初中英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單句基本類型與句子成分

1、英語(yǔ)句子成分及簡(jiǎn)單句的根本類型句子成分意義及位置充當(dāng)詞類例句主語(yǔ)表示句子說(shuō)的是“什么人或“什么事。通常在句子前部。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、短語(yǔ)或句子。We study in No. 17 middle school.Jim is an American boy.Two heads are better than one.謂語(yǔ)e說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“做什么“是什么或“怎么樣。通常在主語(yǔ)后除疑問(wèn)、倒裝句外。由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組充當(dāng)。Time tries all thing.(時(shí)間檢驗(yàn)一切Lucy is dancing under the tree.Her parents are both workers

2、.賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象。在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、短語(yǔ)或句子。Love me, love my dog. (愛(ài)屋及烏These girls like English.Did you see him yesterday?表語(yǔ)與系動(dòng)詞連用，一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)局部、說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征。常在系動(dòng)詞之后。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、短語(yǔ)或句子。His father is a bus driver.My car is white.We were at school yesterday.Health is wealth. (健康就是財(cái)富。定語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞。單個(gè)詞常在修

3、飾的詞前，短語(yǔ)或句子在被修飾的詞之后。形、代、數(shù)、名、介詞短語(yǔ)或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)。The red one is mine.What is his name?A friend in need is a friend indeed.(患難見(jiàn)真情。狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式等。位置較靈活。通常由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示。Our teacher works very hard.She often helps Mike.They had a meeting in Shanghai.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，邏輯上與賓語(yǔ)是“主謂關(guān)系。在賓語(yǔ)后。由

4、形容詞、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng)。We named the baby Lily.She made the room clean.同位語(yǔ)重復(fù)指代并進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明名詞及名詞性詞語(yǔ)。在被修飾詞后。名詞、名詞性短語(yǔ)、從句等。They all work hard.John, a friend of hers, has gone.句子成分 學(xué)記口訣：主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)是根底，賓表定狀補(bǔ)輔助。 賓主來(lái)自名代數(shù)，動(dòng)詞作謂不可無(wú)。簡(jiǎn)單句的六種根本句型一、主系表結(jié)構(gòu)S + V + P ：主語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞通常與表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)或狀態(tài)等。常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有be, look, sound, smell,

5、 taste, feel, get, grow, turn, become, stay, seem等。 主語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)These booksaregreat.This kind of foodtastesdeliciousAll her friendsareoutside the doornow.The milkturnedsour. The musicsoundsniceTom isvery happytoday.【練習(xí)導(dǎo)航】翻譯下面的漢語(yǔ)句子。1. 他感到有點(diǎn)累。_2. 這聽(tīng)起來(lái)是個(gè)好主意。_3. 我的電腦在書(shū)房里。_4. 我最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)是游泳。_5. 那個(gè)女孩是我的妹妹。_二、主謂結(jié)

6、構(gòu)S + V： 主語(yǔ)不及物動(dòng)詞狀語(yǔ)這種句型中的動(dòng)詞大多是不及物動(dòng)詞，不及物動(dòng)詞是指那些本身意義已完整，后面不需要接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。狀語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ)不及物動(dòng)詞狀語(yǔ)In 2003,)The first bookcame outin 2003We didn't goto the cinema yesterday.Li Mingworksvery hard.The little girlworkseven harder.The accidentha

7、ppenedyesterday afternoon.Last week,I wentto Guilin for my holiday.【練習(xí)導(dǎo)航】根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)完成以下英語(yǔ)句子，每空一詞。1. 他在聽(tīng)。He _ _.2. 昨晚你睡得好嗎？Did you _ _ last night?3. 這場(chǎng)雨持續(xù)了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。The rain _ _ two hours. 4. 事物總是變化的。Things always _.5. 他來(lái)中國(guó)的夢(mèng)想實(shí)現(xiàn)了。 His dream to China _ _ _. 三、主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)S + V + O：主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)這種句型中的動(dòng)詞一般為及物動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面必須接賓語(yǔ)才能表

