合同法中英對照

1、Contract Law of the People's Republic of China中華人民共和國合同法(Adopted at the Second Session of the Ninth National People's Congress on March 15, 1999 and promulgated by Order No. 15 of the President of the Peoples Republic of China on March 15, 1999)中華人民共和國合同法已由中華人民共和國第九屆全國人民代表大會(huì)第二次會(huì)議于1999年3月15日通

2、過，現(xiàn)予公布，自1999年10月1日起施行。ContentsGeneral Provisions總則Chapter I Common Provisions第一章 一般規(guī)定Chapter II Making of the Contract第二章 合同的訂立Chapter III Validity of the Contract第三章合同的效力Chapter IV Fulfillment of the Contract第四章合同的履行Chapter V Modification and Transfer of the Contract第五章 合同的變更和轉(zhuǎn)讓Chapter VI Terminati

3、on of Rights and Obligations under the Contract第六章 合同的權(quán)利義務(wù)終止Chapter VII Liability for Breach of Contract第七章 違約責(zé)任Chapter VIII Miscellaneous Provisions Specific Provisions第八章 其他規(guī)定Chapter IX Purchase and Sale Contracts第九章 買賣合同Chapter X Contracts for the Supply and Consumption of Electricity, Water, Gas

4、 or Heat第十章 供用電、水、氣、熱力合同Chapter XI Donation Contracts第十一章 贈(zèng)與合同Chapter XII Loan Contracts第十二章 借款合同Chapter XIII Lease Contracts第十三章 租賃合同Chapter XIV Contracts for Financial Lease第十四章 融資租賃合同Chapter XV Work Contracts第十五章 承攬合同Chapter XVI Construction Project Contracts第十六章 建設(shè)工程合同Chapter XVII Carriage Contr

5、acts第十七章 運(yùn)輸合同Chapter XVIII Technology Contracts第十八章 技術(shù)合同Chapter XIX Contracts of Deposit第十九章 保管合同Chapter XX Warehousing Contracts第二十章 倉儲(chǔ)合同Chapter XXI Entrustment Contracts第二十一章 委托合同Chapter XXII Brokerage Contracts第二十二章 行紀(jì)合同Chapter XXIII Intermediation Contracts第二十三章 居間合同Supplementary Provisions附則Gen

6、eral Provisions總則Chapter I Common Provisions第一章一般規(guī)定Article 1 This Law is enacted for the purpose of protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the parties to contracts, maintaining the socio-economic order and promoting the socialist modernization.第一條為了保護(hù)合同當(dāng)事人的合法權(quán)益，維護(hù)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序，促進(jìn)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)，制定本法。A

7、rticle 2 For the purpose of this Law, a contract means an agreement on the establishment, alteration or termination of a civil right-obligation relationship between natural persons, legal persons or other organizations as subjects with equal status.第二條本法所稱合同是平等主體的自然人、法人、其他組織之間設(shè)立、變更、終止民事權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系的協(xié)議。Agr

8、eements on establishing such personal relationships as marriage, adoption and guardianship shall be governed by the provisions of other laws.婚姻、收養(yǎng)、監(jiān)護(hù)等有關(guān)身份關(guān)系的協(xié)議，適用其他法律的規(guī)定。Article 3 The parties to the contract have equal legal status, and neither party may impose its will on the other.第三條合同當(dāng)事人的法律地位平等，

9、一方不得將自己的意志強(qiáng)加給另一方。Article 4 The parties shall, pursuant to law, have the right to enter into a contract on their own free will, and no unit or person may unlawfully interfere.第四條當(dāng)事人依法享有自愿訂立合同的權(quán)利，任何單位和個(gè)人不得非法干預(yù)。Article 5 The parties shall observe the principle of equity in defining each other's rig

