EHS績效指標(biāo)數(shù)字化設(shè)定-事件比率

1、INCIDENT RATES事件比率Incident rates are an indication of how many incidents have occurred, or how severe they were. They are measurements only of past performance or lagging indicators. Incident rates are also only one of many items that can be used for measuring performance. There are many items that

2、should be used to measure performance, most of which are positivein nature; incident rates tend to be viewed as an indication of something that is wrongwith a safety system, rather than what is positive or right about the system. In spite of this, for many companies, incident rates remain the primar

3、y indicator of safety performance measurement. This is primarily because incident rates are fairly easy to figure out, and can be easily compared between one company and another, and are used throughout industry.事件比率表示事件發(fā)生的次數(shù)或事件的嚴重程度。事件比率只通過過往表現(xiàn)和滯后指標(biāo)進行衡量。事件比率也是各個項目中唯一的一個可以用于衡量性能的比率。衡量性能應(yīng)該使用各類項目，大多數(shù)都

4、是正面性質(zhì)的，而事件比率趨向于被看作表示安全系統(tǒng)有錯誤的地方，而不是這個系統(tǒng)的積極或正確方面。除此之外，在大多公司，事件比率還是安全性能衡量的首要指標(biāo)。這主要是因為事件比率容易斷定，也可簡單地用于公司之間的對比，并用于整個行業(yè)。The most difficult part about incident rates is that the five major types of rates are easily confused with one another. The most common rate used is the Recordable Incident Rate. This i

5、s commonly called either the “total case incident rate” or just the “incident rate”. The “Lost Time Case Rate” (LTC) is the second most commonly used. The “Lost Workday Rate” and “Severity Rate” are primarily used only in larger companies thathave a larger number of Lost Time Cases. The newest incid

6、ent rate type is called theDART or “Days Away/Restricted or Transfer Rate”.事件比率最難的部分是5個主要的比率類型之間容易相互混淆。最常用的比率是可記錄的事件率，這個比率通常被稱為“總體案件事件率”或簡單稱為“事件率”。其次常用的是“損失時間案件率”（LTC）?！皳p失工作日比率”和“嚴重率”主要用于有大量損失時間情況的較大型公司。最新的事件比率類型叫做DART “損失天數(shù)/限制日或工作轉(zhuǎn)移率”。DEFINITIONS: 定義DART (Days Away/Restricted or Transfer Rate) A ma

7、thematical calculation thatdescribes the number of recordable injuries and illnesses per 100 full-time employees that resulted in days away from work, restricted work activity and/or job transfer that a company has experienced in any given time frame.DART “損失天數(shù)/限制日或工作轉(zhuǎn)移比率”是一種數(shù)學(xué)計算方法，描述在給定的時間框架內(nèi)，公司每10

8、0名全職員工可記錄數(shù)量的受傷和疾病造成損失工作、受限制的工作活動和/或工作轉(zhuǎn)移的比率。LOST TIME CASE Any occupational injury or illness which results in an employee being unable to work a full assigned work shift. (A fatality is not considered a LTC.) Lost time cases result when there are no reasonable circumstances under which the injured e

9、mployee could return to meaningful work. It is assumed that if an employee could work, even if it is not their normally assigned duties, alternate tasks that accommodate the restrictive nature of an injury would be assigned to the employee. In this situation, the days are recorded as RESTRICTED WORK

10、 DAYS, rather than Lost Work Days. (Note that working from home, on a computer or at other assigned tasks, is not considered restricted work activity unless the employee would normally perform this function from home as part of their assigned work. Situations like this would be considered lost work

11、days. The incident, if employees can report to their normal workplace, and they can be assigned and complete productive tasks to benefit the company, can be considered restricted work days, rather than lost work days.)損失時間案件率任何工傷或職業(yè)疾病造成員工不能工作一個完整的班次。（死亡不做LTC考慮。）損失事件案例導(dǎo)致受傷的員工沒有合理的情況返回進行有意義的工作。人們認為，如果

12、員工可以工作，即使這個工作不是他日常指定的職責(zé)，帶有傷害限制性質(zhì)的替代任務(wù)將會分配給這名員工。在這種情況下，記錄的天數(shù)為限制的工作日，而不是損失的工作日。（注意：在家里電腦上工作或擔(dān)任其它指定的任務(wù)將不被視為限制的工作活動，除非這名員工在家工作通常就是其指定任務(wù)的一部分。像這樣的情況將被視為損失的工作日。如果員工可以報道到他們正常的工作場所，也可以被指定并完成生產(chǎn)性任務(wù)讓公司受益，這種事件可以被認為是限制的工作日，而不是損失的工作日。）LOST WORKDAY RATE a mathematical calculation that describes the number of lost w