8、達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思。賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，一般由名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞等充當(dāng)。狀語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)Yesterday)Iboughta very good bookyesterday.My fatherlovespictures of cars.Every morningmy motherpreparesbreakfastfor meHeis havinglunch.Sheplansto travelin May Day.Ipreferstanding. Idont knowwhat I should donext【練習(xí)導(dǎo)航】找出以下句子的賓語(yǔ)。1. He handed in his

9、homework this morning. 2. Help yourself to some soup, Jim. 3. He forgot which way to go. 4. Would you mind waiting for a few minutes? 5. Ill do what I can. 四、主謂雙賓： 主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)1. 主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)人+直接賓語(yǔ)事物2. 及物動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(yǔ)事物+to / for+間接賓語(yǔ)人狀語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞間賓直賓狀語(yǔ)His hobbyhas broughthimenjoyment.My fatherboughtmea very

10、 good bikeOn my birthday.Last week,my auntsentmea box of chocolate.狀語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞直賓(tofor)+間賓狀語(yǔ)His hobbyhas broughtenjoymentto him.My fatherboughta very good bikefor meOn my birthday.Last week,my auntsenta box of chocolate.to me【溫馨提示】1.與to搭配的動(dòng)詞有g(shù)ive, hand, show, send, bring, pass, lend, teach, tell, write

11、, throw, sell, email等。如：Can you lend us your car? =Can you lend your car to us? He brought me a pen.=He brought a pen to me.2.與for搭配的動(dòng)詞有buy, play, get, make, order, choose, sing, pay等。如：My uncle bought me a watch.=My uncle bought a watch for me. Mother bought me a book.= Mother bought a book for me【

12、練習(xí)導(dǎo)航】. 找出以下句子中的直接賓語(yǔ)。1. She gave me her telephone number. 2. Bring me some water, please. 3. Ill make you some fresh tea.4. He sang us a folk song. _5. She showed me her paintings. _. 將以下句子改為同義句。6. Tom gave me a nice pen. = Tom _ a nice pen _ me. 7. My mother bought my little sister a pink skirt. = M

13、y mother _ a pink skirt _ my little sister.8. She cooked us a delicious meal.=She _ a delicious meal _ us. 9. Tim showed me his nice T-shirt. =Tim _ his nice T-shirt _ me. 10. She made me a cup of coffee.=She _ a cup of coffee _ me. 五、主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)S + V + O + OC：主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的主要作用或者是補(bǔ)充、說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)怎么樣的，擔(dān)任補(bǔ)語(yǔ)常常

14、是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式等。主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)We can help youdevelop new skills.I don't wantyouto worktoo hard.Youshould keepthe roomclean and tidy.Ifoundthe boxemptyin the streetHis fathertoldhimnot to playThe teachertoldusto do some exercisesWemadehimour monitor.The newsmadeeveryonehappy.【溫馨提示】常見(jiàn)的不

15、定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow + sb(not)to do sth. 等。注意：動(dòng)詞have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不帶to。1) The boss made him do the work all day.2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.【練習(xí)導(dǎo)航】找出以下句子中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。1. They cal

16、l their daughter Mary. 2. Dont leave me behind. 3. I wish you to be happy. 4. I saw her chatting with Nancy. 5. Good food keeps you healthy. 六、There be句型： There be +主語(yǔ)+(狀語(yǔ)) There be句型主要用來(lái)表示“某地有某物或某人。 主語(yǔ)一般位于there be 之后。如果be動(dòng)詞后面有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語(yǔ)，be動(dòng)詞選用需要遵循“就近原那么一般和最近的一個(gè)保持一致：。如： There is a dictionary, three

17、books and a pen on the desk. =There are three books，a dictionary, and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有一本字典，三本書(shū)和一支鋼筆。【練習(xí)導(dǎo)航】. 單項(xiàng)選擇( ) 1. There _ ice on the road last week.A. was B. were C. will be D. are( ) 2. There _ a football match on the playground this afternoon.A. will have B. is going to have C. is have D. is going to be ( ) 3. There will be enough food for everybody, _?A. wont it B. wont there C. isnt it D. arent there( )