10、hts and obligations.第五條當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循公平原則確定各方的權(quán)利和義務(wù)。Article 6 The parties shall observe the principle of good faith in exercising their rights and fulfilling their obligations.第六條當(dāng)事人行使權(quán)利、履行義務(wù)應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循誠實(shí)信用原則。Article 7 The parties shall, in making and fulfilling the contract, abide by laws and administrative regu

11、lations and respect social ethics, and may not disrupt the socio-economic order nor impair social and public interests.第七條當(dāng)事人訂立、履行合同，應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守法律、行政法規(guī)，尊重社會(huì)公德，不得擾亂社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序，損害社會(huì)公共利益Article 8 A legally executed contract has legal binding force on the parties. The parties shall fulfill their obligations as cont

12、racted, and may not arbitrarily modify or terminate the contract.第八條依法成立的合同，對當(dāng)事人具有法律約束力。當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)按照約定履行自己的義務(wù)，不得擅自變更或者解除合同。A legally executed contract is protected by law.依法成立的合同，受法律保護(hù)。Chapter II Making of the Contract第二章 合同的訂立Article 9 The parties shall, when making a contract, have corresponding capaci

13、ty for civil rights and civil conduct.第九條當(dāng)事人訂立合同，應(yīng)當(dāng)具有相應(yīng)的民事權(quán)利能力和民事行為能力。A party may, in accordance with the law, entrust an agent to make a contract.當(dāng)事人依法可以委托代理人訂立合同。Article 10 The parties may, when making a contract, use written form, verbal form or any other form.第十條當(dāng)事人訂立合同，有書面形式、口頭形式和其他形式。The writt

14、en form shall be adopted if laws or administrative regulations so require. The written form shall be adopted if the parties so agree.法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定采用書面形式的，應(yīng)當(dāng)采用書面形式。當(dāng)事人約定采用書面形式的，應(yīng)當(dāng)采用書面形式。Article 11 "Written form" as used herein means any form which renders the information contained in a contract

15、 capable of being reproduced in tangible form such as a written agreement, a letter, or electronic text (including telegram, telex, facsimile, electronic data interchange and e-mail).第十一條書面形式是指合同書、信件和數(shù)據(jù)電文（包括電報(bào)、電傳、傳真、電子數(shù)據(jù)交換和電子郵件）等可以有形地表現(xiàn)所載內(nèi)容的形式。Article 12 The content of a contract is determined by th

16、e parties and generally includes the following clauses:第十二條合同的內(nèi)容由當(dāng)事人約定，一般包括以下條款：(1) designations or names and addresses of the parties;（一）當(dāng)事人的名稱或者姓名和住所；(2) the targeted matter;（二）標(biāo)的；(3) quantity;（三）數(shù)量；(4) quality;（四）質(zhì)量；(5) price or remuneration;（五）價(jià)款或報(bào)酬；(6) time, place and mode of fulfillment;（六）履行期

17、限、地點(diǎn)和方式(7) liability for breach of contract; （七）違約責(zé)任；(8) dispute settlement.（八）解決爭議的方法。The parties may make contracts with reference to various model contract forms.當(dāng)事人可以參照各類合同的示范文本訂立合同。Article 13 The parties shall, in making a contract, take the form of offer and acceptance.第十三條當(dāng)事人訂立合同，采取要約、承諾方式。Ar

18、ticle 14 An "offer" is an intent indication showing the desire to enter into a contract with others, and the intent indication shall conform to the following provisions:第十四條要約是希望和他人訂立合同的意思表示，該意思表示應(yīng)當(dāng)符合下列規(guī)定：(1)the content indicated shall be concrete and definite;（一）內(nèi)容具體明確；(2) the offeror sha

19、ll, as is indicated, be bound by the intent indication upon its acceptance by an offeree.（二）表明經(jīng)受要約人承諾，要約人即受該意思表示約束。Article 15 An invitation for offer is an intent indication showing the desire to receive offers from others. Mailed or delivered price catalogs, auction announcements, invitations for b

