史蒂夫·喬布斯在2005年斯坦福大學(xué)畢業(yè)典禮上的演講

1、史蒂夫·喬布斯在2005年斯坦福大學(xué)畢業(yè)典禮上的演講2006-06-14 23:17【大 中 小】【打印】【我要糾錯】【加入收藏】Steve Jobs: Commencement Address at Stanford University"Stay Hungry, Stay Foolish."求知若饑，虛心若愚2 June 2005, Palo Alto, CA史蒂夫·喬布斯（Steve Paul Jobs）蘋果電腦公司和皮克斯動畫公司（Pixar）首席執(zhí)行官。以下是Steve Jobs在2005年6月12日斯坦福大學(xué)畢業(yè)典禮上的演

2、講。Thank you.I'm honored to be with you today for your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. Truth be told, I never graduated from college, and this is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation. Today, I want to tell you three stories from my life. That'

3、;s it. No big deal. Just three stories.The first story is about connecting the dots. I dropped out of Reed College after the first six months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out?It started before I was born. My biological mothe

4、r was a young, unwed graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that

5、they really wanted a girl.So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking, "We've got an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?" They said, "Of course." My biological mother found out later that my mother had never graduated from college

6、 and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would go to college. This was the start in my life.And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that

7、was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn't see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. And here I wa

8、s spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life.So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out okay. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes tha

9、t didn't interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked far more interesting.It wasn't all romantic. I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms. I returned coke bottles for the five cent deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the seven miles

10、 across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example:Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy

11、 instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed. Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and san seri

12、f typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it fascinating.None of this had even a hope of any practical applicati

13、on in my life. But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the "Mac" would have never

14、had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. And since Windows just copied the Mac, it's likely that no personal computer would have them. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on that calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography

15、 that they do. Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was very, very clear looking backwards 10 years later.Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots wi

16、ll somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever because believing that the dots will connect down the road will give you the confidence to follow your heart, even when it leads you off the well-worn path, and that will make all the differenc

17、e.My second story is about love and loss.I was lucky I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz1 and I started Apple in my parents' garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a two billion dollar company with over 4000 employ

18、ees. We'd just released our finest creation the Macintosh a year earlier, and I had just turned 30.And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so

19、 things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out. When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him. And so at 30, I was out. And very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.I really di

20、dn't know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure, and I even th

21、ought about running away from the valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me: I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.I didn't see it then, but it turned out that gettin

22、g fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.During the next five years, I started a c

23、ompany named NeXT, another company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Pixar went on to create the world's first computer-animated feature film, Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. In a remarkable turn of events, Appl

24、e bought NeXT, and I retuned to Apple, and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple's current renaissance. And Laurene and I have a wonderful family together.I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple. It was awful tasting medic

25、ine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometime life Sometimes life going to hit you in the head with a brick. Don't lose faith. I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. You've got to find what you love.And that is as true for your work as it is

26、for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven't found it yet, keep looking and don't settle. As with all matters of

27、the heart, you'll know when you find it. And like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking don't settle.My third story is about death.When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: "If you live each day as if it was your last,

28、 someday you'll most certainly be right." It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I've looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: "If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?" And whenever the ans

29、wer has been "No" for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something.Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important tool I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything all external expectations, all pride, all fear of e

30、mbarrassment or failure these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.Ab

31、out a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer. I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. I didn't even know what a pancreas was. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than

32、 three to six months. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor's code for "prepare to die." It means to try and tell your kids everything you thought you'd have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months. It means to make sure everything

33、 is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. It means to say your goodbyes.I lived with that diagnosis all day. Later that evening I had a biopsy, where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a f

34、ew cells from the tumor. I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery. I had the surgery and, thankfully, I'm fine no

35、w.This was the closest I've been to facing death, and I hope it's the closest I get for a few more decades. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept: No one wants to die.Even people who want to g

36、o to heaven don't want to die to get there. And yet death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be, because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life. It's Life's change agent. It clears out the old to make way for the new. Rig