13、ork days per 100 full-time employees in any given time frame.損失工作日比率一種數(shù)學(xué)計算方法，描述在給定的時間框架內(nèi)每100名全職員工的損失工作日數(shù)量。LOST TIME CASE RATE a mathematical calculation that describes the number of lost time cases per 100 full-time employees in any given time frame.損失時間案件率一種數(shù)學(xué)計算方法，描述在給定的時間框架內(nèi)每100名全職員工的損失時間案件數(shù)量。OCCU

14、PATIONAL INJURY Any injury (including a fatality) which results from a work-related incident or exposure involving a single incident. Examples are:工傷：與工作相關(guān)的事件或涉及到單個事件的風(fēng)險造成的任何傷害（包括死亡）。例如：Thermal and chemical burns 熱灼傷或化學(xué)燒傷Cuts, abrasions and punctures 割傷、擦傷和刺傷Fractures or crushing injuries 骨傷或擠壓傷Resp

15、iratory irritations 呼吸系統(tǒng)刺激Instantaneous hearing loss 瞬間的聽覺損失Amputations 截肢Sprains or strains 扭傷或拉傷Broken bones 斷骨（骨折）OCCUPATION ILLNESS Any abnormal condition or disorder (other than an injury) that resulted from a work-related exposure to a biological, chemical or physical agent. These include both

16、 acute and chronic illnesses or diseases that may be caused by inhalation, absorption, ingestion or direct contact. Some examples are:職業(yè)病因工作關(guān)系接觸生物、化學(xué)或物理制劑造成的任何異常情況或混亂失調(diào)（不同于傷害）。這里包含可能因吸入、吸收、攝取或直接接觸造成的急性和慢性疾病。一些示例如下：CATEGORY 類別EXAMPLES 示例Skin diseases皮膚病Dermatitis, eczema or rash that is caused by pla

17、nts, oil, acne, chromic ulcers, chemical contact,or inflammation.因植物、油、痤瘡、含鉻性潰瘍、化學(xué)接觸或炎癥引起的皮炎、濕疹或疹子。Lung diseases肺疾病Silicosis, asbestosis, pneumoconiosis, or other similarDisorder矽肺、石棉肺、塵肺病或其它類似的癥狀。Respiratory Conditions呼吸道Pneumonitis, rhinitis or acutecongestion caused by work related exposures to c

18、hemicals, dusts, gases or fumes因工作接觸化學(xué)品、粉劑、汽油或煙氣引起的肺炎、鼻炎或急性充血。Poisoning中毒Exposure to lead, mercury,cadmium, arsenic or other heavy metals; inhalation of carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide or other gases; exposure to benzene compounds, carbon tetrachloride,or other organic solvents; exposureto toxic l

19、evels of insecticide sprays; and exposure to other chemicals such as formaldehyde, plastics or other resins.接觸鉛、汞、鎘、砷或其它的重金屬，吸入一氧化碳、硫化氫或其它氣體，接觸苯混合物、四氯化碳或其它有機溶劑，接觸毒性殺蟲劑噴霧，接觸其它的化學(xué)品例如甲醛、塑料或其它樹脂類。Physical disorders身體障礙Heatstroke, sunstroke, heat exhaustion, freezing, frostbite andother environmental eff

20、ects;radiation exposure; and effectsform non-ionizing radiation sources such as welding flashes, UV rays, microwaves and sunburn受熱、中暑、中暑虛脫、受凍、凍傷和其它環(huán)境影響，輻射照射、非電離輻射如弧光灼傷、UV射線、微波和曬傷。Repetitive Trauma重復(fù)性創(chuàng)傷Carpal Tunnel syndrome, synovitis, tendonitis and otherconditions related to repeated motion, vibra

21、tion or pressure; andnoise induced hearing loss.腕管綜合征、滑膜炎、肌腱炎和其它與重復(fù)性運動、震動或壓力相關(guān)的癥狀，以及噪音引起的聽覺損失。Other其它Anthrax, infectious hepatitis, tumors, food poisoning, andgradual hearing loss炭疽、傳染性肝炎、腫瘤、食物中毒、漸進性聽覺損失。RECORDABLE INCIDENTS Recordable incidents include all work related deaths, illnesses, and injuri

22、es which result in a loss of consciousness, restriction of work or motion, permanent transfer to another job within the company, or that require some type of medical treatment or first-aid. Companies with 10 or more employees need to report their incident rates, types of incidents and lost/restricte

