英語專業(yè)四級考試歷年完形填空及詳解（2000-2009）

1、.2000）完型填空Part CLOZE 15 MIN. The difference between a liquid and a gas is obvious ( 26 ) the conditions of temperature and pressure commonly found at the surface of the Earth. A liquid can be kept in an open container and ( 27 ) it to the level of a free surface. A gas forms no free surface but ( 28

2、 ) to diffuse throughout the space available; it must ( 29 ) be kept in a closed container, as ( 30 )a planets atmosphere. The distinction was a prominent feature of early theories ( 31 )the phases of matter. In the nineteenth century, for example, one theory maintained that a liquid could be “disso

3、lved” in a vapor without losing its identity, and another theory held that the two phases are ( 32 ) different kinds o f molecules(分子). The theories now prevailing ( 33 ) a quit e different approach by emphasizing what liquids and gases have in common. They are both forms of matter that have no perm

4、anent structure, and they both flow easily. They are fluids. The ( 34 ) similarly of liquids and gases becomes clearly apparent when the temperature and pressure are raised somewhat.( 35 ) a closed container partially filled with a liquid is heated. The liquid expands or ( 36 ), becomes less dense;

5、some of it evaporates.( 37 ), the vapor above the liquid surface becomes dense r as the evaporated molecules are added to it. The combination of temperature an d pressure ( 38 ) the densities become equal is ( 3 9 ) the critical point. Above the critical point the liquid and the gas can no longer be

6、 ( 40 ); there is a single, undifferentiated fluid phase of uniform density. 26. A. in B. on C. under D. beyond 27. A. fills B. be filled C. filling D. to fill 28. A. intends B. tends C. inclines D. contends 29. A. however B. nevertheless C. so D. therefore 30 A. in the event of B.in the case of C.

7、with a view to D. with reference to 31. A. having described B. described C. describing D. to have described 32. A. made up of B. consisted of C. constituted of D. made from 33. A. apply B. adapt C. take D. conduct 34. A. elementary B. crucial C. rudimentary D. fundamental 35. A. Suppose B. To suppos

8、e C. Being supposed D. Supposed 36. A. in a word B. in the meantime C. in other words D. in that case 37. A. Similarly B. In contrast C. Furthermore D. Instead 38. A. on that B. on which C. at that D. at which 39. A. known B. defined C. called D. referred to 40. A. classified B. recognized C. catego

9、rized D. distinguished短文大意：這篇文章介紹了氣體與液體的特性及相關理論。26答案：B【試題分析】本題考查對固定搭配的掌握?！驹敿毥獯稹縰nder與condition搭配，表示“在條件或狀況下”；on與 condition搭配，表示“在條件下”；in與condition構成習慣短語，表示“身體狀況良好”，而be out of condition”則表示“身體狀況不好”。 這里是說“在地球表面通常的溫度和壓強條件下”，故選項B為正確答案。27答案：A【試題分析】本題為語法題，考查對句子結構的理解?！驹敿毥獯稹坑捎谒钤~前有and這一并列連詞，這里缺少一個謂語與前面的“can

10、 be”并列。謂語動詞fill意思是“使充滿”，具有使動意義，其后直接跟賓語，故選項A是正確答案。28答案：B【試題分析】本題為動詞詞義辨析題?！驹敿毥獯稹?intend意為“打算，意圖”，主語通常是人；tend意為“有傾向”，后接不定式，主語可以是人也可以是物；incline意為“使(某人)傾向于，使(某人)有意思(做某事)”，常用于被動語態(tài)be inclined to；contend意為“爭奪；爭辯”。這里是說“但（氣體）往往會擴散到任何可能的空間”，故選項B為正確答案。29答案：D【試題分析】本題為語法題，考查連詞的用法?！驹敿毥獯稹縣owever表轉折意為“然而”；neverthele