20、id, capital-raising prospectus and commercial advertisements are such invitations for offer.第十五條要約邀請是希望他人向自己發(fā)出要約的意思表示。寄送的價(jià)目表、拍賣公告、招標(biāo)公告、招股說明書、商業(yè)廣告等為要約邀請。A commercial advertisement shall, if its content conforms to the provisions regarding offers, be deemed an offer.商業(yè)廣告的內(nèi)容符合要約規(guī)定的，視為要約。Article 16 An o

21、ffer becomes effective when it reaches the offeree.第十六條要約到達(dá)受要約人時(shí)生效。If a contract is made in the form of text in electronic data and the receiver has designated a special receiving system to receive such data text, the time at which the text in electronic data enters the designated special system sha

22、ll be the time of arrival; if no special receiving system is designated, the time at which the text in electronic data first enters any of the receiver's systems shall be the time of arrival.采用數(shù)據(jù)電文形式訂立合同，收件人指定特定系統(tǒng)接收數(shù)據(jù)電文的，該數(shù)據(jù)電文進(jìn)入該特定系統(tǒng)的時(shí)間，視為到達(dá)時(shí)間；未指定特定系統(tǒng)的，該數(shù)據(jù)電文進(jìn)入收件人的任何系統(tǒng)的首次時(shí)間，視為到達(dá)時(shí)間。Article 17 An o

23、ffer may be withdrawn. The withdrawal notice of an offer shall reach the offeree before or at the same time as the arrival of the offer at the offeree.第十七條要約可以撤回。撤回要約的通知應(yīng)當(dāng)在要約到達(dá)受要約人之前或者與要約同時(shí)到達(dá)受要約人。Article 18 An offer may be revoked. The revocation notice of an offer shall reach the offeree before the

24、 dispatch of an acceptance notice by the offeree.第十八條要約可以撤銷。撤銷要約的通知應(yīng)當(dāng)在受要約人發(fā)出承諾通知之前到達(dá)受要約人。Article 19 An offer may not be revoked under any of the following conditions:第十九條有下列情形之一的，要約不得撤銷：(1)the offeror has specified a time limit for the acceptance, or has explicitly indicated in any other manner the

25、irrevocability of the offer;（一）要約人確定了承諾期限或者以其他形式明示要約不可撤銷；(2) there are grounds for the offeree to maintain the irrevocability of the offer and the offeree has made preparations for the fulfillment of the contract.（二）受要約人有理由認(rèn)為要約是不可撤銷的，并已經(jīng)為發(fā)行合同作了準(zhǔn)備工作。Article 20 An offer loses its effect under any of t

26、he following conditions:第二十條有下列情形之一的，要約失效：(1) a rejection notice of the offer has reached the offeror;（一）拒絕要約的通知到達(dá)受要約人；(2) the offeror has revoked the offer pursuant to law;（二）要約人依法撤銷要約；(3) when the fixed time limit for acceptance expires, the offeree undertakes no acceptance; （三）承諾期限屆滿，受要約人未作出承諾；(4

27、) the offeree makes a substantial change of the content of the offer.（四）受要約人對要約的內(nèi)容作出實(shí)質(zhì)性變更。Article 21 An acceptance is an assent indication of the offeree to an offer.第二十一條承諾是受要約人同意要約的意思表示。Article 22 An acceptance shall be made in form of a notice, unless, in light of trade practices or as indicated

28、by the offer, the offeree may indicate the assent by performing an act.第二十二條承諾應(yīng)當(dāng)以通知的方式作出，但根據(jù)交易習(xí)慣或者概要約表明可以通過行為作出承諾的除外。Article 23 An acceptance shall reach the offeror within the time limit fixed by the offer.第二十三條承諾應(yīng)當(dāng)在要約確定的期限內(nèi)到達(dá)要約人。If no time limit is fixed by the offer, the acceptance shall reach th