23、d work days to OSHA every year. Recordable incidents are incidents that resulted from an exposure or event in the workplace and that required some type of medical treatment or first-aid.可記錄的事件可記錄的事件包含所有與工作相關(guān)的死亡，疾病，傷害造成的意識喪失、工作或活動受限、公司內(nèi)永久性的工作轉(zhuǎn)崗、或者需要醫(yī)療或急救。擁有10名或以上數(shù)量的員工時，公司需要每年向OSHA報告事件率、事件類型和損失的/限制的工作

24、天數(shù)。可記錄的事件表示因工作場所發(fā)生的事故需要一些類型的醫(yī)療和急救的事件。Incidents are not recordable if the employee has symptoms that merely surfaced while at work but were the result of a non-work related event or exposure. For example, a cold or an infection from a cut that was received at home is not recordable. Additionally, “ac

25、tivities of daily living” are not normally recordable. For example, a heart attack is generally not considered a recordable injury, unless it was caused by a singular event or exposure at work that caused the attack. For more information on what is and is not recordable, the OSHA website (http:/www.

26、/recordkeeping/index.html) has numerous resources that will guide a company through the recordability determination. The OSHA website also has forms and guidelines to assist a company in the proper reporting format.如果員工的癥狀只是在工作時出現(xiàn)，但原因是與工作無關(guān)的事件或風(fēng)險，則這樣的事件無需記錄。例如：在家里引發(fā)的感冒或傷口引起的感染是不用記錄的。此外，“日常生活

27、中的活動”通常也無需記錄。例如：心臟病突發(fā)不被視為可記錄的事件，除非是因為工作期間的異常事故或風(fēng)險造成的心臟病突發(fā)。什么是可記錄的什么是無需記錄的風(fēng)險請訪問OSHA網(wǎng)站查看更多信息，指導(dǎo)公司做可記錄性決定。OSHA網(wǎng)站還有表格和指南，為公司提供正確的報告格式。SEVERITY RATE a mathematical calculation that describes the number of lost days experienced as compared to the number of incidents experienced.事故嚴重率一種數(shù)學(xué)計算方法，說明：對比事故發(fā)生的數(shù)量，

28、造成的損失天數(shù)。TOTAL INCIDENT RATE a mathematical calculation that describes the number of recordable incident that a company experiences per 100 full-time employees in any given time frame.總事件率-一種數(shù)學(xué)計算方法，說明：一家公司在任何給定的時間框架內(nèi)每100名全職員工的可記錄的事故數(shù)量。WORK RELATED Work relationship is established with the injury or i

29、llness results from an event or exposure in the work environment. The work environment is normally considered the company premises, or another location where the employee is present as a condition of employment (i.e. a construction site, or customer location). Driving to or from work is not normally

30、 considered work-related, unless the company requires the employee to drive or be transported to a specific location for a specific business purpose. The following flowchart is a simplified version to assist companies in determining work- relationship.工作相關(guān)工作相關(guān)性通過工作環(huán)境中事件或風(fēng)險造成的傷害或疾病建立。工作環(huán)境通常是公司場所或其它的員

31、工以雇傭關(guān)系出現(xiàn)的地點（即建筑工地或客戶地點）。行駛到工作地點或從工作地點行駛回來通常不視為與工作相關(guān)，除非公司要求員工行駛或通過交通方式到達特定的地點，為了一個特定的業(yè)務(wù)目的。下面的簡化版流程圖幫助公司確定工作相關(guān)性。DETERMINING LOST WORK DAYS:確定損失的工作天數(shù)Once a decision has been made that an injury or illness should be considered as a Lost Time Case (LTC), the number of days charged to that case is the num

32、ber of days an employee lost work because of the incident. Days do NOT have to be consecutive. For example, if an employee breaks their leg on a Monday, and loses the rest of that day plus three additional days of work, then the employee comes back to work the following Friday and is given restricte

33、d or limited work tasks, and then loses another two days when their cast is removed, the total number of lost days would be five. The day the injury or illness occurred is not counted as a lost work day. For incidents that have lost time occurring over a longer period of time, weekends are counted a

34、s working days, and the number of lost days is capped at 180 days.當(dāng)確定需要把傷害或疾病決定為損失事件案例（LTC）時，記入到這個案例的天數(shù)就是因為這個事件產(chǎn)生的員工損失工作天數(shù)。這個天數(shù)不需要是連續(xù)不斷的。比如：一名員工在周一斷了腿，這天剩下的損失時間加上另外三天內(nèi)的工作天數(shù)，然后這名員工在周五過來上班，被分配了限制的或有限的工作任務(wù)，然后又損失了2天拆石膏的時間，則總損失天數(shù)為5天。受到傷害或生病的那天不計為損失工作天數(shù)。如果事故的損失時間超過很長一段期限，則周末也被計為工作天數(shù)。損失工作日的數(shù)量上限為180天。CALCUL