11、ss也表轉折，意為“然而”；so表結果，但常放于句首; therefore表結果，意為“因此，所以”。這里是說氣體容易擴散，所以必須保存在密閉的容器里。因此此處需要一個表結果關系的連詞，故選項D為正確答案。30答案：B【試題分析】本題考查對固定搭配的掌握?！驹敿毥獯稹縤n the event of表示“如果發(fā)生，萬一”；in the case of表示“在的情況下，就而言”; with a view of或者with a view to，意思是“以為目的；為起見”；with reference to意思是“關于”。根據(jù)上下文，這里是說“必須將氣體存放在一個密封的容器里，如同一顆行星的大氣一樣。

12、” 故選項B為正確答案。31答案：C【試題分析】本題為語法題，考查對非謂語動詞的掌握?！驹敿毥獯稹勘揪渲械膁escribe的邏輯主語為theories，故應用現(xiàn)在分詞。同時，describe這一動作只說明一種事實，并不與其他動詞作時間上的先后比較，不必用完成式。故選項C為正確答案。32答案：A【試題分析】本題為短語詞義與用法辨析題?！驹敿毥獯稹縞onsist of一般用主動式; be made from一般指某種產(chǎn)品由某種材料制成(但從外表上看不出原材料); be made up of表示“由組成”。根據(jù)上下文理解，此處要求填一“由組成”的短語，故選項C為正確答案。33答案：C【試題分析】本題

13、考查對固定搭配的掌握?！驹敿毥獯稹縜pply意為“應用”；adapt意為“使適應”；conduct意為“指導；處理”，均不能與approach搭配。take approach為固定搭配，意思是“采用方法”，符合句意。34答案：D【試題分析】本題為形容詞詞義辨析題。【詳細解答】 elementary意為“初步的，基本的”，指事物處于基礎的或開始的階段；crucial意為“極緊要的，決定性的”；rudimentary意為“基本的，初步的”；fundamental意為“基礎的，十分重要的”。文中說“液體與氣體之間的根本相似性在溫度和壓強有所提高時變得十分明顯?！惫蔬x項D最合題意。35答案：A【試題分

14、析】本題為語法題，考查動詞的特殊用法?！驹敿毥獯稹縮uppose后常接一個省略了that的賓語從句，表示“假定，假設”，用來展開說明。36答案：C【試題分析】本題考查關聯(lián)詞的用法?！驹敿毥獯稹縤n a word表示對上文的總結；in the mean time表示“同時”；in that case表示“在那種情況下”；in other words意為“換句話說”。上文的“expands”和后文“becomes less dense”的意思一致，后一句是為了解釋說明前一句，故用in other words。37答案：B【試題分析】本題考查語篇分析能力。【詳細解答】 similarly意為“同樣的

15、”；furthermore意為“而且”，表示更進一步的關系；instead意為“相反，反而”，表對比關系，一般針對相同人、事情或行為。上文說當加熱的時候，液體蒸發(fā)變得稀薄，而下文說氣體因為蒸汽分子的加入而變得稠密，因此兩句之間存在明顯對比關系，只有in contrast最合題意。38答案：D【試題分析】本題考查關系詞的用法?！驹敿毥獯稹勘揪渥右鉃椤笆挂后w和氣體密度相同的那個狀態(tài)下的溫度和壓力被稱作臨界點?！本渲械摹皌emperature and pressure”是先行詞，需要一個關系詞引導一個定語從句修飾先行詞。特定數(shù)值的temperature和pressure與at搭配意為“在某個溫度和壓

16、力下”。由于that引導定語從句時前面不能有介詞，所以正確答案是D。39答案：C【試題分析】本題為動詞詞義及用法辨析題?！驹敿毥獯稹縦nown的常用結構是be known to be或be known as；defined 常用結構是be defined as；refer to意為“提到，說起”，不用于被動語態(tài)；只有called后可直接接主語補語。40答案：D【試題分析】本題為動詞詞義及用法辨析題?！驹敿毥獯稹縞lassify指對某種對象進行“分類”；category指將某類事物“歸類”；recognise表示“識別”；distinguish表示“區(qū)分”。根據(jù)句意，“在臨界點之上時，氣體和液體