37、ht now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. Sorry to be so dramatic, but it's quite true.Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't be trapped by dogma which is living with the results

38、 of other people's thinking. Don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.When I was young, there was

39、an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the "bibles" of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. This was in the late 60s, before personal computers and de

40、sktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and Polaroid cameras. It was sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along. It was idealistic, overflowing with neat tools and great notions.Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Cata

41、log, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the wo

42、rds: "Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish." It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I've always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.Thank you all very much.謝謝大家。今天，有榮幸來到各位從世界上最好的學(xué)校之

43、一畢業(yè)的畢業(yè)典禮上。我從來沒從大學(xué)畢業(yè)。說實(shí)話，這是我離大學(xué)畢業(yè)最近的一刻。今天，我只說三個故事，不談大道理，三個故事就好。第一個故事，是關(guān)于人生中的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴怎么串連在一起。我在里德學(xué)院（Reed college）待了六個月就辦休學(xué)了。到我退學(xué)前，一共休學(xué)了十八個月。那么，我為什么休學(xué)？這得從我出生前講起。我的親生母親當(dāng)時是個研究生，年輕未婚媽媽，她決定讓別人收養(yǎng)我。她強(qiáng)烈覺得應(yīng)該讓有大學(xué)畢業(yè)的人收養(yǎng)我，所以我出生時，她就準(zhǔn)備讓 我被一對律師夫婦收養(yǎng)。但是這對夫妻到了最后一刻反悔了，他們想收養(yǎng)女孩。所以在等待收養(yǎng)名單上的一對夫妻，我的養(yǎng)父母，在一天半夜里接到一通電話，問他們有一名意外出生的男孩

44、，你們要認(rèn)養(yǎng)他嗎？而他們的回答是當(dāng)然要。后來，我的生母發(fā)現(xiàn)，我現(xiàn)在的媽媽從來沒有大學(xué)畢業(yè)，我現(xiàn)在的爸爸則連高中畢業(yè)也沒有。她拒絕在認(rèn)養(yǎng)文件上做最后簽字。直到幾個月后，我的養(yǎng)父母同意將來一定會讓我上大學(xué)，她才軟化態(tài)度。十七年后，我上大學(xué)了。但是當(dāng)時我無知選了一所學(xué)費(fèi)幾乎跟史丹佛一樣貴的大學(xué)，我那工人階級的父母所有積蓄都花在我的學(xué)費(fèi)上。六個月后，我看不出念這個書的價(jià)值何在。那時候，我不知道這輩子要干什么，也不知道念大學(xué)能對我有什么幫助，而且我為了念這個書， 花光了我父母這輩子的所有積蓄。所以我決定休學(xué)，相信船到橋頭自然直。當(dāng)時這個決定看來相當(dāng)可怕，可是現(xiàn)在看來，那是我這輩子做過最好的決定之一。當(dāng)我

45、休 學(xué)之后，我再也不用上我沒興趣的必修課，把時間拿去聽那些我有興趣的課。這一點(diǎn)也不浪漫。我沒有宿舍，所以我睡在友人家里的地板上，靠著回收可樂空罐的五 先令退費(fèi)買吃的，每個星期天晚上得走七哩的路繞過大半個鎮(zhèn)去印度教的 Hare Krishna 神廟吃頓好料。我喜歡Hare Krishna神廟的好料。追尋我的好奇與直覺，我所駐足的大部分事物，后來看來都成了無價(jià)之寶。 舉例來說：當(dāng)時里德學(xué)院有著大概是全國最好的書法指導(dǎo)。在整個校園內(nèi)的每一張海報(bào)上，每個抽屜的標(biāo)簽上，都是美麗的手寫字。因?yàn)槲倚輰W(xué)了，可以不照正常選課程序來， 所以我跑去學(xué)書法。我學(xué)了serif 與san serif 字體，學(xué)到在不同字母