29、e offeror in accordance with the following provisions:要約沒有確定承諾期限的，承諾應(yīng)當(dāng)依照下列規(guī)定到達(dá)：(1) if an offer is made orally, acceptance shall be made promptly unless the parties stipulate otherwise; （一）要約以對話方式作出的，應(yīng)當(dāng)即時(shí)作出承諾，但當(dāng)事人別有約定的除外；(2) if an offer is not made orally, the acceptance shall reach the offeror withi

30、n a reasonable period of time.（二）要約以非對話方式作出的，承諾應(yīng)當(dāng)在合理期限內(nèi)到達(dá)。Article 24 If an offer is made through a letter or a telegram, the time limit for acceptance commences on the date shown on the letter or on the date the telegram is handed in for dispatch or, if no such date is shown on the letter, from the

31、date shown by the postmark of the letter. If an offer is made by means of instantaneous communications such as telephone or facsimile, the time limit for acceptance commences at the moment that the offer reaches the offeree.第二十四條要約以信件或者電報(bào)作出的，承諾期限自信件載明的日期或者電報(bào)交發(fā)之日開始計(jì)算。信件未載明日期的，自投寄該信件的郵戳日期開始計(jì)算。要約以電話、傳真

32、等快速通訊方式作出的，承諾期限自要約到達(dá)受要約人時(shí)開始生效。Article 25 A contract is executed at the time when the acceptance becomes effective.第二十五條承諾生效時(shí)合同成立。Article 26 The acceptance becomes effective when the acceptance notice reaches the offeror. If an acceptance needs no notice, it becomes effective when an act of acceptanc

33、e is performed in light of trade practices or as indicated by the offer.第二十六條承諾通知到達(dá)要約人時(shí)生效。承諾不需要通知的，根據(jù)交易習(xí)慣或者要約的要求作出承諾的行為時(shí)生效Where a contract is made in the form of text in electronic data, the provisions of Paragraph 2, Article 16 of this Law shall be applicable to the time of arrival of the acceptanc

34、e.采用數(shù)據(jù)電文形式訂立合同的，承諾到達(dá)的時(shí)間適用本法第十六條第二款的規(guī)定。Article 27 An acceptance may be withdrawn. The withdrawal notice of the acceptance shall reach the offeror before or at the same time as the acceptance notice reaches the offeror.第二十七條承諾可以撤回。撤回承諾的通知應(yīng)當(dāng)在承諾通知到達(dá)要約人之前或者與承諾通知同時(shí)到達(dá)要約人。Article 28 If the offeree makes an

35、acceptance beyond the time limit for acceptance, it shall constitute a new offer unless the offeror notifies the offeree in time that the acceptance is effective.第二十八條受要約人超過承諾期限發(fā)出承諾的，除要約人及時(shí)通知受要約人該承諾有效的以外，為新要約。Article 29 If an offeree makes within the time limit for acceptance an acceptance that coul

36、d reach the offeror in time under normal conditions but happens to reach the offeror beyond the limit due to other reasons, the acceptance shall be effective notwithstanding unless the offeror notifies the offeree in time that the acceptance is denied due to its delayed arrival.第二十九條受要約人在承諾期限內(nèi)發(fā)出承諾，按

37、照通常情形能夠及時(shí)到達(dá)要約人，但因其他原因承諾到達(dá)要約人時(shí)超過承諾期限的，除要約人及時(shí)通知受要約人因承諾超過期限不接受該承諾的以外，該承諾有效。Article 30 The content of an acceptance shall be consistent with the content of the offer. If the offeree proposes any substantial change to the content of the offer, it shall constitute a new offer. Changes related to the targe

38、ted matter, quantity, quality, price or remuneration, duration of fulfillment, place and mode of fulfillment, liability for breach of contract and method of dispute settlement in a contract are substantial changes to the content of an offer.第三十條承諾的內(nèi)容應(yīng)當(dāng)與要約的內(nèi)容一致。受要約人對要約的內(nèi)容作出實(shí)質(zhì)性變更的，為新要約。有關(guān)合同標(biāo)的、數(shù)量、質(zhì)量、價(jià)款