17、就很難再區(qū)分開來”，選項D為正確答案。2001）Part CLOZE 15 MIN. The translator must have an excellent, up-to-date knowledge of his source languages, full facility in the handling of his target language, which will be his mother tongue or language of habitual ( 26 )and a knowledge and understanding of the latest subject-

18、matter in his field of specialization. This is, as it were, his professional equipment. ( 27 ) this, it is desirable that he should have an inquiring mind, wide interests, a good memory and the ability to grasp quickly the basic principles of new developments. He should be willing to work ( 28 )is o

19、wn, often at high speeds, but should be humble enough to consult others ( 29 )his own knowledge not always prove adequate to the task in hand. He should be able to type fairly quickly and accurately and, if he is working mainly for publication, should have more than a nodding ( 30 )with printing tec

20、hniques and proof-reading. If he is working basically as an information translator, let us say, for an industrial firm, he should have the flexibility of mind to enable him to ( 31 )rapidly from one source language to another, as well as from one subject-matter to another, since this ability is freq

21、uently ( 32 )of him in such work. Bearing in mind the nature of the translators work, i.e. the processing of the written word, it is, strictly speaking, (33 ) that he should be able to speak the language he is dealing with. If he does speak them, it is an advantage ( 34 )a hindrance, but this skill

22、is in many ways a luxury that he can ( 35 )with. It is, ( 36 ),desirable that he should have an approximate idea about the pronunciation of his source languages even if this is restricted to ( 37 )how proper names and place names are pronounced. The same ( 38 ) to an ability to write his source lang

23、uages. If he can, well and good; if he cannot, it does not ( 39 ). There are many other skills and ( 40 )that are desirable in a translator.26. A. application B. use C. utility D. usage 27. A. More than B. Except for C. Because of D. In addition to 28. A. of B. by C. for D. on 29. A. should B. when

24、C. because D. if 30. A. familiarity B. acquaintanceC. knowledge D. skill 31. A. change B. transform C. turn D. switch 32. A. lacked B. required C. faced D. confronted 33. A. essential B. unnecessaryC. advantageous D. useless 34. A. over B. despite C. rather than D. instead 35. A. deal B. concern C.

25、work D. do away 36. A. however B. accordinglyC. consequently D. thus 37. A. knowing B. having knownC. know D. have known 38. A. refers B. comes C. applies D. amounts 39. A. matter B. mind C. harm D. work 40. A. characteristics B. qualitiesC. distinctions D. features 完型填空 短文大意：這篇文章討論的是翻譯所需的技能和素質(zhì)。26.

26、答案：B【試題分析】本題為近義名詞詞義辨析題。【詳細解答】這四個選項都有“應用，運用”的意思。application指“（理論知識的）應用”；use表示“（工具等的）使用”；utility指“實用”，有效地使用某物使其發(fā)揮效用；usage側重于“具體的用法”。此處是指語言的運用，故應該選 use。27. 答案：D【試題分析】本題為語法題，考查關聯(lián)詞的用法?！驹敿毥獯稹?more than常用于比較級，意為“比更加”；except for意為“除外”的意思；because of意為“由于，因為”；in addition to意為“加上；除外，還有”。這里是說翻譯人員除了應具備前面所說的基本知識外

27、，還應有好學的品質(zhì)，故選項D為正確答案。28. 答案：D【試題分析】本題考查對固定搭配的掌握?！驹敿毥獯稹?on ones own指依靠某人自己的力量做某件事，“獨自，獨立”。of onesown指某人自己擁有的東西；介詞by和for都不與own搭配。根據(jù)句意，選項D為正確答案。29. 答案：A【試題分析】本題為語法題，考查對虛擬語氣的掌握?！驹敿毥獯稹勘揪涫且粋€表示與將來事實相反的虛擬語氣句。表示條件的從句中沒有if，應用部分倒裝。故選項A為正確答案。30. 答案：B【試題分析】本題考查對固定搭配的掌握?！驹敿毥獯稹?a nodding acquaintance意為“點頭之交”；famili