35、ATING RATES: 計算比率OSHA has established specific mathematic calculations that enable any company toreport their recordable incident rates, lost time rates and severity rates, so that they are comparable across any industry or group. The standard base rate of calculation is based on a rate of 200,000 l

36、abor hours. This number equates to 100 employees, who work 40 hours per week, and who work 50 weeks per year. Using this standardized base rate, any company can calculate their rate(s) and get a percentage per 100 employees.OSHA建立了具體的運算方法，可以讓公司報告可記錄的事件率、損失時間比率和嚴重率，這樣在任何行業(yè)或群組內(nèi)都可比較。計算的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)基礎(chǔ)比率是以20萬勞動小時數(shù)

37、為基礎(chǔ)。這個數(shù)字等于100名員工每周工作40小時，每年工作50周的時間。使用這個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的基礎(chǔ)比率，任何公司都可以計算自己的比率，并獲得每100名員工的百分比。OSHA Recordable Incident Rate OSHA可記錄的事件比率The OSHA Recordable Incident Rate (or Incident Rate) is calculated by multiplying thenumber of recordable cases by 200,000, and then dividing that number by the number of labor ho

38、urs at the company.OSHA可記錄的事件比率（或事件率）的計算方法是可記錄案件的數(shù)量乘以200，000，得出的數(shù)除以公司的勞動小時數(shù)。Number of OSHA Recordable Cases X 200,000IR = -Number of Employee labor hours worked OSHA可記錄案件的數(shù)量x200,000事件率IR=- 員工工作的勞動小時數(shù)For example, a company has 17 full-time employees and 3 part-time employees that each work 20 hours p

39、er week. This equates to 28,400 labor hours each year. If the company experienced 2 recordable injuries, then the formula works like this:例如，公司擁有17名全職的員工和3名每周工作20小時的兼職員工。等于每年工作28400小時。如果公司發(fā)生了2起可記錄的事件，則公式計算如下：2 x 200,000400,000IR = -28,400IR = -28,400IR = 14.08What is now known is that for every 100

40、employees, 14.08 employees have been involved in a recordable injury or illness.現(xiàn)在得知的就是每100名員工中，14.08人涉及到一起可記錄的傷害或疾病中。Please note that smaller companies that experience recordable incidents will most likely have high incident rates, or the incident rates will fluctuate significantly from year to yea

41、r. This is because of the small number of employees (and hence the lower number of labor hours worked) at the company. Calculations are more meaningful at larger companies that have a higher labor hour count.請注意，公司人員越少，經(jīng)歷的可記錄事件就很有可能有越高的事件率。或者每年的事件率會有顯著的波動，這是因為公司的員工數(shù)量較少（工作的勞動小時數(shù)就越低）。這個公式運算對規(guī)模較大、勞動小時數(shù)

42、較高的公司更有意義。Lost Time Case Rate 損失事件案件率The Lost Time Case Rate (LTC) is a similar calculation, only it uses the number of cases that contained lost work days. The calculation is made by multiplying the number of incidents that were lost time cases by 200,000 and then dividing that by the employee labo

43、r hours at the company.損失事件案件率（LTC）的計算公式類似，只是這個比率運用的是包含損失工作天數(shù)的案件數(shù)量。運算為損失時間事件的數(shù)量乘以200000，然后除以公司的員工勞動小時數(shù)。Number of Lost Time Cases x 200,000LTC Rate = - Number of Employee Labor Hours Worked損失事件案例的數(shù)量x 200,000LTC Rate = - 員工工作的小時數(shù)Using the previous company example, assume that one of the two recordable

44、 cases had lost work days associated with the incident. The calculations would look like this:使用之前的公司案例，假設(shè)2個可記錄的案件的其中一個因事件的關(guān)系損失了工作天數(shù)，計算方法如下：1 x 200,000200,000LTC Rate = -28,400LTC Rate = -28,400LTC Rate = 7.04What is now known is that for every 100 employees, 7.04 employees have suffered lost time b

45、ecause of a work related injury or illness.現(xiàn)在得知每100名員工中，7.04名員工因為工作相關(guān)的傷害或疾病損失了時間。Lost Work Day Rate (LWD)損失工作日比率The Lost Work Day rate is primarily used only at larger companies. This does not preclude a small business from using this calculation in their performance system,however. The LWD rate is