39、或者報(bào)酬、履行期限、履行地點(diǎn)和方式、違約責(zé)任和解決爭議方法等的變更，是對要約內(nèi)容的實(shí)質(zhì)性變更。Article 31 If an acceptance makes non-substantial changes to the content of the offer, the acceptance shall be effective notwithstanding and the content of the contract shall thus be based on the content of the acceptance, unless the offeror indicates i

40、n time its objection thereto, or as indicated in the offer, the acceptance may not make any change to the content of the offer.第三十一條承諾對要約的內(nèi)容作出非實(shí)質(zhì)性變更的，除要約人及時(shí)表示反對或者要約表明承諾不得對要約的內(nèi)容作出任何變更的以外，該承諾有效，合同的內(nèi)容以承諾的內(nèi)容為準(zhǔn)。Article 32 If the parties enter into a contract in the form of a contract instrument, the cont

41、ract is executed at the time when both parties put their signatures or affix their seals thereto.第三十二條當(dāng)事人采用合同書形式訂立合同的，自雙方當(dāng)事人簽字或者蓋章時(shí)合同成立。Article 33 If the parties enter into a contract in the form of letter or text in electronic data or any other forms, a confirmation instrument may be required prior

42、 to the execution of the contract. The contract is executed at the time when the confirmation instrument is signed.第三十三條當(dāng)事人采用信件、數(shù)據(jù)電文等形式訂立合同的，可以在合同成立之前要求簽訂確認(rèn)書。簽訂確認(rèn)書時(shí)合同成立。Article 34 The place where the acceptance becomes effective shall be the place where the contract is executed.第三十四條承諾生效的地點(diǎn)為合同成立的地點(diǎn)。

43、Where a contract is made in the form of text in electronic data, the receiver's major place of business is the place of execution of the contract; in the absence of a major place of business, the receiver's habitual residence is the place of execution of the contract. Where the parties stipu

44、late otherwise, such stipulations shall govern.采用數(shù)據(jù)電文形式訂立合同的，收件人的主營業(yè)地為合同成立的地點(diǎn)；沒有主營業(yè)地的，其經(jīng)常居住地為合同成立的地點(diǎn)。當(dāng)事人另有約定的，按照其約定。Article 35 If the parties adopt the form of a contract instrument to make a contract, the place where both parties sign or stamp the contract is the place of execution of the contract.

45、第三十五條當(dāng)事人采用合同書形式訂立合同的，雙方當(dāng)事人簽字或者蓋章的地點(diǎn)為合同成立的地點(diǎn)。Article 36 Where the parties fail to make a contract in written form as provided for by laws or administrative regulations or as agreed by the parties, but a party has already performed the major obligations and the other party has accepted the performance

46、, the contract shall be considered as executed.第三十六條法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定或者當(dāng)事人約定采用書面形式訂立合同，當(dāng)事人未采用書面形式但一方已經(jīng)履行主要義務(wù)，對方接受的，該合同成立。Article 37 If, in making a contract in the form of a contract instrument, a party has already performed the major obligations pending the signature or seal and the other party has accepte

47、d the performance, the contract shall be considered as executed.第三十七條采用合同書形式訂立合同，在簽字或者蓋章之前，當(dāng)事人一方已經(jīng)履行主要義務(wù)，對方接受的，該合同成立。Article 38 If the State gives, according to the needs, mandatory assignments or State purchase orders, the legal persons and other organizations concerned shall conclude contracts in

48、accordance with the rights and obligations provided for by the relevant laws and administrative regulations.第三十八條國家根據(jù)需要下達(dá)指令性任務(wù)或者國家訂貨任務(wù)的，有關(guān)法人、其他組織之間應(yīng)當(dāng)依照有關(guān)法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定的權(quán)利和義務(wù)訂立合同。Article 39 If standard clauses are used in making a contract, the party that provides the standard clauses shall determine the