28、arity with意為“通曉；精通”；acquaintance with指“(從經(jīng)驗所得的)知識；了解”；knowledge指“知識”，skill指“技能；熟練”，都與of連用。31. 答案：D【試題分析】本題為近義動詞詞義辨析題?！驹敿毥獯稹窟@四個選項都有“轉變，變更”的意思。change意為“改變，變化”，常用于change fromto（由轉變成）；transform意為“使轉化”；turn意為“轉變”，常與介詞from, into搭配；switch意為“轉換”，指完全或突然的轉變。本句是指從一種語言轉換到另一種語言，應用動詞switch。 32. 答案：B【試題分析】本題考查對固定搭

29、配的掌握?！驹敿毥獯稹?lack 常用于短語“l(fā)ack of”； require常用于“require sth. of sb.”；face常用于“be faced with”；confront常用于“be confronted with”。故選項B為正確答案。33答案：B【試題分析】本題考查對上下文的理解。【詳細解答】上文中的“the nature of the translators work”就是“the processing ofthe written word”，而下文“this skill”指的是“be able to speak the languages he is dealin

30、g with”，故此處應選unnecessary，即他不必會講他所處理的語言。34答案：C【試題分析】本題考查連接詞的用法?！驹敿毥獯稹看颂幮枰粋€連詞將“an advantage”和“a hindrance”連接起來。根據(jù)上下文，此處是肯定advantage否定hindrance，所以應選rather than表示“而不是”。35答案：D【試題分析】本題考查對固定搭配的掌握?！驹敿毥獯稹?concern常與about搭配，意為“關心”，而不與with搭配；deal with意為“處理”；work with意為“工作”，都不符合句意。do away with意為“除掉，取消”。這里指“沒有掌握

31、說這些語言的技巧”，故選項B為正確答案。36答案：A.【試題分析】本題考查連詞的用法?！驹敿毥獯稹可衔恼f的是“unnecessary”，而下文說的是“desirable”，所以此處應該填一個表示轉折關系的連詞。四個選項中，只有however是表轉折的連詞，其他選項都是表示結果關系的連詞，故選項A為正確答案。37答案：A【試題分析】本題為語法題，考查對非謂語動詞的掌握。【詳細解答】 be restricted to中to是介詞，后面要求跟一個名詞，故選項A為正確答案。38答案：C【試題分析】本題考查對固定搭配的掌握?！驹敿毥獯稹?refer to意為“提到，說起”；come to意為“談到，關于

32、”；apply to 意為“應用，適用”；amount to意為“相當于，總共達”。這里是說用源語言寫作的能力也是如此，故應選apply to。39答案：A【試題分析】本題考查對固定搭配的掌握?！驹敿毥獯稹?it does not matter意思是“不要緊，沒關系”。這里是說如果譯者沒有這種能力，也不要緊。40答案：B【試題分析】本題為形容詞詞義辨析題?！驹敿毥獯稹?characteristic意為“特征；特色”，比較注重外在的；quality指意為“特質(zhì)；品質(zhì)；素質(zhì)”，比較注重內(nèi)在的；distinction意為“區(qū)別；分別”；feature意為“特征，特色”，側重具體的某個特征。這里指內(nèi)在

33、品質(zhì)，與skills并列，故應選quality。2002）Part Cloze 15 min People thinking about the origin of language for the first time usually arrive at the conclusion that it developed gradually as a system of grunts, hisses and cries and _26 a very simple affair in the beginning. _27 when we observe the language behavior

34、 of _28 we regard as primitive cultures, we find it _29 complicates. It was believes that an Eskimo must have at the tip of his tongue a vocabulary of more than 10,000 words _30 to get along reasonably well, much larger than the active vocabulary of an average businessman who speaks English. _31, Th

35、ese Eskimo words are far more highly inflected （詞尾變化的）than _32 of any Of the well-known European languages, for a _33 noun can be spoken or written in _34 hundred different forms, each _35 a precise meaning different from that of any other. The forms of the verbs are even more _36. The Eskimo langua

36、ge is, therefore, one of the most difficult in the world to learn, _37 the result that almost no traders or explorers have _38 tried to learn it. Consequently, there has grown up, in communication between Eskimos and whites, a jargon _39 to the Pidgin English used in Old China, with a vocabulary of