46、calculated by multiplying the total number of lost work days for the year by 200,000, then dividing that number by the number of employee labor hours at the company.損失的工作日比率主要用于較大規(guī)模公司。這也不排除小業(yè)務(wù)公司在他們的性能系統(tǒng)中使用這種運算方法，但是，LWD比率的運算方法是一年內(nèi)總損失工作日數(shù)量乘以200000，然后除以公司的員工勞動小時數(shù)。Total Number of Lost Days x 200,000LWD

47、Rate = - Number of Employee Labor Hours Worked損失工作日總數(shù) x 200,000LWD Rate = - 員工的勞動小時數(shù)Using the previous company example and the broken-leg example used earlier, there were 5 lost days due to the injury. The calculations would look like this:使用之前的公司和斷腿的案例，這次傷害造成了5個損失工作日，運算方法如下：5 x 200,0001,000,000LWD

48、Rate = -28,400LWD Rate = -28,400LTC Rate = 35.21What is now known is that for every 100 employees, 35.21 days were lost from work due to work related injuries or illnesses.現(xiàn)在得知，每100名員工中，由于與工作相關(guān)的傷害或疾病，工作損失了35.21天。DART Rate (Days Away/Restricted or Job Transfer Rate)DART比率（損失天數(shù)/限制日或工作轉(zhuǎn)移比率）The DART rat

49、e is relatively new to industry. This rate is calculated by adding up thenumber of incidents that had one or more Lost Days, one or more Restricted Days or that resulted in an employee transferring to a different job within the company, and multiplying that number by 200,000, then dividing that numb

50、er by the number of employee labor hours at the company.DART比率對工業(yè)行業(yè)來說相對較新。這個比率的運算方法為：擁有1天或多天損失天數(shù)的事故數(shù)量加上一天或多天限制日造成員工在公司內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)到不同工作的事故數(shù)量，再乘以200000，然后除以公司的員工勞動小時數(shù)：Total Number of DART incidents x 200,000DART Rate = - Number of Employee Labor Hours Worked總DART事故數(shù)量 x 200,000DART Rate = - 員工的工作小時數(shù)Using the pr

51、evious company examples, assume that the second recordable incident resulted in limited or restricted work activity that necessitated a job transfer to a different position in the company. The first was a broken leg that had only lost time associated with it (no restriction or transfer). The calcula

52、tions would look like this:使用之前的公司為例，假設(shè)第二個可記錄的事件造成有限的或限制的工作活動，使員工必須在公司內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)移到不同的職位工作。第一個斷腿的員工只損失了時間（沒有限制或轉(zhuǎn)移），則計算方法如下：2 x 200,000400,000DART Rate = -28,400DART Rate = -28,400DART Rate = 14.08What is now known is that for every 100 employees, 14.08 incidents resulted in lost or restricted days or job tra

53、nsfer due to work related injuries or illnesses.現(xiàn)在得知對每100名員工來說，因工作相關(guān)的傷害和疾病，14.08起事故造成損失天數(shù)或限制工作日或工作轉(zhuǎn)移。Severity Rate 事故嚴重率The severity rate is a calculation that gives a company an average of the number of lost days per recordable incident. Please note, that very few companies use the severity rate as

54、 a calculation, as it only provides an average. The calculation is made by dividing the total number of lost work days by the total number of recordable incidents.嚴重率的運算方法可以讓公司獲得每個可記錄事件損失天數(shù)的平均結(jié)果。請注意，極少數(shù)公司使用嚴重率來做計算，因為只能提供平均數(shù)據(jù)。運算公式為總損失工作天數(shù)除以總可記錄事故數(shù)量。Total number lost work daysSR = - Total number of re

55、cordable incidents總損失工作天數(shù)SR = - 總可記錄事故數(shù)量Again, using our previous company as an example, there were 5 lost work days and two recordable incidents. So, the severity rate calculation would look like this:再次使用上面的公司作為案例，有5天損失工作日和2個可記錄的事件，所以嚴重率計算如下：5SR = -SR = 2.52What is now known is that for every reco

56、rdable incident at the company, an average of 2.5 days will be lost due to those work related injuries and illnesses.現(xiàn)在得知在這家公司發(fā)生的單個可記錄事件，因工作相關(guān)的傷害和疾病平均損失2.5天工作日。Additional Assistance in calculating incident rates can be found on the OSHA website, in their Voluntary Protection Programs (VPP) Policies and Procedu