for a few months.5從過去到現(xiàn)在一段時間的動作和狀態(tài)。常用的時間狀語有：up till now, so far, in this morning, in this week, in this year, in my life注意：這兩句話的區(qū)別I have seen him this morning. (時間還在上午)I saw him this morning. (時間不是在上午了)We have learned so many things f

16、rom you so far.I have seen any bird like this in my life.6對過去的體驗和經(jīng)歷。常用的時間狀語有：before, ever, once, twice, many times注意：這兩句話的區(qū)別I have been to Beijing （去過北京）I have gone to Beijing（去北京了，人還沒回來）Have you seen tiger before?I have been to Shanghai many times.（二）定語從句結(jié)構(gòu) 先行詞（被修飾名詞或代詞）+關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞+The river（主語先行詞）w

17、hich runs through the city（定語從句）is a beautiful sight.（謂語） 穿過這座城市的那條河流是一道美麗的風景。A doctor is a person who looks after peoples health. 先行詞 主語 謂語 賓語定語從句醫(yī)生就是照顧病人的人。This is the factory where my father works. 先行詞 地點狀語 主語 謂語 定語從句這就是我爸爸工作的那個工廠。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞修飾人用 who whom whose that修飾物用 which that 關(guān)系副詞 when where w

18、hyWe are looking for someone who loves children.A small bird which is brown and red.如何確定定語從句的引導詞引導定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有who, whom, whose, which, that；關(guān)系副詞有where, when, why。它們都在定語從句中擔任句子成分。現(xiàn)分述如下：1. 定語從句如果修飾人，常常用關(guān)系代詞who，有時也用that (作主語時多用who)。例如：He is a man who / that often helps others. 他是一位經(jīng)常幫助別人的人。如果這個關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓

19、語， 就應當用whom或that， 但這種情況往往都可以把引導詞省略，且在口語中可用who代替whom。例如：Here is the man (whom / that / who) you would like to see. 這就是你想見的那個人。值得注意的是，如果是在介詞的后面就只能用whom。例如：The boy to whom I spoke is my brother. 剛才和我說話的那個男孩是我弟弟。如果表示“的”時，就用who的所有格whose。例如：Is there anyone in our class whose father is a doctor? 我們班有誰的父親是當

20、醫(yī)生的嗎？whose的先行詞也可是物。例如：The house whose windows face the street is my uncle's. 窗戶面朝街的那座房子是我叔叔的。2. 定語從句如果修飾“物”，用關(guān)系代詞that的時候較多，有時也用which。例如：It's a computer which / that costs six thousand yuan. 這是一臺價值六千元的電腦。當這個代詞在從句中用作賓語時，往往都會把它省略。例如：The present(that / which) you gave me is very beautiful. 你給我的那

21、件禮物非常漂亮。在介詞的后面只能用which。例如：This is the book about which they are talking. 這就是他們正在談論的那本書。3. 定語從句修飾一個表示時間的詞時，用關(guān)系副詞when。例如：I will never forget the day when I met her. 我將永遠不會忘記我見到她的那一天。4. 定語從句修飾地點名詞時，用關(guān)系副詞where。例如：This is the place where we lived for five years. 這就是我們曾經(jīng)住過五年的地方。5. 定語從句修飾一個表示原因的詞時，用關(guān)系副詞why

22、。例如：I know the reason why she didn't come yesterday. 我知道她昨天沒來的原因。引導定語從句的關(guān)系代詞 引導定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom和whose。若先行詞是人且在從句中作主語時，關(guān)系詞選用who或that; 作賓語時可選用whom或that，且常可省略。若先行詞為物且在從句中作主語或賓語時，關(guān)系詞則用which或that；作賓語時可省略。whose既可指人又可指物，在從句中作定語。例如：1. The boy who / that told me the news has left.2.

23、A clock is a machine that / which tells us the time.3. The man (who / whom / that) you talked about just now is my friend.4. The students whose home are far away live in the school.由此可見，定語從句關(guān)系詞的選擇并不難，關(guān)鍵是弄清先行詞是人還是物，在從句中作什么成分以及句式結(jié)構(gòu)等。但若先行詞在從句中作相同的成分，引導詞又該如何判斷呢？一、 先行詞為物時，which與that的區(qū)別。在下列情況下，通常只用that。1.

24、 當先行詞為none, one, few, little, all, many, much, every, something, everything, anything, nothing時。例如：She did all that she could to help him.Is there anything else that you require?2. 當先行詞被some, every, little, few, many, much, all, any, no, none等詞修飾時。例如：There is little water that you can drink.You can

25、take any seat that is free. 3. 當先行詞被the same, the last, the only, the right, the very等詞修飾時。例如：It's the last place that we want to visit.This is the very film that we enjoy.4. 當先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。例如：This is the first exam that we have this term.This is the best novel that I have read.5. 當先行詞既有人又有物

26、時。例如：He talked happily of the men and the book that interested us.6. 當主句是which引導的特殊疑問句時。例如：Which of the books that are on the desk moved him?在下列情況下只用which。1. 當關(guān)系代詞前使用介詞時。例如：That was the train by which they went to Jinan.2. 當先行詞本身是that時。例如：The predicate(謂語) is that which is said of subject (主語)。3. 在非限制性定語從句中。例如：Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.4. 當指物的關(guān)系代詞被指人的短語隔離時。例如：The cat beside the girl which is lovely was bought yesterday.二、 先行詞為人時，who與