37、from 300 to 600 uninflected words. Most of them are derived from Eskimo but some are derived from English, Danish, Spanish, Hawaiian and other languages. It is this jargon that is usually _by travelers as the Eskimo language.26. A. must be B. must have been C. ought to be D. should be27. A. However

38、B. Therefore C. probably D. undoubtedly28. A. whose B. that C. which D. what29. A. conspicuously B. usually C. surprisingly D. sufficiently30. A. so as B. so that C. as such D. as well as31. A. However B. Moreover C. Though D. Therefore32. A. the others B. all others C. these D. those33. A. single B

39、. singular C. plural D. compound34. A. some B. several C. various D. varied35. A. getting B. causing C. having D. owning36. A endless B. multiple C. uncountable D. numerous37. A. with B. for C. owing to D. as38. A still B. indeed C. just D. even39. A. alike B. similar C. related D. relevant40. A. re

40、ferred to B. talked about C. spoken D. toldPart Four Cloze26答案：B【試題分析】本題為語法題，考查對虛擬語氣的掌握。【詳細解答】這句話是說“第一次考慮語言的起源問題的人們往往會得出這樣的結論，即語言是從人們的咕噥、喊叫逐漸發(fā)展起來的，并且開始肯定是很簡單的?！眒ust have+過去分詞，表示對過去事情的猜測。故選項B為正確答案。27答案：A【試題分析】本題為語法題，考查連詞的用法?！驹敿毥獯稹?however意為“然而”，表示轉折關系；therefore意為“因此”，表因果關系； probably意為“也許”；“undoubtedl

41、y” 意為“毫無疑問地”。根據(jù)上下文，此處需要一個表轉折關系的連詞，故選項A為正確答案。28答案：D【試題分析】本題為語法題，考查代詞what的用法。【詳細解答】 what引導一個名詞性從句，充當介詞of的賓語，同時在從句中充當regard的賓語。29答案：C【試題分析】本題為副詞詞義辨析題?！驹敿毥獯稹?conspicuously意為“明顯地，引人注目地”； usually意為“通常地”； surprisingly意為“驚人地，意想不到地”；sufficiently意為“充足地”。這里指原本認為很簡單的事，卻是意想不到的復雜，故用surprisingly修飾形容詞complicated最合乎

42、句意。30答案：A【試題分析】本題考查連詞的用法?！驹敿毥獯稹?so as to意為“以便，為的是”； so that意為“因此”，一般要接從句；as such意為“照這樣，像這樣”；as well as意為“像一樣”。本句意為“愛斯基摩人必須掌握10000單詞以便很好地交流”，故選項A為正確答案。31. 答案：B【試題分析】本題考查連詞的用法。【詳細解答】 however表轉折，moreover表遞進關系；though表讓步關系；therefore表因果關系。前面講到愛斯基摩人掌握的詞匯多，后面又講他們的詞匯變化形式也很豐富，因此這里是遞進關系，故選項B為正確答案。32. 答案：D【試題分析

43、】本題考查代詞的用法?！驹敿毥獯稹勘揪涫且粋€比較結構，than后面常用that或those，此處用those代指前面提到的words，其他三項都不能起這種替代作用。33. 答案：A【試題分析】本題為形容詞詞義辨析題?！驹敿毥獯稹?single意為“單個的，單一的”；singular意為“單數(shù)的，奇異的”；plural意為“復數(shù)的”；compound意為“復合的，合成的”。這里是說“單個的名詞其讀法和寫法就有上百種形式”，故選項A為正確答案。34. 答案：B【試題分析】本題為形容詞用法辨析題。【詳細解答】 some可用于修飾具體的數(shù)字，表示“大約”；several修飾數(shù)詞hundred，thou

