IFRS15確認(rèn)收入五步法精編版

1、確認(rèn)收入五步法1) 識別與客戶訂立的合同 。Identify the contract(s) with a customer準(zhǔn)則所稱合同，是指雙方或多方之間訂立有法律約束力的權(quán)利義務(wù)的協(xié)議。合同有書面形式、口頭形式以及其他形式。企業(yè)與客戶之間的合同應(yīng)當(dāng)同時滿足下列條件：a) 合同各方已批準(zhǔn)該合同并承諾將履行各自義務(wù)b) 該合同明確了合同各方與所轉(zhuǎn)讓商品或提供勞務(wù)（以下簡稱“轉(zhuǎn)讓商品”）相關(guān)的權(quán)利和義務(wù)c) 該合同有明確的與所轉(zhuǎn)讓商品相關(guān)的支付條款d) 該合同具有商業(yè)實(shí)質(zhì)，即履行該合同將改變企業(yè)未來現(xiàn)金流量的風(fēng)險、時間分布或金額e) 企業(yè)因向客戶轉(zhuǎn)讓商品而有權(quán)取得的對價很可能收回2) 識別合同中

2、的單項履約義務(wù)Identify the performance obligations in the contract. Performance obligations are promises in a contract to transfer to a customer goods or services that are distinct.合同開始日，企業(yè)應(yīng)當(dāng)對合同進(jìn)行評估，識別該合同所包含的各單項履約義務(wù)，并確定各單項履約義務(wù)是在某一時段內(nèi)履行，還是在某一時點(diǎn)履行。履約義務(wù)，是指合同中企業(yè)向客戶轉(zhuǎn)讓可明確區(qū)分商品的承諾。履約義務(wù)既包括合同中明確的承諾，也包括由于企業(yè)已公開宣布的政策、特

3、定聲明或以往的習(xí)慣做法等導(dǎo)致合同訂立時客戶合理預(yù)期企業(yè)將履行的承諾。企業(yè)向客戶轉(zhuǎn)讓一系列實(shí)質(zhì)相同且轉(zhuǎn)讓模式相同的、可明確區(qū)分商品的承諾，也應(yīng)當(dāng)作為單項履約義務(wù)。滿足下列條件之一的，屬于在某一時段內(nèi)履行履約義務(wù)；否則，屬于在某一時點(diǎn)履行履約義務(wù)：a) 客戶在企業(yè)履約的同時即取得并消耗企業(yè)履約所帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益b) 客戶能夠控制企業(yè)履約過程中在建的商品c) 企業(yè)履約過程中所產(chǎn)出的商品具有不可替代用途，且該企業(yè)在整個合同期間內(nèi)有權(quán)就累計至今已完成的履約部分收取款項13) 確定交易價格Determine the transaction price. The transaction price is th

4、e amount of consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to a customer. If the consideration promised in a contract includes a variable amount, an entity must estimate the amount of consideration to which it expects to be entitled in

5、 exchange for transferring the promised goods or services to a customer企業(yè)應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)合同條款，并結(jié)合其以往的習(xí)慣做法確定交易價格。交易價格，是指企業(yè)因向客戶轉(zhuǎn)讓商品而預(yù)期有權(quán)收取的對價金額。企業(yè)代第三方收取的款項以及企業(yè)預(yù)期將退還給客戶的款項，應(yīng)當(dāng)作為負(fù)債進(jìn)行會計處理，不計入交易價格。在確定交易價格時，企業(yè)應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮可變對價、合同中存在的重大融資成分、非現(xiàn)金對價、應(yīng)付客戶對價等因素的影響4) 將交易價格分?jǐn)傊粮鲉雾椔募s義務(wù)Allocate the transaction price to each performance ob

6、ligation on the basis of the relative stand-alone selling prices of each distinct good or service promised in the contract合同中包含兩項或多項履約義務(wù)的，企業(yè)應(yīng)當(dāng)在合同開始日，按照各單項履約義務(wù)所承諾商品的單獨(dú)售價的相對比例，將交易價格分?jǐn)傊粮鲉雾椔募s義務(wù)。企業(yè)不得因合同開始日之后單獨(dú)售價的變動而重新分?jǐn)偨灰變r格對于合同折扣，企業(yè)應(yīng)當(dāng)在各單項履約義務(wù)之間按比例分?jǐn)?。合同折扣，是指合同中各單項履約義務(wù)所承諾商品的單獨(dú)售價之和高于合同交易價格的金額。有確鑿證據(jù)表明合同折扣僅與合

7、同中一項或多項（而非全部）履約義務(wù)相關(guān)的，企業(yè)應(yīng)當(dāng)將該合同折扣分?jǐn)傊料嚓P(guān)一項或多項履約義務(wù)合同折扣僅與合同中一項或多項（而非全部）履約義務(wù)相關(guān)，且企業(yè)采用余值法估計單獨(dú)售價的，應(yīng)當(dāng)首先按照前款規(guī)定在該一項或多項（而非全部）履約義務(wù)之間分?jǐn)偤贤劭?，然后采用余值法估計單?dú)售價。余值法，是指企業(yè)根據(jù)合同交易價格減去合同中其他商品可觀察的單獨(dú)售價后的余值，確定某商品單獨(dú)售價的方法5) 履行每一單項履約義務(wù)時確認(rèn)收入Recognise revenue when a performance obligation is satisfied by transferring a promised good o

8、r service to a customer (which is when the2customer obtains control of that good or service). A performance obligation may be satisfied at a point in time (typically for promises to transfer goods to a customer) or over time (typically for promises to transfer services to a customer). For a performance obligation satisfied over time, an entity would select an appropriate measure of progress to determine how much revenue should be recognised as the performance obligation is satisfied.企業(yè)應(yīng)當(dāng)在履行了合同中的履約義務(wù)，即在客戶取得相關(guān)商品控制權(quán)時確認(rèn)收入。企業(yè)應(yīng)當(dāng)按照分?jǐn)傊粮鲉雾椔募s義務(wù)的交易價格計量