46、組合間變更字間距，學(xué)到活版印刷偉大的地方。書法的美好、歷史感與藝術(shù)感是科學(xué)所無法捕捉的，我覺得那很迷人。我沒預(yù)期過學(xué)的這些東西能在我生活中起些什么實(shí)際作用，不過十年后，當(dāng)我在設(shè)計(jì)第一臺麥金塔時，我想起了當(dāng)時所學(xué)的東西，所以把這些東西都設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)了麥金塔里，這是第一臺能印刷出漂亮東西的計(jì)算機(jī)。如果我沒沉溺于那樣一門課里，麥金塔可能就不會有多重字體跟變間距字體了。又因?yàn)閃indows抄襲了麥金塔的使用方式，如果當(dāng)年我沒這樣做，大概世界上所有的個人計(jì)算機(jī)都不會有這些東西，印不出現(xiàn)在我們看到的漂亮的字來了。當(dāng)然，當(dāng)我還在大學(xué)里時，不可能把這些點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴預(yù)先串在一起，但是這在十年后回顧，就顯得非常清楚。我再說

47、一次，你不能預(yù)先把點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴串在一起；唯有未來回顧時，你才會明白那些點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴是如何串在一起的。所以你得相信，你現(xiàn)在所體會的東西，將來多少會連接在一塊。你得信任某個東西，直覺也好，命運(yùn)也好，生命也好，或者業(yè)力。這種作法從來沒讓我失望，也讓我的人生整個不同起來。我的第二個故事，有關(guān)愛與失去。我好運(yùn)年輕時就發(fā)現(xiàn)自己愛做什么事。我二十歲時，跟Steve Wozniak在我爸媽的車庫里開始了蘋果計(jì)算機(jī)的事業(yè)。我們拼命工作，蘋果計(jì)算機(jī)在十年間從一間車庫里的兩個小伙子擴(kuò)展成了一家員工超過四千人、市價(jià)二十億 美金的公司，在那之前一年推出了我們最棒的作品麥金塔，而我才剛邁入人生的第三十個年頭，然后被炒魷魚。要怎么

48、讓自己創(chuàng)辦的公司炒自己魷魚？好吧，當(dāng)蘋果計(jì)算機(jī)成長后，我請了一個我以為他在經(jīng)營公司上很有才干的家伙來，他在頭幾年也確實(shí)干得不錯?？墒俏覀儗ξ磥淼脑妇安煌?，最后只好分道揚(yáng)鑣，董事會站在他那邊，炒了我魷魚，公開把我請了出去。曾經(jīng)是我整個成年生活重心的東西不見了，令我不知所措。有幾個月，我實(shí)在不知道要干什么好。我覺得我令企業(yè)界的前輩們失望我把他們交給我的接力棒弄丟了。我見了創(chuàng)辦HP的David Packard跟創(chuàng)辦Intel的Bob Noyce，跟他們說我很抱歉把事情搞砸得很厲害了。我成了公眾的非常負(fù)面示范，我甚至想要離開硅谷。但是漸漸的，我發(fā)現(xiàn)，我還是喜愛著我做過的事情，在蘋果的日子經(jīng)歷的事件沒有絲毫改變我愛做的事。我被否定了，可是我還是愛做那些事情，所以我決定從頭來過。當(dāng)時我沒發(fā)現(xiàn)，但是現(xiàn)在看來，被蘋果計(jì)算機(jī)開除，是我所經(jīng)歷過最好的事情。成功的沉重被從頭來過的輕松所取代，每件事情都不那么確定，讓我自由進(jìn)入這輩子最 有創(chuàng)意的年代。接下來五年，我開了一家叫做 NeXT的公司，又開一家叫做Pixar的公司，也跟后來的老婆談起了戀愛。Pixar接著制作了世界上第一部全計(jì)算機(jī)動畫電影，玩具總動員，現(xiàn)在是世界上最成功的動畫制作公司。然后，蘋果計(jì)算機(jī)買下了NeXT，我回到了蘋果，我們在NeXT發(fā)展的技術(shù)