49、rights and obligations between the parties in accordance with the principle of fairness, and shall call in a reasonable manner the other party's attention to the exemptible and restrictive clauses regarding its liability, and give explanations of such clauses at the request of the other party.第三

50、十九條采用格式條款訂立合同的，提供格式條款的一方應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循公平原則確定當(dāng)事人之間的權(quán)利和義務(wù)，并采取合理的方式提請對方注意免除或者限制其責(zé)任的條款，按照對方的要求，對該條款予以說明。"Standard clauses" means the clauses that are formulated in anticipation by a party for the purpose of repeated usage and that are not a result of consultation with the other party in the making of th

51、e contract.格式條款是當(dāng)事人為了重復(fù)使用而預(yù)先擬定，并在訂立合同時(shí)未與對方協(xié)商的條款。Article 40 Standard clauses shall become invalid if they fall under any of the circumstances set forth in Articles 52 and 53 of this Law or if the party that provides the standard clauses exempts itself from the liability, imposes heavier liability on

52、the other party, or precludes the other party from its main rights.第四十條格式條款具有本法第五十二條和第五十三條規(guī)定情形的，或者提供格式條款一方免除其責(zé)任、加重對方責(zé)任、排除對方主要權(quán)利的，該條款無效。Article 41 If a dispute arises over the understanding of a standard clause, the clause shall be interpreted in accordance with its common understanding. If a standar

53、d clause has more than one interpretation, the clause shall be interpreted in a manner unfavorable to the party providing the clause. If a standard clause is inconsistent with the non-standard clause, the non-standard clause shall be adopted.第四十一條對格式條款的理解發(fā)生爭議的，應(yīng)當(dāng)按照通常理解予以解釋。對格式條款有兩種以上解釋的，應(yīng)當(dāng)作出不利于提供格式條

54、款一方的解釋。格式條款和非格式條款不一致的，應(yīng)當(dāng)采用非格式條款。Article 42 In the making of a contract, the party that falls under any of the following circumstances, causing thus loss to the other party, shall hold the liability for the loss.第四十二條當(dāng)事人在訂立合同過程中有下列情形之一，給對方造成損失的，應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)損害賠償責(zé)任：(1) engaging in consultation with malicious i

55、ntention in name of making a contract;（一）假借訂立合同，惡意進(jìn)行磋商；(2) concealing intentionally key facts related to the making of the contract or providing false information; or（二）故意隱瞞與訂立合同有關(guān)的重要事實(shí)或者提供虛假情況；(3) taking any other act contrary to the principle of good faith.（三）有其他違背誠實(shí)信用原則的行為。Article 43 Neither part

56、y may disclose or inappropriately exploit business secrets obtained in the making of a contract no matter the contract is executed or not. The party that discloses or inappropriately exploits the said business secrets causing thus loss to the other party shall hold the liability for the loss.第四十三條當(dāng)事

57、人在訂立合同過程中知悉的商業(yè)秘密，無論合同是否成立，不得泄露或者不正當(dāng)?shù)厥褂?。泄露或者不正?dāng)?shù)厥褂迷撋虡I(yè)秘密給對方造成損失的，應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)損害賠償責(zé)任。Chapter III Validity of the Contract第三章 合同的效力Article 44 A contract legally executed shall become effective upon execution.第四十四條依法成立的合同，自成立時(shí)生效。Where a contract may become effective only after the completion of approval and regi

58、stration procedure according to the provisions of laws and administrative regulations, such provisions shall govern.法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定應(yīng)當(dāng)辦理批準(zhǔn)、登記等手續(xù)生效的，依照其規(guī)定。Article 45 The parties may agree to attach conditions on the validity of the contract. A contract with collateral conditions on its entry into effect shall become effective upon the fulfillment of the conditions. A contract with collateral conditions on its dissolution shall lose its validity upon the fulfillment of the conditions.第四十五條當(dāng)事人對合同的效力可以約定附條件。附生效條件的合同，自條件成就時(shí)生效。附解除條件的合同，自條件成