44、sand等時，數(shù)詞用單數(shù)；various“多種多樣的”和varied“變化的，不一樣的”都不能修飾數(shù)詞。根據(jù)后面的數(shù)詞hundred，正確答案為選項B。 35. 答案：C【試題分析】本題為動詞詞義辨析題。【詳細解答】本句中動詞的賓語是meaning，常用的搭配是have a meaning，意為“具有的意思”，符合句意，故選項C為正確答案。getting意為“得到”；causing意為“引起”；owning意為“擁有”都不合符句意。36. 答案：D【試題分析】本題為形容詞詞義辨析題?！驹敿毥獯稹?endless意為“無休止的”；multiple意為“多重的，多樣的”；uncountable意為

45、“不可數(shù)的，無數(shù)的”；numerous意為“許多的，眾多的”。上文提到一個名詞的變化形式就有上百種，此處指動詞的變化形式更多，指數(shù)量多，故選項D為正確答案。37. 答案：A【試題分析】本題考查對固定搭配的掌握?！驹敿毥獯稹勘揪湟鉃椤皭鬯够φZ是最難學的一種語言，因而幾乎沒有商人或探險家試圖去掌握它?！?with the result that意為“結果是，因而”；as和result搭配時常用的形式為as a result意為“結果”；as a result of意為“作為的結果”；for表原因，不與result搭配；owing to意為“歸因于”，表原因。根據(jù)句意，此處表示結果，故選項A為正確

46、答案。38答案：D【試題分析】本題考查副詞的用法?！驹敿毥獯稹窟@里是說甚至沒有人試著努力去掌握它。still意為“仍然，還”；indeed意為“確實，真正地”；just意為“僅僅，不過是”；even意為“甚至，連都”。根據(jù)句意，此處缺少一個程度副詞，故選項D為正確答案。39答案：B【試題分析】本題為形容詞詞義辨析題?！驹敿毥獯稹?alike意為“相似的”，be alike to意為“對是同樣的”； similar意為“相似的，類似的”，similar to意為“與相似，類似于”； related意為“有聯(lián)系的，相近的”，related to意為“與有聯(lián)系的”；relevant意為“相關的，關聯(lián)

47、的”，relevant to意為“和有關的”。這里是說愛斯基摩人在和白人交流中發(fā)展起來的一種混合語，它類似于舊中國使用的混雜英語，故選項B為正確答案。40答案：A【試題分析】本題考查對固定搭配的掌握?！驹敿毥獯稹勘揪涫钦f“就是這種混合語通常被旅行者們稱作愛斯基摩語。”refer to sth. as sth.意為“把稱作”，此句中用的是被動形式sth. .is referred to as sty.，故為正確答案。2003） During McDonald's early years French fries were made from scratch every day. Russ

48、et Burbank potatoes were (1), cut into shoestrings, and fried in its kitchens. (2) the chain expanded nationwide, in the mid-1960', it sought to cut labor costs, reduce the number of suppliers, and (3) that its fries tasted the same at every restaurant. McDonald's began (4) to frozen French

49、fries in 1966-and few customers noticed the difference. (5), the change had a profound effect on the nation's agriculture and diet. A familiar food had been transformed into a highly processed industrial (6) McDonald's fries now come from huge manufacturing plants (7) can process two million

50、 pounds of potatoes a day. The expansion (8) McDonald's and the popularity of its low-cost, mass-produced fries changed the way Americans eat. The taste of McDonald's French fries played a crucial role in the chain's success-fries are much more profitable than hamburgers-and was (9) prai

51、sed by customers, competitors, and even food critics. Their (10) taste does not stem from the kind of potatoes that McDonald's (11), the technology that processes them, or the restaurant equipment that fries them: other chains use Russet Burbank, buy their French fries from the (12) large proces

52、sing companies, and have similar (13) in their restaurant kitchens. The taste of a French fry is (14) determined by the cooking oil. For decades McDonald's cooked its French fries in a mixture of about 7 per cent cottonseed oiled and 93 per cent beef fat. The mixture gave the fries their unique

53、(15).1. A. scaled B. stripped C. peeled D. sliced2. A. As B. Due to C. owing to D. With3. A. ensue B. ensure C. enrich D. enable4. A. switching B. parting C. modifying D. altering5. A. Still B. Anyway C. Besides D. Nevertheless6. A. brand B. stuff C. commodity D. produce7. A. this B. that C. / D. what8. A. into